Writing originates from life situations, and works can also reflect things in life. In the process of guiding students to create compositions, primary school Chinese teachers should guide students to care about national events so as to create good works. Articles that can adapt to the development of the times. Below is the method I compiled for you about the accumulation of primary school Chinese composition materials. I hope it will be helpful to you. Welcome everyone to read and study!
1. Methods for accumulating materials for primary school Chinese compositions
1. Based on the actual life, enrich the content of writing
The foundation of writing and the source of cooperation It is life. This is what we have summarized in our long life. Even Mr. Ye Shengtao once said, "Life is like a source, articles are like streams, the sources are rich but not exhausted, and the streams flow naturally and lively." .
Therefore, when primary school Chinese teachers guide students in writing training, they should let students touch life with their heart and feel the breath of life, so as to enrich their creative content based on life practice, as Writing is a life that is an inexhaustible source of creation. When students are creating, they must understand and apply the things and situations in life, and they must be more aware of life with the help and guidance of teachers. Love and observe our daily life, learn to feel life with heart, and integrate life and writing, allowing students to observe and experience the people and things around them, go deep into life, and get close to life, so that they can create high-quality compositions.
This can effectively enrich the content of your own writing articles.
Writing originates from life situations, and works can also reflect things in life. In the process of guiding students to create compositions, primary school Chinese teachers should guide students to care about national events so as to create good works. Articles that can adapt to the development of the times. The world we live in is constantly progressing every day, and the economy, science and technology, politics, national defense and other aspects are constantly changing and developing. In the process of creation, we must apply these current affairs and politics to reflect the characteristics of the development of the times.
For example, teachers can apply these social hot topics in the process of guiding students to write, such as the successful launch of my country's Shenzhou 7, the hosting of the Olympic Games, the establishment of the Left-behind Children's Fund, and the gradual pollution of the environment. Students express their emotions and elaborate on their opinions and views when creating, effectively enriching the content of the article.
2. Guide students to extracurricular reading and expand students’ knowledge horizons
The accumulation of students’ writing materials can also be completed through extracurricular reading, which is an important part of Chinese teaching. , it is clearly stated in the Chinese teaching syllabus that students should be guided to conduct extensive reading and scientifically extend and develop in-class knowledge.
Therefore, in the process of organizing students' writing training, primary school Chinese teachers should guide students to read extensively extracurricular books and cultivate students' good extracurricular reading habits, so as to improve students' reading ability. By broadening their horizons, extracurricular reading can enrich students' knowledge and cultivate their comprehensive abilities. Students' after-school life will also be enriched to a certain extent. Students can maintain a happy mood to create compositions and thus write High quality article.
In the process of guiding students to carry out extracurricular reading, teachers should also pay special attention to allowing students to make reasonable book choices. There are a wide variety of extracurricular books to choose from. Primary school students have poor self-control ability, and not all All books are suitable for students to read. Some books cannot increase students' reading volume, but can instead lead students astray. Therefore, teachers should guide students to choose extracurricular books that are suitable for them to read based on their actual situation.
For example, after studying the lesson "Hurry" by Mr. Zhu Ziqing, you can recommend another work "Back View" by Mr. Zhu Ziqing for students to read, or let students read "Three Kingdoms" "The Romance" can be read to deepen the understanding of "The Straw Boat Borrowing Arrows". By reading scientifically and rationally, students can expand their knowledge.
3. Encourage students to innovate and give full play to their creativity
The concept and guiding ideology of educational reform is the so-called innovation. In the current stage of educational work, teachers must innovate. Through it, we guide students to create novel themes in the process of learning composition creation, elaborate on unique ideas and viewpoints, and be able to express a theme in different ways of expression. This is what we often call innovation, "the most outstanding The artistic skill is imagination." This sentence was once said by Hegel.
In the process of organizing classroom teaching, teachers should guide students to boldly imagine and describe unique things through imagination, so that they can write unique compositions. Teachers should guide students to make bold guesses. To develop their own thinking ability, students should be good at exploring their own learning ideas through learning, so as to cultivate their own association ability. Students can create with unique thinking in the writing process, which is what we require in teaching activities. ideal goal.
Teachers can make associations based on pictures by looking at them. Teachers can provide some specific materials and scenarios in classroom activities so that students can learn in a relaxed and pleasant learning environment. In such a learning atmosphere, students' creative consciousness will also be effectively stimulated.
Teachers can also stimulate students’ sense of innovation by continuing stories. Teachers first teach half of the story, allowing students to imagine and write the rest of the story based on the existing storyline. , students can participate actively and develop their own thinking space.
For example, the teacher can draw a circle on the blackboard and let the students imagine through observation and think about what the thing drawn on the blackboard is. Some students will say it is a balloon, and some will say it is a balloon. , through such conjectures, students' imagination will be stimulated.
2 Methods for accumulating materials for primary school Chinese compositions
(1) Learn to observe and practice writing frequently
1. Focus on the small and keep a class diary. For primary school students, it is not enough to just emphasize the need to be "good at observation". Teachers must also consciously point out the things to be observed and the specific methods and steps of observation. For those students who have not yet developed the habit of observation, teachers should guide them step by step so that they can focus on small things and gradually learn to observe.
Improvement of writing ability does not happen overnight. Therefore, in the fourth grade, we have launched a "Class Diary" activity to encourage each student to record recent events in the class. At the same time, they can also express their own feelings, interesting things, questions, and worries, and share them with other students.
I don’t have high requirements for the quality of the diary itself. It can be anything that the students feel and observe.
Even if it’s just a sentence, a paragraph, an essay, a moment of emotion or anger... I will give you encouragement and support. So, gradually, I saw an increasingly colorful world in my diary.
“Today we had a physical examination, and the teacher asked us to secretly select a classmate in the class to observe. I chose Li Sijia. He usually said that I was lazy in physical education class, but this time I wanted to take a look. How brave is he!
It was Li Sijia's turn to draw blood. He was slowly rolling up his sleeves, his face turned pale, his lips were trembling slightly, and he looked at the teacher as if he was about to cry. , the body twisted to one side... Haha, you should really see my expression at that time, it is definitely no less than Columbus's discovery of the American continent!
On the way to school, I saw the little flowers blooming on the roadside, teacher Tell us that it is the winter jasmine.
After school, I observed carefully and found that there are two types of winter jasmine flowers: white and yellow. Each one has many stems, stretching out in all directions, and each stem is full of flowers. The teacher said this is the earliest flower to bloom in spring. I thought: Spring must be coming soon.
On Saturday, Xu Lu, Gong Yi, and Yimei and I went to the swimming pool to swim. As soon as we arrived at school on Monday, Chen Siliang asked us how we spent our weekend. After learning that we went to the swimming pool together, he said: 'It's nothing special. I don't like swimming at all. 'But I know that even though he said this, he was actually very envious in his heart!"
The form of "class diary" can promote students' enthusiasm for mutual learning and mutual review more than individual diaries. Thereby mobilizing the enthusiasm for writing. When the quantity and quality of writing reached a certain level, I turned the students' observation sight from the class to outside the campus. As a result, the protagonists in the class diary gradually changed from classmates and teachers to traffic police, waiters, and flyovers. Buskers, airline pilots, etc.
Children’s eyes are sometimes sharper and more unique than adults. Once their horizons are opened, the things they embrace will become more and more real and close to life. It is original, natural and vivid when read. Teachers can organize "small pen practice" activities in a planned way and give appropriate guidance, so that they can naturally cultivate students' observation ability, stimulate students' interest in composition, and improve students' composition level.
2. Read thoroughly and take reading notes. In composition, you must not only have good materials, but also have good expressions. Reading can not only expand students' horizons and knowledge, but also allow students to understand something. Basic scientific knowledge and common sense of life can also help students accumulate vocabulary and enrich expression methods.
The characteristic of primary school students is that they are often very interested in reading, but their ability to capture information is very weak, and they can remember quickly. , they are forgotten quickly. Therefore, it is particularly important to cultivate the habit of taking reading notes among primary school students. Of course, based on the age characteristics and cognitive level of primary school students, the requirements for reading notes should not be too difficult, but what books should be read and what should be recorded. The content and how to classify it all require detailed arrangements by the teacher.
Generally, I classify the content of reading notes into the following categories:
(1) Vocabulary accumulation. , beautiful, charming, picturesque... It would be better if you can excerpt the corresponding paragraphs or recite the corresponding articles.
(2) The accumulation of things is put in one category, and the descriptions of people are put in one category. Put it in one category.
(3) Quotes and aphorisms.
(5) Common sense accumulation. Report or listen to the news to record. For example, in the 2004 Athens Olympics, Chinese athletes achieved their best results in history, winning 32 gold medals and ranking second in the gold medal list.
( 6) Book records. Record the books you have read and simple reflections.
There is generally no rigid time limit for reading notes. Too many requirements can easily be burdensome and counterproductive. Students are generally encouraged to learn from each other and copy each other. Read, compare who has accumulated the most, and strive to stimulate students' interest and interest in accumulating knowledge based on their own curiosity.
(2) Make full use of Chinese teaching materials
Chinese teaching materials and Chinese language learning is closely related, but it is often overlooked in learning. Effective use of Chinese teaching materials to accumulate composition materials is both convenient and practical.
First of all, the selected texts in the textbooks are all carefully selected excellent essays, which are more standardized in language, text and content and suitable for children to read. Therefore, reciting and excerpting texts and passages from textbooks are of great benefit to children's vocabulary accumulation.
Secondly, the texts in the textbooks have been explained by teachers. Students have a better grasp of the content and ideological connotation of the texts. On this basis, they can rewrite, imitate, continue or rewrite the existing texts. Writing reflections and comments after reading not only turns the teaching materials into materials, but also cultivates students' ability to associate and think, and trains students' creative thinking.
(3) Create situations and accumulate materials
Literature is a unique expression of self-emotion, and it is the revelation, pouring and venting of the author's feelings. "Preface to Mao's Poems" writes: "Emotions are moved in the mind and are expressed in words. When words are insufficient, we sigh, and when we sigh, we sing forever." It can be seen that when students are in a certain situation or atmosphere, it is often easier to Feel something, be touched, and have the desire to express. The Soviet educator Zankov once said: "Only in an atmosphere where students' emotional climax is constantly demanding improvement and wanting to express their own unique ideas, can the thoughts, feelings and words that make children's compositions rich and colorful can be produced. . ”
Therefore, teachers should be good at creating composition situations. In most cases, composition materials are not readily available, but are created by teachers through careful design, clever layout, and step-by-step instructions.
1. Play games and open up the limitations of thinking. At the primary school level, students are most willing to accept game-based teaching. Through intuitive teaching methods and a lively and relaxed learning atmosphere, students can often participate enthusiastically and unknowingly open up the limitations of their thinking, thus changing the patterning of composition content.
For students in the first and second stages of schooling, since composition has just begun, it is appropriate to use relatively simple games to introduce composition teaching. For example, observe and describe a student in the class, capture its main characteristics, and then ask everyone to guess. The person who is guessed first indicates that the observation is the most successful.
In this simple game, students easily completed the description of the character's appearance and learned how to write a composition that captures the main characteristics. Another example is to observe and describe people in certain professions and let everyone guess, such as the following example of a fourth grade student.
He always wears dark green work clothes, rides a bicycle, and arrives at the school's communication room at the same time every morning. As soon as he arrived at his destination, he quickly parked the car, then took out a stack of letters and newspapers from a big green bag beside the rear wheel of the car, quickly placed them at the door of the communication room, then got on his bicycle and flew away. generally disappeared.
There are many ways to teach games. Some teachers use traditional games to teach composition, such as touching the nose, idioms and solitaire. Although the games are very old, students never tire of playing them. Some teachers also use performance and creative games to achieve good results. Sometimes there is no connection between games and teaching itself, but only as composition materials. Sometimes games stimulate students' thinking, help students think and perceive from different angles, and become part of composition teaching.
In the game, students will no longer feel that composition is a painful thing. After experiencing the whole process of the activity, students have their own personal feelings. Of course, they have something to say and feel. Can be sent. Game activities not only provide students with vivid composition materials, but also enhance the fun of composition.
2. Audio composition opens the door to association. The accumulation of composition materials not only relies on language and words, but also requires mobilizing various senses to comprehend and associate. Once students open up the space of association and gain synaesthesia from here to there, they will invisibly expand the number of composition materials, and the connotation and depth of the composition will also increase.
In teaching, I drew on the teaching design of Ningbo teacher Yang Lin and conducted a sound composition training for the students, which achieved very good results. Through the sound effects of wind and rain, lightning and thunder, students can think of scenes of swaying branches and dancing leaves, and then think of those characters and pictures that are indomitable in the wind and rain, and finally realize the beautiful realm of "the sun is always after the wind and rain" .
The success of audio composition means that composition materials can be developed from multiple angles. Since sound can guide students' associations, taste and touch can also open another door for students and develop a larger space for composition. The training from speaking to writing and the practice from pictures to words in the first and second grades are good examples.
3. Get out of the classroom and open up natural space. Compositions should draw nutrients from life.
Try to get out of the classroom and let students walk into nature and society under the purposeful and step-by-step guidance of teachers, and find composition materials in nature and social life.
We conducted a planned interview with teachers in our school in the fifth grade. In advance, let students find the target of the interview, make an appointment for the interview, then prepare the questions to be interviewed, and then bring the tape recorder, pen and notebook to start the interview. Students showed strong interest in such activities, and many questions were set in a straightforward and lively manner.
Through this form, teachers and students have sincere communication and understanding, and their feelings for each other are enhanced on the basis of understanding.
After the interview, the relationship between teachers and students became more harmonious. The students seemed to have grown up a lot suddenly. Many students said with emotion from the bottom of their hearts: The teachers turned out to be very hard-working, and they really worked for us. OK So, everyone voluntarily wrote the interview composition. In the composition, what I deeply felt was the simplicity, frankness, sincerity and touchingness, which is very different from the past "lie" compositions that arranged stories and fabricated emotions.
Some students wrote poems about their interview feelings. The language was simple and appropriate, and paired with a soothing music, it achieved a deeply touching effect.
When the first snow of winter comes to Beijing, most of the students are eager to try in the classroom and want to fly out of the classroom and roll in the snow. External interference is most likely to divert the attention of primary school students. In this case, simply have an extracurricular study, arrange the observation content, divide the study groups into good groups, and carry out a snow documentary. Teachers face this kind of embarrassment almost every year for those "firsts."
This time, we simply took advantage of such "accidents" and turned them into resources for material accumulation. Learning at the primary school level is a combination of learning and play. Students obtain composition materials through play and capture the inspiration for composition.
(4) Looking for resources in other disciplines
Just as the study of Chinese cannot be isolated, the accumulation of composition materials should not be limited to literature itself. Composition is the written language used by people to communicate. Therefore, it must intersect and integrate with various disciplines. At the primary school level, the knowledge of various subjects is integrated and closely connected with each other. For example, making a New Year's greeting card and writing a blessing on it, or writing a composition on environmental protection topics, or a science fiction exercise, etc., requires the use of knowledge from both art and science.
Written symbols like music and mathematics often inspire Chinese teachers and are used to train students’ imagination and teach composition. Not to mention labor classes, various paper-cutting and small-scale productions have always been the favorites of primary school students, and this kind of hands-on practice is the best material for composition. The following is the record of third-grade primary school students after labor class. It is also a very good explanatory article.
3 Methods for accumulating materials for primary school Chinese compositions
1. Focus on small things and keep a class diary.
For primary school students, it is not enough to just emphasize the need to be "good at observation". Teachers must also consciously point out the things to be observed and the specific methods and steps of observation. For those students who have not yet developed the habit of observation, teachers should guide them step by step so that they can focus on small things and gradually learn to observe.
Improvement of writing ability does not happen overnight. Encourage each student to record recent major and minor events in the class. They can also express their own feelings, interesting stories, questions, and worries, and share them with other students. It can be whatever the students feel or observe. Even if it's just a sentence, a paragraph, an essay, a moment of emotion or anger... I'll give you encouragement and support. Gradually, an increasingly colorful world will appear in children's diaries.
Compared with individual diaries, the form of "class diary" can promote students' enthusiasm for mutual learning and mutual review, thereby mobilizing enthusiasm for writing. When the quantity and quality of essays reach a certain level, students can turn their attention from the class to outside the campus. As a result, the protagonists in the class diary gradually change from classmates and teachers to traffic police, waiters, buskers on overpasses, and airlines. Pilots and more.
Children’s eyes are sometimes sharper and more unique than adults. Once their horizons are opened, the things they embrace will become more and more real and close to the original flavor of life. Reading will naturally become real and vivid. vivid. Teachers and parents should organize "little pen practice" activities in a planned way and give appropriate guidance, so that they can naturally cultivate students' observation ability, stimulate students' interest in composition, and improve students' composition level.
2. Read thoroughly and take reading notes.
In composition, you must not only have good materials, but also have a good way of expression. Reading can not only expand students' horizons and knowledge, let students understand some basic scientific knowledge and common sense of life, but also help students accumulate vocabulary and enrich their expression methods.
The characteristic of primary school students’ reading is that they are often very interested in reading but have a weak ability to capture information. They remember it quickly at the time but forget it in the blink of an eye. Therefore, it is particularly important to cultivate the habit of taking reading notes among primary school students. Of course, based on the age characteristics and cognitive level of primary school students, the requirements for reading notes should not be too difficult, but what books to read, what content to record, and how to classify them all require detailed arrangements by the teacher.
Generally, the contents of reading notes are classified into the following categories: (1) Vocabulary accumulation. Such as beautiful, breathtaking, charming, picturesque... It would be better if you can excerpt the corresponding paragraph or recite the corresponding article. (2) Accumulation of things. For example, those describing plants are placed in one category, and those describing people are placed in another category. (3) Famous aphorisms. (4) Poetry excerpts. (5) Accumulation of common sense. This item is mainly recorded by reading newspapers or listening to the news. (6) Book records. Record the books you read and simple thoughts.
Generally, there are no rigid time requirements for reading notes. Excessive requirements can easily burden students and be counterproductive. Students are generally encouraged to learn from each other, copy each other, and compare who has accumulated the most, striving to stimulate students' pleasure and interest in accumulating knowledge based on their own thirst for knowledge.
4 Methods for Accumulating Materials for Primary School Chinese Compositions
1. Real life, an inexhaustible source of composition materials
“For our eyes, it is not a lack of beauty, but a lack of beauty. It is the discovery of beauty that is lacking. "The author often tells my students: "Life is a kaleidoscope. There are materials everywhere in life. The key lies in whether you have a pair of eyes that are good at observation, whether you have a careful and spiritual heart, and countless little things in life. , campus stories, etc. are the source of our composition materials. Finding themes from life can solve students' "food without rice".
Secondly, pay attention to the rural nostalgia and understand the folk customs of each village. Every family and every villager has their own story. Rural people have deep feelings and are very hospitable, so it is common for them to visit each other.
We let students be "little reporters" and visit every household. , the follow-up diaries and the stories around them are good materials for the young author's composition. The etiquette of weddings and funerals in rural areas, and the traditional festivals in hometowns: Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, and Qingming Festival should be different from those in cities. Guide students to understand and find out the characteristics, which can make the ordinary materials more profound. For example, "Tomb Sweeping" written by a classmate reflects the local custom of worshiping ancestors during the Qingming Festival, which is described in the article. When the author followed his father to visit the tomb, he stole a few dumplings as sacrifices while his father was burning paper. However, his father found out. He glanced at the bowl and said, "Why are there less dumplings?" I said, "Let the ancestors eat." . "Dad smiled and poked my forehead: "Let the kid eat it!" The language is humorous and reflects the attitudes of two generations towards these traditional customs.
Experience the joys and sorrows of rural life again, and taste it The great principles of life. Guide students to truly experience life, actively participate in production work during holidays, take the initiative to undertake housework, and accumulate rich life experiences. Guide students to write diaries and talk about their feelings, so that students’ homework will no longer be “dry”. But "full".
2. Chinese texts, endless treasures of composition materials
When our eyes only look for the scenery in front, we don’t know that the scenery around us is very charming. For those who have a poor accumulation of composition materials, For students, the textbooks in their hands are nothing short of a treasure trove. The selected texts in the textbooks are all excellent essays that have been carefully selected. It can be said that every article is of high quality. If teachers can guide students to find the right entry point in a timely manner and carefully explore the connotation of the text during the teaching process, you will find that every text is a treasure of material that can be mined.
Clever citation and unique analysis of textbook content are shortcuts for us to accumulate composition materials. For example, when writing a composition about small animals, we can cite content that students have learned. For example, when studying the two texts "Shrimp" and "Squirrel" published by Beijing Normal University, when introducing the characteristics of small animals, they are Write around the central sentence in order of total score. Because almost every household in rural areas raises poultry, teachers can arrange for students to go home and observe, and then write in this way.
The students wrote with ease and enjoyed it. Example: "Hen Laying Eggs" clip. The hen laying eggs is the most interesting! "Cluck, cluck, cluck..." Listen, the hen started to cry, as if to say: "I'm going to lay an egg, I'm going to lay an egg." After a while, the hen started to move. She stood up slowly, her face red, as if she was embarrassed. There was a "pop" sound from its butt, and the egg fell into the nest.
"Ha! The egg has finally come out!" After laying the egg, the hen gently rubbed the egg back and forth with her beak before reluctantly leaving her "baby". "Click, click, click..." It cried loudly again, as if to say: "I have laid eggs, come and pick them up!"
3. Extracurricular reading, colorful composition materials Garden
Books are the negatives of life. Through them, we can taste the colorful life. Reading plays an important role in broadening students' horizons and enriching their knowledge. In order to explore composition materials, we can guide students to order some publications, organize students to set up "reading clubs", encourage students to read outside class, and let books take them to the ice and snow of Antarctica to make friends with waddling penguins; send them to a quiet place In Guanghan Palace, they met Chang'e who regretted stealing the elixir; they were brought into the ancient battlefield where the sound of killing was loud, and they joined forces with the rebels.
Encourage students to use the accumulated sayings, proverbs, and famous sayings to communicate with each other; classify heroic deeds and celebrity anecdotes, tell stories and talk about their feelings at story gatherings. Read more extracurricular readings and accumulate materials. Students will naturally have "food in hand and no panic in mind" when writing compositions.
4. Cleverly set up the situation and bow down to pick up the composition materials
The Soviet educator Zankov once said: "Only when students have constant emotional upsurges, are demanding upwards, and want to make their own progress Only in the atmosphere where unique ideas are expressed can the thoughts, feelings and words that make children's compositions rich and colorful can be produced. "Therefore, teachers should be good at creating situations for compositions. In most cases, composition materials are not readily available, but are created by teachers through careful design, clever layout, and step-by-step instructions.
According to the age characteristics of primary school students, teachers design game-based teaching. Through intuitive teaching methods and a lively and relaxed learning atmosphere, students can often participate enthusiastically and unknowingly open up the limitations of their thinking, thereby changing Patterning of composition content.
There are many ways to teach games. Some teachers use traditional games to teach composition, such as touching noses and idiom solitaire. Although the games are very old, students never tire of playing them. Some teachers also use performance and creative games to achieve good results. Sometimes there is no connection between games and teaching itself, but only as composition materials. Sometimes games stimulate students' thinking, help students think and perceive from different angles, and become part of composition teaching.