(1) Flattery refers to hypocritical words that sound good on the surface. Benevolence refers to kindness, benevolence and character. The original text refers to people who love to say false things on the surface. Without kindness, they won't have much kindness and their personality is not so good. This directly equates hypocritical words with kindness, kindness and character. How many people have never lied since ancient times? Aren't people who love to tell lies kind and unkind? Bad character? People who tell the truth all their lives are kind and virtuous, with good character? This is obviously irrelevant, but it is linked by the word "saint". Say nice and hypocritical words, that is the need of work! It is the need of life! ! Everyone loves lies! ! !

(2)

original text

2. 1 Confucius said: "Governing by virtue (1), such as Beichen (2) living in his place (3) and the stars ***(4)."

To annotate ...

(1) Governing the country by virtue: the meaning of "using". This sentence means that the ruler should rule the country by virtue, that is, "rule the country by virtue."

(2) Beichen: Polaris.

(3) location: location, location.

(4)***: the meaning of the same arch and the same circumference.

translate

Confucius said: "(Zhou Jun) ruling the country by virtue will be like the North Star in a certain place, surrounded by stars."

(3) the original text:

Confucius said: A gentleman is neither heavy nor arrogant, and his learning is not solid. He is loyal and reliable. A man without friends is worse than himself. If he crosses, he won't be afraid of change.

If a gentleman's behavior is not solemn, he will have no dignity, his attitude will not be solemn, and his knowledge will not be consolidated. Being a man is mainly about loyalty and trustworthiness. Don't make friends with people who are inferior to yourself. If you make a mistake, don't be afraid to correct it.

(4)

Don't worry that others don't know yourself, just worry that you don't know others.

The sentence pattern is negative preposition object. "I don't know myself" means "I don't know myself"

(5)

translate

A son said: "As a person, if he can honor his parents and love his younger brother, then his heart will be harmonious and happy." . Such people rarely commit crimes without restraint; A person who is not easy to offend, let alone say that he will do rebellious and disorderly things.

When a gentleman is committed to the fundamental things, the truth of governing the country and being a man is established. Filial piety is the essence of benevolence! "