1. Sanguine: Lively and sociable, impetuous and lacks perseverance

Characteristics: outgoing, emotionally stable. People with a sanguine temperament are like agile leopards, a flexible and active type. They are full of self-confidence and can easily adapt to new environments. They never feel restrained anywhere and can always put themselves in the position of "master"; they are energetic, efficient in work and study, love to delve into research, and have strong adaptability. , usually the backbone of the business.

Advantages and Disadvantages: The most prominent advantage of the Sanguine temperament is that they are lively but not impulsive, take the overall situation seriously, are not greedy for small gains, are not emotional, and have a calm leadership temperament. But the advantages and disadvantages are relative. People with sanguine temperament are rich in emotions, but they are prone to impetuousness, carelessness, and their energy is easily dispersed; they are active in thinking, but sometimes they do not seek to understand the problem thoroughly and are opportunistic; they have strong adaptability, but their "points of attention" change quickly and they are easy to "pay attention to". "Transferring love to others", lacking patience and perseverance in doing things.

Development direction: People with a sanguine temperament are natural leaders and can look at problems from a developmental perspective. They are more suitable for careers such as business, planning, and advertising, such as diplomats, businessmen, lawyers, and journalists. Workers, hosts, salesmen, supervisors, etc. People with sanguine temperament are not suitable for jobs that are trivial, monotonous and mechanical, and lack competitiveness. ▲

2. Choleric temperament: bold and courageous, impulsive and quick-tempered

Characteristics: extroverted, emotionally unstable. Choleric people are like impulsive lions, an excited and enthusiastic type. Most of them are impatient, easily excited, and easily lose their temper at a moment's notice.

Advantages and Disadvantages: The advantages of choleric temperament are that they are proactive in work, not afraid of difficulties, and enthusiastic; they are straightforward and forthright, and they are consistent on the inside and outside. The disadvantage is that he has a short temper, acts recklessly, gets angry easily over trivial matters, and even acts aggressively; he acts emotionally, acts impulsively, does not consider the consequences, and regrets it afterwards.

Development direction: Suitable jobs for choleric people include: management, diplomacy, drivers, clothing industry, catering industry, journalists, actors, police officers, designers, marketers and other extroverted occupations. They need to overcome their shortcomings of poor self-control, easy distraction, and carelessness, and find a method that suits them to control anger, anxiety, and impatience.

3. Phlegm: Practical, tolerant, conservative and inflexible

Characteristics: Introverted, emotionally stable. A phlegmatic person is like an industrious bee, silent and steady. They are diligent and down-to-earth, and are born with the label of "reliable". Work in a leisurely and unhurried manner, but be able to complete tasks with quality and quantity, and strictly abide by the life order and work system, and are not easily distracted

Advantages and disadvantages: The advantage of the phlegmatic temperament is that he is stable and does not panic when things change. Always think before you act. Therefore, people around them love to make friends with them, and can use them as support when encountering problems. However, the phlegmatic temperament is stable but inflexible, down-to-earth but somewhat rigid, calm but lacking in vitality, slightly sluggish in behavior, not flexible enough in thinking, and prone to being conservative.

Development direction: People with phlegm are suitable for jobs that require patience and are relatively stable, such as doctors, judges, managers, accountants, mediators, teachers, human resources specialists, etc. When faced with stress, phlegmatic people often avoid it instead of actively responding to it. The greater the pressure, the easier it is to indulge. It is recommended not to think too much when encountering problems, but to act first.

4. Depressive temperament: cautious and sensitive, withdrawn and easily pessimistic

Characteristics: introverted, emotionally unstable. Depressive people are like sensitive kittens, keen and shy. They are withdrawn in behavior, shy in expression, not very gregarious, don't like to show off, and have a narrow range of contacts. But after getting along for a long time, you will find that these people are very easy-going and reliable.

Advantages and disadvantages: The advantages of melancholic temperament are strong insight, good abstraction ability, and potential for geniuses and artists. But they are too insecure and picky, pessimistic and emotional. If you often respond negatively when encountering problems, you will easily fall into despair.

Development direction: People with melancholic temperament are suitable for scientific research, proofreading, typesetting, inspectors, embroidery, secretaries, art work, philosophical research, etc. It is best to avoid occupations that require frequent socializing and socializing. Don't be lonely, learn to cooperate with others and integrate into the group.

Extended information:

Other types:

1. Body shape theory

The body shape theory was developed by German psychiatrist Kretschmer ( E. Kretschmer) proposed. Based on clinical observations of mentally ill patients, he believed that people's temperament types could be divided according to body shape.

According to the characteristics of body shape, he divided people into three types, namely plump type, slender type, and muscular type.

For example, the plump type produces a manic temperament, and its behavioral tendencies are sociable, lively, enthusiastic, and approachable; the slender type produces a schizotypal temperament, and its behavioral tendencies are unsociable, withdrawn, neurotic, and polyamorous. Thinking, etc.; the muscle-bone type produces a clinging temperament, and its behavioral tendencies are obsession, seriousness, slow understanding, and impulsive behavior. He suggested that three body types were associated with the incidence of different mental illnesses.

American psychologist W.H. Sheldon believes that the embryonic leaf, the basic component of body shape, is closely related to human temperament. He divided temperament into three types based on the degree of development of the outer, middle and inner germ layers of the human body.

Endodermal type: plump and obese. Characteristics are that they want to be comfortable, like good food, sleep well, find easy things to do, are sociable, and have easy-going behavior.

Mesodermal type: muscular, strong, rectangular in shape. Characterized by being arbitrary, overconfident, physically strong, proactive, and aggressive.

Ectodermal type: tall and delicate, with weak constitution. Characterized by being good at self-control, having a special interest in art, and tending to intellectual activities, being sensitive and quick to respond. Enthusiastic and responsible at work, poor sleep, and prone to fatigue.

Although the body shape theory reveals some consistency between body shape and temperament, it does not explain the mechanism of the relationship between body shape and temperament. Whether body shape has a direct or indirect impact on temperament, the difference between the two is A joint relationship or a causal relationship. In addition, the research results are mainly obtained from patients rather than normal people, so they lack certain scientific validity.

2. Hormone theory

The hormone theory was proposed by physiologist Berman. He believes that people's temperament characteristics are closely related to the activity of endocrine glands. This theory divides people into thyroid type, pituitary type, adrenal secretion type, etc. based on which endocrine gland activity is dominant in the human body. For example, people with thyroid type are physically strong, sensitive, strong-willed, willful and subjective, and have excessive self-confidence; people with pituitary type are characterized by gentle temperament, meticulous tolerance, and strong self-control.

Modern physiological research has proven that from the perspective of neuronal fluid regulation, the impact of endocrine gland activity on temperament cannot be ignored. However, the hormone theory overemphasizes the importance of hormones, thereby neglecting the important influence of the nervous system, especially the activity characteristics of the advanced nervous system, on temperament, and is often one-sided.

3. Blood type theory

The blood type theory is the view of Japanese scholar Furukawa Takeji and others. They believe that temperament is determined by different blood types. Blood types include type A, type B, type AB, and type O. Correspondingly, temperament can also be divided into four types: type A, type B, type AB, and type O. Type A temperament is characterized by being gentle, honest and steady, suspicious, submissive, dependent on others, and emotionally impulsive. Type B temperament is characterized by being sensitive, calm, not shy, sociable, and nosy. AB type temperament is characterized by a mixture of the above two. O-type temperament is characterized by being strong-willed, competitive, domineering, likes to command others, courageous, and unwilling to suffer losses. This view needs to be verified.

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