Donggang, Putuo District, Zhoushan City, is a new district city.
1. The needs and constraints of urban space expansion
1. The need for regional integrated development
Currently, the relationship between cities and regions is becoming increasingly close, and the development of urban space Expansion is not only closely related to the development of the city itself, but also inextricably linked to the area on which the city is based.
From a municipal level, Zhoushan City, as a port city in the Yangtze River Delta region, has experienced rapid social and economic development driven by the rapid development of the Yangtze River Delta region. The construction of large-scale projects such as the Zhoushan mainland-island project, Hangzhou Bay Bridge, and Donghai Bridge not only connects Zhoushan's land transportation connections and realizes Zhoushan's "Peninsula Dream", but also brings Zhoushan closer to the Yangtze River Delta region, especially to Ningbo, The connections between Shanghai and external transportation conditions have been greatly improved, which has brought new opportunities for Putuo District to leverage its advantages, develop tourism, and integrate into the Yangtze River Delta. Zhoushan City's urban space development strategy of "production in the north, living in the south, tourism in the east, and green center in the middle" will have a greater impact on the future urban spatial layout. The overall development strategy will become the guide for the development of Donggang.
From the district level, the formation of a new urban spatial pattern in Putuo District and the development of Lujiazhi Island and the residential area in the north of the city have caused the city to break the "coastal belt" development urban pattern determined in the original plan; The development of the industrial park with Puxi Industrial Park as the core, Shenjiamen's "retreat from the second to the third" and the tourism service development of Lujiazhi Island have shifted the urban industrial industrial layout to the west. At the same time, the layout of the tourism service base has changed from centralized to relatively decentralized. As an important area for the expansion of construction land in Putuo City, the Donggang area has strong land integrity and flexibility, and has the potential to build a new coastal city center in Putuo.
From the perspective of the Donggang area, with the improvement of the urban construction area in the first phase of the Donggang Reclamation in Putuo District and the completion of the administrative center and business center in the second phase of the reclamation, a good foundation has been laid for the future development of Donggang.
2. Requirements for urban space expansion
Space is the carrier of urban development, and most urban economic activities will eventually be reflected in the city’s land space. As for Donggang New District, which is currently in the middle stage of development, urban space is experiencing a period of steady expansion, and there is a demand and trend for outward extension.
⑴The overall demand for space development
According to the "Donggang Area Zoning Plan", the total planning scope is 11.7 square kilometers, of which 6.8 square kilometers are used in Donggang urban area.
The current construction of the Donggang area includes seven villages on the hillside and along the mountain and the first phase of the Donggang urban reclamation built-up area, with a construction land area of ??approximately 2.0 square kilometers. The construction land scope of the first phase of Donggang New District is the section between Weiwu Road and Weijiu Road, as well as some areas on the hillside and Tangtou. The total planned area is 1.83 square kilometers. The second phase of the project has basically formed part of the built-up area, including road networks, living quarters, administrative offices, commerce, culture and entertainment, sports, medical care, education and other facilities; long-term planning and construction mainly includes planning of the land for the second phase of construction and the land for the third phase of construction. The land area for the second phase of construction is the section between Weijiu Road and Wei12 Road, as well as other areas on the hillside and Tangtou, with a total area of ??2.07 square kilometers; the land area for the third phase of construction is from Weijiu Road to Wei10 The section between the five roads has a total area of ??1.25 square kilometers.
⑵ Space demand for residential land
According to the "Zoning Plan for Donggang Area, Putuo District, Zhoushan City" (2005-2020), the total planned population of this planned area is about 120,000, of which , there are about 100,000 people in Donggang urban area, about 8,000 people in the hillside area, and about 12,000 people in the Tangtou area. As of 2010, the current total population is 55,000, consistent with the planned near-term population.
Residential land has become an important carrier of residential functions in Donggang City. In the long term, the total residential land area in Donggang is 3.2343 million square meters, and residential land accounts for 52.02% of the urban construction land in Donggang urban area, of which 253,900 square meters are commercial and residential comprehensive land.
⑶ Space requirements for public service facilities
The planned public facilities are arranged at the city and group levels, which can be summarized as "one city center, five groups" center" structure. A center refers to the central area located in the southern part of the second phase that integrates administrative offices, culture and entertainment, commercial finance, and tourism services. The five group centers refer to the supporting public facilities located in the five residential groups. Public facilities are mainly arranged in the area surrounding the business center, with commercial, entertainment, tourism, hotel services and other facilities, forming a comprehensive business district around the central green space. A secondary commercial center will be formed near Lianhua Mountain in the north, with commercial, recreational and other facilities arranged to serve the northern urban area of ??Donggang. A certain area of ??vegetable markets, kindergartens, community service centers, community hospitals and other residential area-level public facilities are arranged in the group center to meet the living needs of residents.
Donggang New District Business Center is located in the eastern part of the central area, in the coastal area. It is the administrative center and commercial center of Putuo District. Its public service facilities include administrative offices, administrative and commercial mixed use, commercial finance, culture and entertainment. , medical and health land, with a land area of ??48.76 hectares; the public service facilities in the second phase will play a role in improving the urban functions of Donggang New District, including middle schools, primary schools, hospitals, stadiums, long-distance bus stations, garbage transfer stations, and bus parks. , parking lot and farmer's market, etc., with a land area of ??12.52 hectares.
⑷ Spatial demand for construction land in hillside areas
Although hillside areas are outside the scope of urban overall planned construction land, they are the fringe areas of the city. It should be analyzed uniformly and developed as a whole; its natural terrain and environmental characteristics should be fully respected, and an urban environmental landscape that communicates with nature should be created as much as possible; at the same time, planning and design aims to create a pleasant environment suitable for residents to live and work. At present, the land that can be better utilized in the Donggang hillside area is about 1.3885 million square meters, and the currently utilized land is about 441,000 square meters.
Planning should fully consider the conditions and constraints of development within the current planning scope, and at the same time, retain as many possibilities for future development as possible, and use planning methods to consider road network structure, land layout, resources, and ecology. In order to ensure various needs for future development in terms of protection and other aspects, the planning determines the land size in the hillside area to be 2.1734 million square meters, of which the planned residential land is 764,200 square meters, accounting for 55.81% of the total construction land in the hillside area. The planned first-class residential land is 548,600 square meters, the second-class residential land is planned to be 210,000 square meters, and the planned urban public facilities land is 121,000 square meters. It accounts for 8.84% of the total construction land in the hillside area; the planned green space area is 201,100 square meters, accounting for 14.69% of the total urban construction land in the hillside area.
3. Constraints and breakthroughs of the natural geographical environment
The natural topography of Zhoushan Island greatly restricts the expansion of urban construction land. The land parcels are restricted by natural conditions from northwest to southeast. The strip-like form has the disadvantage of low infrastructure utilization efficiency. The supply of land is not only limited by terrain conditions, but also by meteorological conditions. Perennial strong winds and storm surges will have an adverse impact on the area's use of coastlines to arrange natural ship docking ports and docks; the coastline direction is approximately 20 degrees south-west. , the best building orientation is north-south, therefore, the best buildings in the area are facing the sea but not facing the sea; it increases the technical difficulty of organizing the coastal architectural landscape and developing sea view residential areas; the water color is turbid, the sediment concentration is high, and it is incompatible with other island coastlines Compared with this, it is not advantageous for carrying out marine recreation and has the conditions for reclamation and development of residential groups mainly facing north and south.
Putuo District has a shortage of land resources. Under the national macro-control policy, land reclamation in Donggang City. For Putuo City, which is greatly restricted by natural conditions, developing tidal flat resources to build a city will break through the constraints of land policies. Alleviating the shortage of space and the contradiction between supply and demand of construction land and providing development space for urban development. After the reclamation of Donggang urban area, a deep-water coastline along the embankment can be formed along the coast, which has the advantage of being close to mountains and water, creating conditions for the diversified development of coastal cities with characteristics.
Therefore, how to integrate and optimize urban resources, rationally and effectively use the limited spatial resources of Donggang New District, meet the construction requirements of the new district while actively utilizing and creating surrounding land suitable for construction, constitutes the determination of spatial layout strategy the basic starting point.
2. Urban spatial development model
1. Development ideas
⑴ Meet new functions
Fully consider the environmental conditions for the development of Donggang area , excavate and make full use of core space resources such as mountains and coastal areas, as well as the tourism resources of Mount Putuo, the Buddhist Kingdom on the coast, to develop tourism and build a comprehensive service center for administration, commerce, culture and sports, medical care, education, and residence in Putuo District. Take the lead to combine the development and construction of the Donggang area with the functional expansion of Putuo City to build a dynamic coastal new city with international standards.
⑵Continue the flexible layout
Follow the principle of "conducive to the long-term development of the city" and adopt a "group-type" spatial model to form a flexible land use layout and organic growth The model adapts to the construction characteristics of the phased reclamation development of Donggang, meets the needs and complies with the market. Pay attention to the continuity of each phase of development in Donggang District to allow the city to grow organically.
(3) Follow ecological principles
Planning follows nature and gives priority to ecology. The Donggang area faces mountains to the west and develops gullies; it faces the sea to the east and faces the Putuo Mountain Scenic Area across the mountains, with a good view of the landscape. The plan implements ecologically-oriented guiding ideology and layout principles in organizing water systems, green space layout and land development.
⑷Create a personalized urban landscape
The plan makes full use of coastal resources and uses urban design layout techniques to create a multi-layered and rich urban landscape. Through the layout of central area squares and central parks, we can create more seaside surfaces, increase the scope of urban land space with higher landscape value, and enhance land value; through planning and layout of "wedge"-shaped green spaces, we can strengthen the integration of "sea, city, and mountain" Connect the landscape to form a landscape corridor; plan to arrange public buildings with high artistic taste along the coast to facilitate the display of urban architectural art and enrich the coastal landscape; retain the natural interface of mountains and seas before reclamation between mountain cities to construct a public park ***Green space, protect the ecology, provide green opening space, and meet functional requirements.
2. Spatial structure
“One center, two axes, three zones, and multiple groups”. "One center" refers to the public facilities center located in Donggang City; "two axes" refers to the two urban development axes located on Jing 1st Road and Jing 2 Road; "three districts" refers to the three planned construction areas in the planning area, including Donggang City , hillside planning and construction area and Tangtou planning and construction area; "multiple groups" refers to multiple functional groups in the "three districts", including 5 in Donggang City, 3 in hillside area, and 1 in Tangtou.
Functional positioning and spatial development model
As an administrative, cultural, sports center, commercial sub-center and tourism service base, Donggang New Area has modern, ecological and island characteristics The multi-functional coastal new urban area adopts a "cluster-type" spatial structure model to continue to play the radiating role of the central city and the coastal new area, alleviate the contradiction between living and transportation in the old city, and effectively attract foreign residents; accelerate and improve urban infrastructure and Provide public service facilities and carry out land transfer and regional construction in an orderly manner; highlight the landscape elements of modern coastal cities, create a high-quality image of the core area of ??the new urban area, and create a livable urban environment; focus on planning and construction of the landscaped Neihu core business district, and do a good job Preliminary work such as detailed planning of the hillside area and relocation of aboriginal people have basically formed the urban function of one of Zhoushan City's important tourism service bases and commercial core areas.
3. Road system
National Highway 329 passes through the middle of the city, reaching Zhujiajian Island in the east and the Ring Road in the west; there are two roads in the south of the city that connect to Shenjiamen; in the north There is Tangluo Highway connected to the industrial zone in the northern part of the island.
With the northward expansion of Donggang City, two more exits are needed in the central and northern parts of Donggang City. One is the road from Tangtou to the northern reclamation industrial zone, and a tunnel through the mountain is reserved on the north side of Tangtou Village. It is connected to the Ring Road; the other is the connection line between Hailian Road and the Ring Road.
Build a double track of the Zhujiajian Bridge to strengthen the transportation connection between the ring-island highway and the northern part of Donggang City and the northern reclamation area of ??Zhoushan Island and other urban groups.
In Tangtou, the red line of the southern section of Tangluo Highway in the planning area is 18 meters, and the red lines of the central and northern sections are 12 meters and 10 meters.
The maritime cruise route between Donggang City and Putuo Mountain and other tourist attractions in the "Haitian Buddha Kingdom": a cruise ship pier is arranged on the edge of the central area, and a fishing port pier is arranged on the south side of Qilin Mountain.
Hailian Road, the western boundary of the planning scope, is an important traffic artery. The other two main north-south roads, Jing'er Road and Jingsan Road, have living and landscape functions respectively; The ring-island highway connecting the two roads is an important external traffic road in the Donggang area; the east-west Weishi Road, Weishi Road, Weishi 12th Road and Weishi 13th Road are important east-west connection roads respectively.
3. Spatial strategic support
1. Accelerate the development of urban pillar industries
With the expansion of the construction scale of Donggang, the district business center, cultural center, and commercial facilities Construction and coordinated development with surrounding areas will make Putuo District a dynamic urban area. This plan will take advantage of the coastline and the location characteristics of Putuo Mountain and Zhujiajian Scenic Area, which are closest to each other. Through the development of various forms of transportation links, Donggang, as a tourism service area, should accelerate the development of the tertiary industry, with real estate, tourism, and commercial services. As a pillar industry.
Tourism is the most competitive industry in Putuo District. In accordance with the idea of ??"establishing the concept of grand tourism, integrating resource advantages, improving the tourism pattern, optimizing tourism routes, and enhancing the taste of Putuo tourism". The number of tourists and the quality of tourism will increase significantly in the future. It is required to improve the quantity and quality of regional tourism transportation facilities, service facilities and other corresponding facilities.
A large number of people gather and move in, and the living pressure in the old city is great, and the residential population spreads rapidly to Donggang City. The construction of high-quality residential communities is currently the most popular pursuit. Real estate development will become the most important economic growth point in the new area. At the same time, it will lay the foundation for the commercial service industry to form a certain atmosphere in the future.
2. Develop urban public space
Urban public space is the place where citizens live in society. It is the essence of the urban physical environment, the carrier of multiculturalism and its unique charm. source of. The overall quality of public space construction directly affects the city's comprehensive competitiveness and public satisfaction. Therefore, urban decision-makers, builders and users all pay special attention to it.
Various public spaces carry multiple functions such as transportation, communication, rest, walking, viewing, fitness, entertainment, catering, display, education, festivals, etc. Donggang New District will build urban public spaces such as grand theaters, gymnasiums, parks, citizen squares, youth activity centers, and Neihu business circles, as well as pedestrian commercial streets, pedestrian cultural streets, and pedestrian leisure streets, and complete them in pedestrian blocks. service facilities; equipped with sufficient public parking lots, the public spaces in the entire new area are closely connected together, fully reflecting and giving full play to their openness, integration and communication, and improving the quality of life in Donggang New Area ; and consider blocks and community activities, appropriately develop or retain a compact, small-scale, multi-functional mixed commercial and residential pedestrian community, so that people and activities are relatively concentrated and maintain a relatively high density, which will definitely accumulate popularity and be full of vitality .
3. Create a characteristic coastal charming city
Donggang urban area is surrounded by mountains and faces the sea. After reclamation, a deep-water coastline along the embankment can be formed along the coast. It has the advantage of being close to mountains and water, and is diversified. Conditions have been created for the development of coastal cities with characteristics. In urban construction, we should pay attention to image and space shaping, create a coastal city with unique characteristics and charm, and make it a business card of the city with unique island style and coastal charm.
The urban environment of Donggang area is a relatively special part of the city. It is a place that embodies the urban characteristics with maritime temperament and displays the urban style. Its environmental development and construction should strengthen the research on space and landscape to form a distinctive environment and beautiful urban image.
While introducing commerce, culture, technology, sports and fitness activities and other content, Donggang New District coordinates the overall urban style and creates a distinctive and vibrant urban landscape; it focuses on landscape nodes, coastlines, mountain landscapes and The treatment of landmark buildings forms a unique urban "iconic" landscape; through spatial organization, a fascinating public activity venue is formed, and through planned green corridors, pedestrian systems, public activity corridors, etc. The paths radiate outward and form a whole with the surrounding scenic spots and functional areas, improving the quality of the city and internal connections as a whole.