Liu Chi studied drum music with folk artists since childhood. At the age of nine, my father, a bank clerk, lost his job, and three generations lived a hard life. In order to reduce the burden on his family, he went to Sanxian Temple in Xi 'an to clean the Buddhist temple to make a living. When there was an ancient band in the temple, Liu Chi began to learn the ancient music of the Tang Dynasty, and studied the lead singers of Xiao, Yungong, all percussion instruments and Buddhist songs from Fu, who was highly respected in the ancient music field. As well as the flute of master Liu (the authority of flute in ancient music), Liu Chi became a "generalist" in ancient bands. Liu Chi, who is good at playing the cymbals, sheng, flute and recording the notation of Gongchi, showed his artistic talent very early and became an excellent young performer, which laid a solid foundation for his future music creation. At the age of 12 (1933), he was admitted to Xijing Publishing House because of his poor family, and worked as a child laborer in Zizhufang. /kloc-at the age of 0/5, the Xi incident happened and the whole Xi was boiling. Liu Chi went to the streets every day to sell "extra numbers" for the press, and realized that China had hope from the surging student movement. I heard that there were Red Army troops not far from Xi 'an, so I left home secretly and walked 90 miles to Yunyang Town on February 25th. 1936+65438. At that time, he joined the Red Army of Workers and Peasants. At that time, Ren Hongjun Rear Office Director, former Deputy Chief of Staff of the Third Red Army Corps, and 29-year-old General Wu Xiuquan personally put on the Red Army hat and put on the Red Army costume. At first, he was sent to the Red Army University as a student, and later he was sent to the Red Army Drama Club as a little actor. Since then, Liu Chi has changed from a child worker who casts characters into a little soldier of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants. On the way north to Yan 'an, Liu Chi sang and danced with excitement. An officer of the Northeast Army said: "This baby is like a small flame, a singing mouth and two thick eyebrows, just like a person made of hot words. Call Liu Deyin Liu Chi! " After arriving in Yan 'an, the original name with traditional feudal meaning was forgotten by people.

"Liu Chi 15 years old. He is the son of the bank manager of Shaanxi Province (helen snow remembers wrong. Liu Chi's father, Liu, is not the manager of Shaanxi Bank, but a bank employee. Influenced by the Xi incident, he was inclined to the' revolutionary' Northeast Drama Club, so he fled his family to join the Red Army Drama Club on February 25th. 1936.

"1936 65438+On February 9th, Liu Chi and middle school students took part in a demonstration and marched in the direction of Lintong. Ask Chiang Kai-shek not to continue the civil war and organize a United front. He was in the front row of the demonstration. At that time, Zhang Xueliang advised them to go back to the road because I was afraid that Chiang Kai-shek's gendarmerie would shoot them-two students had been injured and the demonstration was in a state of extreme anger. From then on, Liu Chi wanted to be a revolutionary, not the son of a banker ... "

1938, 10 In April, Yan 'an Luxun College of Literature and Art, an institution dedicated to training literary and artistic talents for the revolution, was established. Led by, the school was co-founded by Lin, Xu Teli, Cheng, Ai Siqi and Zhou Yang. It has many departments such as drama, music, art and literature, and has a group of excellent teachers. As soon as it was established, it attracted young people from all over the motherland to the revolutionary holy land. The former site of Lu Yi School was originally located on the western hillside outside the north gate of Yan 'an ancient city. 1939 moved to qiaoergou outside the east gate of the ancient city. Lu Yi Music Department has a strong faculty. Lv Ji teaches free composition, Xiang Yu teaches harmony, Xian Xinghai teaches composition and command, and Du Yajia teaches vocal music. ...

1939, Liu Chi joined China * * * Production Party. In April, Liu Chi was admitted to the third stage of the Music Department of Lu Xun College of Literature and Art in Yan 'an, and became the high flyers of Xian Xinghai, starting his "regular" music career of studying composition and conducting. After graduation, I entered the music research room as a graduate student and teaching assistant. In his later memories, he mentioned the scene when he was admitted to the Music Department of Lu Xun College of Literature in Yan 'an: "I didn't take the exam like this at that time. I remember I went to Mr. Xian Xinghai's cave, and he was the only one sitting there, and I stood in front of him. He asked me to sing, I sang march of the volunteers, and he asked me to sing the song of saving the nation. Let me talk about my understanding of these two songs. It's as simple as that, I was admitted. "

As soon as Liu Chi entered the school, she caught up with the school rehearsal of The Yellow River Cantata. Under Baota shan, by the water, on the hillside below the rows of caves, a middle-aged man in shorts, a gray coat and sandals waved his powerful arm and conducted the chorus of more than 100 people. He is Xian Xinghai. Liu Chi has long admired Xian Xinghai's name. The poor boatman's son studied under French violinist Pani Oberdorfer and composer paul dukas when he was down and out. After returning to China, he created a large number of vocal works and movie music, including Liu Chi's long-term singing of Love in the Yellow River and Hot Blood. Shortly after he entered school, he was deeply shocked by this magnificent large-scale field music after listening to The Yellow River Cantata at the celebration of the first anniversary of the founding of Lu Yi!

Introduction to music, music movement, general music research, solfeggio, lyrics, command, free composition, composition, chorus, instrumental music ... There were many classes in the first semester, and Liu Chi was often overwhelmed by those boring handouts every day. However, when studying in groups in the second semester, he came to the composition group as carefree as a bird in the forest. Liu Chi loves composing music. Dull scales became romantic under his combination, simple notes made many strange and charming sounds under his weaving, and a new language flowed out of his heart like a stream. Xian Xinghai requires students who write essays to hand in exercises once a week. His first exercise was Liu Yuzuo's Love Song of Northern Shaanxi, and Xian Xinghai approved it in the exercise book: OK. The second song is the children's song Tintin, which was recognized by Xian Xinghai: Very good. In the third article, Liu Chi handed in a mixed voice two-part chorus "Playing a Song". Xian Xinghai was excited by the child's gas field and excitedly approved beside the soundtrack: "Very good, I hope to sing all over the country!" Xian Xinghai's favor aroused Liu Chi's greater enthusiasm. At this time, a drizzle fell on Xian Xinghai's head: in composing, Xiao Liu should not only take national music as the main body of creation, but also learn from European operas and symphonies, eclectic and learn from literature and other arts ... So he began to contact Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Schubert and Tchaikovsky's works; I started reading Anna karenin, Insulted and Hurted, Young Werther, Romeo and Juliet. ...

He continued to collect folk songs, and with his unique notation, he hid many folk songs from northern Shaanxi, Mongolia and Xinjiang and minor tunes from his hometown. These materials flowed into his heart like a stream. He always thinks that folk music is an inexhaustible source. Since he was in Lu Yi, he has kept a small book of collecting folk songs bound with coarse Malan paper in his pocket day and night. He, Kyle, Amber, Zhang Lu and Guan Hetong were called "Five Groups" attached to folk music in Yan 'an period.

1940 In May, Xian Xinghai will go to the Soviet Union, and Liu Chi is reluctant to part with his teacher's departure. He has been sending Xinghai to the southbound bus. He is holding the book "The History of the British Party" in his hand, and Xinghai is invited to inscribe it. Xinghai wrote, "Be loyal to the motherland and the people. Our literature and art in China are for the people." This precious inscription has been engraved in Liu Chi's heart for more than 50 years and has become the soul of his music creation.

1940 10 Liu Chi graduated from the Music Department of Lu Yi, entered the music studio for postgraduate study, and soon went to Erdos grassland to inspect Mongolian music. The Mongolian literary delegation was led by Wang Feng, accompanied by Dani, Wang Yafan, Li Jiantong and Ma Yin. They came to Uxin Banner in Yikezhao League to collect folk customs, folk customs and folk music. Liu Chi is the youngest. He wears Mongolian clothes, visits living buddhas, makes friends with lamas and herders. He quickly collected and recorded many Mongolian folk songs. He can not only write them down, but also sing them quickly, winning the love of many Mongolian compatriots. Because he can't speak Mongolian, his fellow villager said, "This young man has won the hearts of Mongols, but he is still a Mongolian."

During the War of Liberation, Liu Chi went to the Northeast to carry out many musical activities, founded a music school and Xinghai Choir, and served as the principal, head and conductor, thus cultivating a large number of musicians for the new China to be established soon. According to the singing of the first Yellow River Conference outside Shanhaiguan, it was the first time for radio to teach revolutionary songs. It has played a great role in mobilizing, publicizing and educating the masses.

1942, they wrote July in the border area, which endowed seven tones of typical folk songs in northern Shaanxi with a new and optimistic interest and spread all over the border area at once. This year, Lu Yi established the "Yangko Team", with Yutian as the captain and Liu Chi as the general director. Yangko, which is characterized by folk songs in northern Shaanxi, has achieved great success. Liu Chi and Yan were the leading figures, and Wang Jiayi, who later became the director of Five Golden Flowers, was the "Dragon Tail" and soon became famous in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. Amber's "Brother and Sister Land Reclamation" became an instant hit, and Liu Chi's "Sending Salt" became a brilliant work in the new Yangko movement with an optimistic sense of humor.

1943 arranged the yangko opera Rent Reduction Meeting, and its solo "Turn over the Taoist Emotion" skillfully completed by using the ancient feelings of northern Shaanxi and the new feelings of Shanxi has been popular so far, and Guo won the gold medal in singing at the second World Youth Student Festival.

1944, in order to celebrate the historic turning point of the Soviet Red Army's anti-fascism, Liu Chi and He Jingzhi co-wrote Encouragement of Victory. He jumped out of the northern Shaanxi folk song style that he had mastered and used quite well, and sang an inspiring and Chinese-style harmony business model March with Chinese style-here he jumped from "5" to "6" seven degrees, using cheering phrases, which was novel and unique. For the first time, the problem of writing the March of the Brave without big mode was solved.

Encouragement of Victory was performed by the Yangko Team and soon spread in the liberated areas. Chairman Mao watched the performance of Lu Yi Yangko Team and said, "It's very Chinese."

From 65438 to 0945, Liu Chi set out from Yan 'an with the Northeast Cadre Corps, crossed five provinces and traveled long distances to Shenyang, Liaoning Province, where he served as the director of the Music Department of the Northeast Literature and Art Working Group. He also paid great attention to the collection and excavation of northeast folk music, and new music materials were quickly applied when he created Workers' Chorus and Busy with Production.

"Do you want people to like your songs? That depends on whether you love songs that others like to listen to. " Liu Chi got this feeling from his own creation, so facing the lyrics of My Motherland, he found dozens of favorite songs of the masses since liberation, and then selected the best ones, and found out ten songs: Come in February, Spinning Cotton, Prairie Love Song, Five Brothers Grazing Sheep, Kangding Love Song, Running Water and Opposite Mountain.

Liu Chi shut himself in his room for a whole week, singing these ten songs repeatedly except eating, sleeping and walking. If you are tired of singing, you can play the flute and sing again. From this, you can understand the mystery of these songs, analyze their melody, taste, rhythm characteristics, the unity of language and contradiction, the structural logic of musical form, and the law of mode tonality ... Liu Chi is "possessed". He seems to have caught something in his obsession-they rewrote the first two sentences of Lugou Question and Answer according to the song "Little Cowherd", and they caught him.

Liu Chi changed the first two sentences slightly as the motive seed of the new song. Liu Chi was overjoyed to find the motive. How to cultivate this motivation? He devoted himself to the most sincere love. The heroic images of those lovely volunteers, their love and hunger for the noble and pure feelings of the motherland just before the sacrifice, prompted Liu Chi to successfully cultivate precious seeds into seedlings, and then cultivate seedlings into deep-rooted towering trees. Ah, "I'm used to the singer's songs and the white sails on the boat ..." He seems to see picturesque rivers and mountains in the south of the Yangtze River, rice waves in the wind, and relatives who planted rice seedlings with him ... He became the soundtrack of the first five lyrics in one breath, and the beginning, bearing, turning and combining were very smooth.