● Yanmenguan Yanmenguan, also known as Xiqiaoguan, is located on the mountainside of Yanmen, 20 kilometers northwest of Daixian County, Shanxi Province. It is one of the key points of the Great Wall, guarding the north-south transportation hub of Shanxi. Here, the east and west are steep, the middle road is winding and rugged, and the nearby peaks are staggered and dangerous, which is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, it has been called sentence note plug, and since the Tang Dynasty, it has been called Yanmenguan. In the seventh year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1374), Hou Luheng of Ji 'an moved several miles north to build a new site around Yanmenguan. There are three closed gates, including Jingbian Temple built in Ming Dynasty, which is dedicated to Li Mu, a good general of Zhao who guarded Xiongguan during the Warring States Period. In addition to the city, Yanmenguan has 3 large stone walls, 25 small stone walls and 18 pass, which constitutes a very strict defense system. Yanmenguan is the biggest of the "three customs". Ning Wuguan Ningwu Pass was built in the third year of Ming Chenghua (1467). In today's Ningwu County, it is an important pass on the Great Wall of Wan Li, with dangerous terrain. In the eleventh year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1498), the city expanded to Qili. In the thirty-fourth year of Wanli (1606), the city wall was bricked with a circumference of 3567 meters. Drum Tower in the city is a representative building in Ning Wuguan. The surrounding beacon towers stand tall and magnificent. Ning Wuguan is one of the famous "three passes" (Pianguan, Yanmen and Ning Wuguan) in Shaanxi in history. ● Piantougou Piantouguan is located at the turning point where the Yellow River flows into the south of Shanxi Province. Together with Ning Wuguan and Yanmenguan, it is called "Three Pass". Because of the dangerous terrain, it is named Piantouguan. Pianguan belonged to Yanmen in Qin and Han Dynasties, ant in Sui Dynasty and Tang Long Town in Tang Dynasty. The famous Wei Chijingde built the Kowloon Temple in Kanto. In the Song Dynasty, Wei Zhen's three passes (including Pianguan) and Yang fought in the battlefield were well known. Now Guancheng was rebuilt during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. The Qing dynasty changed the county, which belonged to Ningwu House and governed four walls. ● Pingxingguan Pingxingguan is located in the east of Yanmenguan, under Pingxingling at the junction of northeast Fan Shi and Lingqiu County. In ancient times, it was called Bottle Village, which was named after the surrounding terrain like bottles. Jin is a bottle-shaped town, which was called Lingguan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and later renamed. Historically, it has long been a place where troops are stationed. Ming is an important pass of the Inner Great Wall. In the sixth year of Zheng De (15 1 1), Lingkou Castle was built, and it was rebuilt in the twenty-fourth year of Jiajing and the ninth year of Wanli. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese army fought near Pingxingguan, which effectively dealt a blow to the arrogance of the Japanese invaders and won the first victory, inspiring the confidence of the military and civilians in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. ● Yumenguan Yumenguan is commonly known as Xiaofangcheng. According to legend, Hetian Meiyu was named after it was introduced into the Central Plains. Yumenguan, located about 90 kilometers northwest of Dunhuang, was built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the road from Anxi to Hami, an important town in the eastern Xinjiang, has become increasingly important, and the site has moved eastward to the vicinity of Shuangta Fort in Anxi. After the Song Dynasty, the traffic between China and western Lu Dao declined gradually, so it was abandoned. Today, there is still a square castle in the original site of Yumenguan, which was rammed with loess and completely restored. It is 24 meters long from east to west, 26 meters wide from north to south and 9.7 meters high. There is a gate in the west and a gate in the north, with a total area of more than 63O square meters. Yumenguan Pass is one of the two passes in the western border of Han Dynasty, and it is the only pass where the ancient Silk Road left Dunhuang in the west and entered the northern and middle roads of the western regions. Since ancient times, it has been the gateway for the Central Plains to enter the Western Regions. Wang Zhihuan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a famous sentence in Liangzhou Ci: "Why blame Liu for the flute?". "Spring breeze is nothing but Yumenguan", so Yumenguan is famous for it. ● Yangguan Yangguan is located in Nanhu Township, 70 kilometers southwest of Dunhuang City. Because it is south of Yumenguan, it is named Yangguan. Yangguan was built in Ding Yuan, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for three years (BC 1 14), with a history of more than 2,000 years. Opening up Hexi for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is one of the two passes of "listing four counties, according to two passes". Yangguan has been the gateway to the western border since ancient times, and it is the only way for the Silk Road to leave Dunhuang in the west and pass through the southern line of the western regions. Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote: "Weicheng is light dust in rainy city, and the guest house is green and willow." Advise you to drink a glass of wine, and there is no reason for people to go out of Xiyangguan, making Yangguan famous forever. ● Raven Stork Pass The Raven Stork Pass is located nearly a hundred miles southwest of Xinbin County, Liaoning Province, and is an important pass in Liaodong Town of the Ming Great Wall. It was built by Han Bin, the deputy general of Liaoyang in the fourth year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1468). It was also called "Three Island Pass" because it was closed for three times. Toudaoguan is 0.5 km south of Sandaoguan Village, Weiziyu Township, Xinbin County, and Guancheng is built on the ridges on both sides. The existing ruins wall is 3 meters high and 7 meters wide, and is made of square stones and rammed earth. Erdaoguan is located in the valley where two cliffs confront each other, with masonry as the barrier. The first Mishima Pass is located next to a huge rock protruding from the ground, about 30 meters high. On the east and west sides of this pass are continuous mountains with overlapping peaks, but there is a steep mountain pass here that can connect the north and the south. In Ming Dynasty, the crow stork pass was the main passage from Liaodong Town to Jianzhouwei, and it was also the only way for North Korean envoys to pay tribute. ● Zijingguan Zijingguan is located 45 kilometers northwest of Yixian County, Hebei Province, and is named after Guancheng's residence on Amethyst. Wan Ren is in the east of Guangdong, and rhinoceros mountain is in the west. Juma River is located in the north of the Great Wall, with overlapping peaks and barriers, and is one of the three towns of the Great Wall. Zijingguan is one of the hundreds of steep passes of the oldest Great Wall, which occupies an important position in the history of ancient China war. The record of Zijingguan was first found in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, which was then called "Five Ruan Pass" and was one of the nine famous passes in the world. ● Jingxingguan Jingxingguan is located at the mouth of Taihang Mountain in the west of Jingxing County, Hebei Province, hence the name. The ancients said that the land was high on all sides and low as a well in the middle, so it was called Jingxing. Jingxing is a narrow place in Taihang Mountain, and it is called one of the nine largest blockages in the world in Lv Chunqiu and Huainanzi. At first, the Han Dynasty set up a pass here called Shiyan Pass. Together with Huguan and Tianjingguan in the south, it is called "Shangdang Three Passes". Later, it was renamed Tumen Pass. It was called Tumen Pass or Jingxing Pass after the Tang Dynasty, and Jingxing Pass in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. ● Niangziguan Niangziguan is located at the entrance of Jingxing Mountain on the west side of Taihang Mountain, on Mianshan Mountain in the northeast of Pingding County, Shanxi Province, bordering Hebei Province, and is the throat of entering and leaving Shanxi. Formerly known as Weizeguan, it was named after the establishment of Weizeguan County here during the reign of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty. Later, Tang Gaozu's third daughter, Princess Pingyang, led tens of thousands of troops stationed here. At that time, it was called "Niangziguan", so this pass was renamed Niangziguan, which was an important fortress. As early as the Warring States period, it was a pass of the Great Wall built by Sun Yat-sen.. Princess Pingyang was stationed in Chengtian Army in Tang Dynasty, and Chengtian Army City was built in Dali. Chengtian Village was built in Song Dynasty, and Chengtian Town was built in Ming Dynasty, also known as Niangziguan. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, due to frequent border incidents, the castle was rebuilt in the 21st year (1542), which is the Guancheng seen today, and it was guarded by special personnel. There was a "solid customs camp" in the Qing Dynasty, and the general manager was stationed alone. Because this pass is located at the southern end of the "Neisanguan Great Wall" inside the Great Wall of Wan Li, it is called the ninth pass of the Great Wall of Wan Li among the people. ● Dasanguan Dasanguan is located at the northern foot of Qinling Mountain, more than 20 kilometers south of Baoji City. It is located in the Three Mausoleums of Nanda, Baoji County, Shaanxi Province. It has been the "throat of Sichuan and Shaanxi" since ancient times and is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. The Big Three Pass, also known as the Three Pass, is one of the four passes in Guanzhong, and it is the pass that the Zhou Dynasty scattered all over the country, hence its name. In the Song Dynasty, the nomads from the army went south and invaded Shaanxi and Sichuan. In the Song Dynasty, Wu and his brothers gathered troops, seized the danger and held on, and defeated the repeated attacks of the nomads from the army. Juyongguan Juyongguan is one of the most famous Xiongguan in the Great Wall of Wan Li, and its unique geographical position has been a barrier to the northwest of Beijing since ancient times. Juyongguan was built in the famous "Guan Gou" in Gyeonggi. The name of Juyong country, according to the records of Yuan Dynasty, was named after Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall. Among the famous Eight Dragons in Taihang Mountain, Juyongguan ranks eighth, which is the military capital of the mountain. In the long years, Juyongguan has been an important military defense center, but its name has changed many times. In the Three Kingdoms, it was called Xiguan, in the Northern Qi Dynasty it was changed to Nakuan Pass, in the Tang Dynasty it was first called Jimen Pass, and later it was changed to Jundu Pass. From the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties after the Liao Dynasty to the present, it has been called Juyongguan. ● Jinsheng Guan Sheng Jinguan, located 30km east of Zhongwei County, Ningxia, is one of the important passes of Ningxia Town in the Ming Great Wall. Shengjinguan was built by general Han Yu in the first year of Hongzhi (A.D. 1488). It was named after it passed through Jinmen and moved to Tongguan. In Shengjinguan area, although the mountain is not very steep, it unexpectedly protrudes a corner to the south and reaches the north bank of the Yellow River. There is only a narrow road between the mountains and rivers, which can lead to the future. This geographical situation, which is difficult to adjust, has improved the military status of Shengjinguan, and has been regarded as an important gateway to control Ningxia Plain by military strategists in past dynasties. ● Nanjinguan Nanjinguan is located at the east entrance of the Three Gorges and is the end of Xiling Gorge. Together with Kuimen at the entrance of Qutangxia, it is the first and second natural gateway of the Three Gorges. The two sides of Guanzhou River are towering into the sky, with strange peaks and strange valleys, and the river surface is narrow, which has become the natural dividing line between the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Known as "Xiongguan Shudao, Weijingmen", it has always been a battleground for military strategists. ● Friendship Pass Friendship Pass is located in a dangerous depression between the two mountains on the Sino-Vietnamese border, with a distance of Pingxiang City 18km and Vietnam 16km, which is the throat of Sino-Vietnamese traffic. Friendship Pass was built in Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty. The building is a three-story pavilion building with a height of 22 meters. All previous dynasties were the strategic pass of China's southern border defense. 1885, Feng Zicai, a famous soldier of the Qing army, led his army to defeat the French invaders here, and achieved a great victory in Zhennan, which attracted worldwide attention. 1907, the Zhennanguan Uprising led by Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing will go down in history forever. In 1950s, with the approval of Premier Zhou, it was renamed Munanguan. Later, in order to show the profound friendship between the Chinese and Vietnamese people, it was renamed "Friendship Pass". Friendship Pass is known as "the second pass in the world" and is one of the nine famous passes in China.

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