"At the beginning of life, human nature is good." According to China's traditional morality, human nature is good, and everyone has a detached kind heart. Mencius said, "A loyal man is a heavenly man; Those who think sincerely, the way of people is also. " One of the personality foundations of China people is honesty. "Everyone's personality can only be based on the honesty of this kind nature, otherwise it will degenerate into an animal." Lu Xun, who was influenced by traditional culture since childhood, naturally accepted this traditional argument in his heart. He has a subconscious recognition of traditional morality, and he has been pursuing true absolute sincerity all his life. Xu Shoushang said that Lu Xun's "sincere and friendly attitude is always the same regardless of reading, doing things, treating others and making friends" and "sincerity is one of his personality cores." Lu Xun, with a keen eye, clearly saw the cruelty and hypocrisy of human nature in China. He pointed out that the biggest problem of China people is insincerity. During his study in Japan, Lu Xun translated a novel by Russian writer Andreev called Man. The novel exposes the hypocrisy of the world and expresses the hatred for "people" and the call for sincerity. Although Lu Xun, who studied in Japan, has already felt "sincere" loneliness and "rude" persistence, he is still a rebellious gesture. The entangled images of "sincerity" and "human" constantly collide in Mr. Wang's spiritual world and run through his life. In his later years, in the depths of his soul and thoughts, what thoughts did Lu Xun have in the collision between "man" and "honesty"?

main body

After entering the 1930s, Lu Xun showed an unprecedented twilight mentality. On the one hand, Lu Xun lost a lot of vitality in the gossip in his later years, on the other hand, he was attacked by diseases because of his old age and physical decline. The shocking word "death" frequently appears in Lu Xun's articles. Lu Xun knew very early what kind of torture he would die of-"It's not bad enough to die on the enemy's blade; It's sad to die in hidden weapons from nowhere. But the most tragic thing is that I died of the poison accidentally imported by my loving mother, the stray bullet thrown by my comrades, and the harmless invasion of germs. This is not my own death penalty. "In old age, the poison that the loving mother strayed into had already been solved by Xu Guangping, but the remaining two death sentences were getting closer and closer. Lu Xun was ill in his later years, his life was seriously threatened, and his physical pain also brought mental burden and torture. However, the spread of rumors further consumed Lu Xun's energy. ...

Attitude towards rumors

"There can be a knife in laughter, and people who claim to love peace will also have weapons that kill people without seeing blood, which is a rumor." Lu Xun lived in a chaotic era-catkin-like rumors can cause crazy killing and bloodshed. As early as 1925, Lu Xun said: "My life is not a calligrapher, a soldier of fortune or a bandit, nor a villain with a clear-cut flag: it is a so-called rumor." Lu Xun was hurt by rumors all his life. Whether academically, politically or even in life, all kinds of false rumors spread maliciously and harassed his body and mind. The shadow of rumors hung over Lu Xun's life, especially in the 1930s when political rumors emerged one after another. If academic rumors in life are insulting Lu Xun's personality and defaming his moral character, then political rumors are even more sinister. Political gossip is to slander Lu Xun as a sinner of the government and the nation, to create an excuse for the reactionary ruling forces to persecute him, and to kill him as soon as possible.

193 1 at the beginning of the year, Rou Shi, a writer of the left-wing writers, was arrested, and then rumors of "Lu Xun's arrest" appeared in newspapers. After the September 18th Incident, reactionary literati spread rumors that Lu Xun was a "pro-Japanese" traitor, "working as a detective for Japan" and "intending to betray the country". The rumors made by reactionary literati certainly made Lu Xun hate and dislike. And all kinds of gossip about him in the left-wing cultural team made Lu Xun even more angry and angry in his later years. Especially some young writers in the left wing even spread rumors and hurt Lu Xun's body and mind.

In a letter to a friend, he wrote: "Today's young people seem to be smarter than when we were young, and some of them are more interested in current interests. For a little profit, they really can't think of it. It's a long story, but I'm always like a wild animal. When I'm done, I'll go back to the grass and lick my blood. At most, I will groan. " It's just that I'm getting older, my energy is declining, and the world is getting deeper and deeper, so I'm gradually avoiding it. "In fact, as early as 1926, when Lu Xun was in Xiamen, he was very critical of literary youth." In recent years, I have known some young artists very well. In my experience, I think they are probably trying their best to make use of the services they can use. If they can blame, they will attack naturally. "It's just that slavery, blame and attack at that time have developed to the extent of self-attack and unexpected in the 1930s. In the left-wing cultural team, all kinds of rumors against Lu Xun have come and gone. There are rumors that Lu Xun didn't write articles and do things in recent years, which made him very angry and disgusted, as well as various offensive words from Zhou Yang and others.

Second, the collision between "people" and "honesty"

The injury from "friendly forces" is the most painful thing for Lu Xun. "It's even sadder to see people who call me' fellow villagers' in person secretly treat me like a puppet or shoot me from behind than to be hurt by the enemy." "The enemy lacks fear, and the most chilling and frustrating thing is the backstabbing of friendly forces; After the injury, the same camp smiled happily. " The grief, disappointment and helplessness revealed here are hard to see. 1935 in a letter to a friend, he cited several examples of "comrades-in-arms" hitting him from behind, and then said, "Make up your mind to avoid it." 1936 In May, he wrote the same letter, first saying that he was besieged, and then lamenting that he often wanted to rest. Lu Xun was tired of sincerity all his life, and his belief in "sincerity" has been suffering from "rudeness" Now he wants to have a rest.

In the 1920s, Lu Xun realized the limitations of honesty, and his introspection and doubt about society finally reached its peak in his later years. 1936, eight months before Lu Xun's death, wrote, "If my 80-year-old mother asked me if there was a kingdom of heaven, I would probably answer yes without hesitation." This is very different from the "I" in "Blessing" when asked by Sister Xianglin. If Lu Xun in the1920s was still in the confusion of "honesty" and "roughness", then Lu Xun's psychological balance in his later years seemed to tend to be "roughness". More than ten years ago, Lu Xun could not choose between deception and truth. After more than ten years of pain, his expression was vague-like revenge, anger and epiphany-and he chose "."before the end of his life. The world is full of people who live comfortably in "people". "Bored people are willing to be deceived and satisfied with deceiving themselves, otherwise they will be more bored ... so exposing darkness is not only hated by the deceived, but also hated by the deceived." Seeking the truth is a thankless thing, and it is not a person inside and outside. Why protect an ethereal "true heart" to get hurt? Why not use "."as a weapon of self-defense. It seems that a conclusion can be drawn-in Lu Xun's spiritual world, in the sincere confrontation with others, people won.

But we still have to take into account the fact that if Lu Xun was too immature and kind-hearted to accept the hypocrisy of this world when his family was despised by relatives and villagers in his early years, then why did he suffer from "……" in his later years, after he confessed that "I never dared to guess China people with the worst malice" and emphasized that his thoughts were too dark? Did Lu Xun realize the hypocrisy of the world but didn't plan ahead? Liu Xiaofeng said that Lu Xun was "credulous". "Good credulity" is the opposite of "the power of deception". Lu Xun never learned how to cheat in his life, but he is still easy to believe, although he has a remarkable "suspicious" character. After accepting a painful practical lesson, he still underestimated the meanness, selfishness and deception of his enemies and even his friends. "Playing by myself" and "I want to deceive people" are the psychological manifestations of Lu Xun's being at a loss and seeking a way out when he is depressed. Lu Xun didn't announce that he would learn hypocrisy, treachery and deception, he just realized the power of hypocrisy.

Can push themselves forward, can protect themselves from or less hurt. He just understood a truth: in the real situation, good and evil are difficult to argue, and honesty and integrity are mixed. As when I was young, it was foolish to absolutely oppose honesty and men. There are many intermediate forms between them.

"If sincerity is to avoid being cunning to others by being loyal to oneself, we will find that people can't reach this state of existence without their best efforts." We can even say that there is no absolute "sincerity" in this world. We can see the shadow of "sincerity" from "people". Because "sincerity" is highly sanctified, it will inevitably lead to its virtualization. "Man" has a more realistic body, which is intertwined with "sincerity" and is everywhere. "People" can be insidious, can also save the day, and can even be extradited to the other side of "sincerity".

conclusion

This paper only makes a general analysis of Lu Xun's ideological characteristics in his later years, especially his attitude towards rumors and honesty, so as to analyze Lu Xun's thoughts in his later years and explain some characteristics of his inner world. But compared with Lu Xun, who has profound thoughts, I am so small and humble that I can't draw a conclusion about Mr. Lu Xun's thoughts. But I love Lu Xun's literary works and admire him very much. More importantly, it helps to improve my understanding of Mr Lu Xun.

I hope it helps you!