1. The classical Chinese text "My Heart Has a Master" is selected from "The Biography of Xu Heng in the History of the Yuan Dynasty"

Xu Heng will not eat pears without owners

Original text: Xu Heng "Taste the Heat" In Heyang, I was very thirsty. There was a pear in the road, and everyone was eating it. Heng Duwei was sitting under the tree. Some people asked him, "I can't take it unless I have it. The world is in chaos. There is no owner of this pear." Is there no owner in my heart? All funerals and marriages must be carried out with ceremony. If the fruit is ripe and rotten and falls to the ground, the child will not look at it and leave it. The emperor wanted to express his gratitude. After his death, scholars from all over the world gathered to mourn him and mourned him at his tomb. A native of Hanoi (now Zhongzhan District, Jiaozuo City, north of the Yellow River in Henan Province), his courtesy name was Zhongping. He was erudite and well-educated. Many people came to study with him, and they named their study "Luzhai" on a plaque.

In his early years, Xu Heng fled with many people and passed through Heyang (now Mengzhou City, Henan Province). Due to the long journey, the weather was hot, and his throat was dry and thirsty. His companions found a man near the road. There was a pear tree. The tree was full of pears. Everyone was rushing to pick pears to quench their thirst. Xu Heng was the only one sitting upright under the tree, not even moving. Everyone felt very strange. Someone asked Xu Heng: "Why don't you pick pears to eat?" Xu Heng replied: "The pear tree is not mine, how can I just pick and eat it?" The man said: "The current situation is so chaotic, everyone is doing their own thing. "I'm afraid this pear tree has no owner, so why should I care?" Xu Heng said, "Even if the pear tree has no owner, doesn't my heart also have an owner?"

Everyday funerals When getting married, Xu Heng must abide by the customs and etiquette. Everyone in the village was inspired, and the custom of studying in the village gradually became more and more popular. Whenever the fruits of the fruit trees in the village mature and fall to the ground, the children in the village pass by without even looking at them. The villagers teach their children not to be greedy. Xu Heng's virtues spread throughout the world, and the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty heard about it and wanted to appoint Xu Heng as prime minister. However, Xu Heng did not seek glory and wealth, so he resigned due to illness.

After Xu Heng passed away, people from all over the world came to gather in front of the soul and cry bitterly. Some people came from thousands of miles away to pay homage and cry bitterly under the tomb. The emperor gave him the posthumous title "Wenzheng". 2. History of the Yuan Dynasty, Biographies 45, translated by Xu Heng

History of the Yuan Dynasty, Biographies 45, Xu Heng Biography Xu Heng, courtesy name Zhongping, was a native of Hanoi, Huaizhou, and had been farming for generations.

He had a distinctive temperament since he was a child. When he entered school at the age of seven, the teacher asked the students to analyze chapters and sentences. Xu Heng asked his teacher: "What are you studying for?" The teacher said: "For the imperial examination. Passed the exam!" Xu Heng said, "Is it just for this?" The teacher was very surprised. Every time he was asked to read, he would ask about the meaning of the text.

After a long time, the teacher said to his parents: "This child is extremely smart and will definitely be far better than ordinary people one day. I am not suitable to be his teacher." So he said goodbye and left. My parents tried their best to keep her but could not.

Three teachers were changed like this. As he grew up, Xu Heng was fond of reading and voraciously read. However, he encountered great chaos in the world at that time, and his family was poor and had no collection of books.

Later, when he fled to Culai Mountain, he began to get Wang Fusi's explanation of "Yi". It was a time of war. Xu Heng thought about it at night, read it during the day, experienced it personally, and worked hard to practice it. He must understand the righteousness of the book before acting and speaking.

I once passed by Heyang on a hot summer day and was very thirsty. There was a pear tree next to the road. Everyone was vying to pick pears to eat, but Xu Heng was sitting alone under the tree, looking calm. Someone asked him why he didn't pick pears to eat, and he replied: "It is not allowed to eat pears that are not yours."

The man said: "The world is in chaos, and this tree has no owner. " Xu Heng replied: "The pear tree has no owner, so don't I have an owner in my heart?" Xu Heng later moved to Shandong and stayed in Weizhou. People saw that he was morally noble and gradually began to follow him.

Xu Heng stayed in Weizhou for three years. Hearing that the war was about to subside, he returned to Huaizhou. All weddings and funerals must be carried out according to etiquette and law, and he encouraged his fellow villagers to do so, and more and more people started to learn from it.

Because his family was poor, Xu Heng went to work in the fields himself. He would eat grains when they were ripe and eat bran vegetables when the grains were not ripe. He was calm and composed, and the sound of reading poems and books was like music outside the house. Beautiful and beautiful. If his family had enough property, Xu Heng would distribute it to his fellow clan members and poor students.

If people give gifts, as long as they are not in line with etiquette and justice in the slightest, he will not accept them. Yao Shu was once summoned to the capital, so he let Xu Heng live in his snow house and ordered those who stayed behind to entertain him, but Xu Heng refused.

There were ripe fruits falling to the ground in the courtyard. Xu Heng’s children passed by and left without opening their eyes. Xu Heng’s family was so deeply influenced by him. In the Jiayin year, Shizu came out of the capital to become king in Qinzhong (he was named the king of Qinzhong). He wanted to use it to influence and educate the people of Qin, so he recruited Heng to serve as a scholar in Jingzhao.

The people of Qin had just escaped from the war and had no teachers to study. When they heard that Xu Heng came to take charge of education, everyone came to study happily. Schools were built in all counties and counties, and the people were greatly influenced by education.

Shizu led his army to the south, so Xu Heng returned to Huaizhou. The students tried to persuade him to stay but failed, so they sent him to Lintong before returning. In the first year of Zhongtong, Shizu ascended to the throne of emperor and summoned Xu Heng to return to the capital.

Not long after, Xu Heng resigned and returned home claiming illness. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, the emperor appointed An Tong as the right prime minister and asked Xu Heng to assist him, so he summoned Xu Heng to the capital and asked him to participate in discussions in Zhongshu Province.

Ahhema served as Zhongshu Pingzhang, and was also in charge of the affairs of the six departments of Shangshu Province, so he took over the political power, and his power far exceeded that of other people in the government and the public. For a while, many ministers fawned over him, and Xu Heng every time When discussing with him, you must be forthright and not give in at all. Soon after he was transferred to Zuo Cheng, Xu Heng repeatedly requested to resign.

The emperor had long wanted to open an imperial college, but Xu Heng had repeatedly tried his best to resign, so he agreed to his request first. In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (Zhiyuan Dynasty), Xu Heng was appointed as a scholar of Jixian University and concurrently as a state minister. He personally selected Mongolian disciples for Xu Heng to educate.

After receiving the appointment, Xu Heng said happily: "This is what I should do. The original and simple qualities of the Chinese people have not been lost, and they are very attentive to what they see and hear." , if they are trained among kind and virtuous people for a few years, they will definitely become useful talents for the country."

The disciples he selected were all still young, so Xu Heng treated them as adults and loved them. Like his own children, the etiquette of entering and exiting is as strict as the relationship between a monarch and his ministers. During their free time after school, they would learn etiquette and sometimes practice calligraphy and arithmetic.

(Later) Xu Heng requested to return to his hometown Huaizhou due to illness. In the eighteenth year (to the Yuan Dynasty), Xu Heng became seriously ill.

He died soon after, at the age of seventy-three. People in Huaizhou, whether rich or poor, young or old, all cried and worshiped Xu Hengling.

When scholars from all over the world heard the news of Xu Heng’s death, they all gathered together and cried bitterly. Some people traveled thousands of miles to come to Xu Heng's tomb and cried and paid homage. 3. History of the Yuan Dynasty, Biographies 45, translated by Xu Heng

History of the Yuan Dynasty, Biographies 45, Biography of Xu Heng

Xu Heng, courtesy name Zhongping, was a native of Hanoi, Huaizhou, and had been farming for generations. He had a unique temperament since he was a child. When he entered school at the age of seven, the teacher asked the students to analyze chapters and sentences. Xu Heng asked his teacher: "What are you studying for?" The teacher said: "To pass the imperial examination!" Xu Heng said : "Is that just for this?" The teacher was very surprised. Every time he was asked to read, he would ask about the meaning of the text. After a long time, the teacher said to his parents: "This child is extremely smart and will definitely be far better than ordinary people one day. I am not suitable to be his teacher." So he said goodbye and left. Xu Heng's parents tried their best to persuade him but failed. Retain. Like this *** three teachers were changed. As he grew up, Xu Heng was fond of reading and voraciously read. However, he encountered great chaos in the world at that time, and his family was poor and had no collection of books. Later, when he fled to Culai Mountain, he began to get Wang Fusi's explanation of "Yi". It was a time of war. Xu Heng thought about it at night, read it during the day, experienced it personally, and worked hard to practice it. He must understand the righteousness of the book before acting and speaking. I once passed by Heyang on a hot summer day and was very thirsty. There was a pear tree next to the road. Everyone was vying to pick pears to eat, but Xu Heng was sitting alone under the tree, looking calm. Someone asked him why he didn't pick pears to eat, and he replied: "It is not allowed to eat pears that are not yours." The man said: "The world is in chaos, and this tree has no owner.

Xu Heng replied: "The pear tree has no owner. Doesn't my heart also have an owner?" "

Xu Heng later moved to Shandong and stayed in Weizhou. People saw that he was morally noble and gradually began to follow him. Xu Heng stayed in Weizhou for three years and heard that the war was about to subside, so he He returned to Huaizhou again. He must follow the etiquette and laws for all weddings and funerals, and encouraged his fellow villagers to do so. More and more people started to learn from it. Because his family was poor, Xu Heng went to work in the fields himself and ate the crops when they were ripe. If the grain is not ripe, he will eat chaffy vegetables, and he will be calm and calm. The sound of reading poetry and books will be as beautiful as music outside the house. If the family has more money, Xu Heng will distribute it to his fellow tribesmen and poor students. If people offered gifts that were not in line with etiquette, he would not accept them. Once Yao Shu was summoned to the capital, he gave Xu Heng his snow house to live in and ordered those who stayed behind to entertain him, but Xu Heng refused. . There were ripe fruits falling to the ground in the courtyard. Xu Heng's children passed by and left without opening their eyes. Xu Heng's family was so deeply influenced by him.

In the year of Jiayin, Shizu was born. Jing was the king of Qin Zhong (he was named the king of Qin Zhong), and he wanted to use methods to influence and educate the people of Qin, so he recruited Heng to serve as Jing Zhao's tutor. The people of Qin had just escaped from the war and wanted to learn without a teacher. I heard that Xu Hengqian. He came to take charge of education, and everyone came to study happily. Schools were built in all counties and counties, and the people were greatly influenced by the education. Xu Heng then returned to Huaizhou, and the students tried to stay. After success, he sent him to Lintong before returning.

In the first year of Zhongtong, Shizu ascended the throne and summoned Xu Heng to return to the capital. Soon after, Xu Heng resigned and returned home. /p>

In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, the emperor appointed An Tong as the right prime minister and asked Xu Heng to assist him, so he summoned Xu Heng to the capital and asked him to participate in discussions in Zhongshu Province.

Ahe. Ma served as Zhongshu Pingzhang and was also in charge of the affairs of the six ministries of the Shangshu Province. As a result, he took over the political power and his power far exceeded that of other people in the government and the public. For a while, many ministers fawned over him. Xu Heng always spoke frankly every time he discussed with him. He did not give in. Soon after he was transferred to Zuo Cheng, Xu Heng repeatedly asked to resign.

The emperor had long wanted to open an imperial college, but Xu Heng tried his best to resign, so he agreed to his request first. In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (Yuan Dynasty), Xu Heng was appointed as a scholar of Jixian University and concurrently as a minister of the state. He personally selected Mongolian disciples for Xu Heng to educate him. After receiving the appointment, Xu Heng said happily: "This is what I should do. Something. The children of the Chinese people have not lost their original and simple qualities, and they are very attentive to learning what they see and hear. If they are trained among kind and virtuous people for a few years, they will definitely become useful talents for the country. "The disciples he chose at that time were all still young. Xu Heng treated them like adults and loved and cared for them like his own children. The etiquette of entering and exiting was as strict as the relationship between king and minister. During his free time after school, he let them learn etiquette. Sometimes he practiced calligraphy and arithmetic. (Later) Xu Heng requested to return to his hometown of Huaizhou due to illness. Rich, poor, young and old all cried and worshiped in front of Xu Heng Ling. When they heard the news of Xu Heng's death, they all gathered together and cried bitterly. Some people came from thousands of miles away to pay homage to Xu Heng's tomb. 4. (1) Classical Chinese reading (19 points) Read the following text and complete 10

10.A 11.D ("Ignore the public sentiment" and "generally" are wrong) 12.C ("Risk being dismissed from office by the imperial court" "The risk of" is wrong, it should be the risk of being resented and criticized, "paying too much" is wrong) 13. (10 points) (1) Duzhong read the previous documents and files for this purpose to find out the truth of the matter, and only those who plead guilty.

(Phi, Gu, Insight, Fugu, 1 point each, sentence meaning 1 point) (2) Check the level of its production capacity and increase or decrease taxes. The task is completed and the taxation is also enriched. , the public and private interests are favorable to this. (Examination, profit and loss, lesson, convenience, 1 point each, sentence meaning 1 point) Reference translation: Wang Duzhongzi Yuan Yu, a native of Funingzhou, Fujian

His father’s name is Wang Jiweng. When he was a national messenger, he went to Japan to preach and was killed at sea. When Duzhong was seven years old, he went to the court with his mother to report that his father was killed at sea in Japan. The ancestors were very sympathetic and gave them travel expenses to return to the south and granted them peace. There are 8,000 acres of farmland and one house.

Soon the emperor was grateful for his father's achievements and granted him the title of Governor of Zhongpingjiang Road in the capital. At this time, his colleague Zhongzhong was only seventeen years old. Being young, I looked down upon him.

Duzhong always analyzes everything he encounters and grasps the key points at every turn. Therefore, his staff are shocked and dare not deceive him. Kunshan used deceptive means to buy and sell official land. The matter was exposed, but there was no ruling for eight years.

For this reason, Duzhong read past documents and files to find out the truth of the matter, and only then did those people plead guilty. The school building in Wujiang was dilapidated and had not been repaired for a long time, and the county governor was absent. Du Zhong said: "Everyone follows the saint's way, why can only one county governor do it?" So he first raised money from wealthy families to build a new ceremony hall.

After the expiration of his term, he was appointed as the general manager of Chenzhou Road. Chenzhou is located in the upper reaches of Chu, and the corvee beasts in Xigu Cave come and go among the people. The people of Chenzhou are afraid of their strength and cunning, and dare not trade with them.

The people of Chenzhou were influenced by the barbarian customs and liked to fight. So they built a large school building in the capital, displayed the beans, fur and gui, played the sheng, chime, harp and harp, taught the people to learn the rituals and music of the ancient kings, and invited Su Confucianism to educate them. , enlightened them with principles, and finally changed their customs. Transferred to the post of general manager of Raozhou Road.

In the event of famine, the price of rice soared. The rice in the official warehouse was divided into three equal parts, and the price of the lower-grade rice was reduced by two-tenths, allowing the common people to buy it. Some of the elders presented him with two ears of wheat and six ears of rice. Duzhong said, "This is a blessing from the Holy Lord. I dare not take it."

He reported this to the court. Because his mother died and he left his job, the people built a shrine in his memory.

When the mourning period expires, the official pays homage to the official visiting envoy of Su Zheng Lian of Haibei and South Hainan. Zhongshu and the provincial ministers reported that the people's livelihood should not be more important than salt.

So the Yanting kitchen households were set up according to the old system, and they were compared every three years to determine the ranking. This was the old system during the reign of Emperor Shizu. The person in charge of this matter was afraid of being criticized and did not proceed for a long time.

Du Zhong said: "If you are a minister, how can you accomplish anything if you are afraid of being criticized?" So he visited thirty-four salt fields to check their production capacity and make a decision. Tax reduction or tax increase not only accomplishes the task, but also enriches the tax collection, which is beneficial to both the public and private sectors. Due to physical illness, he resigned and returned home, where he died in the first year of his reign.

Posthumously awarded him the bachelor's degree of Zhaowen Hall, with the posthumous title Qingxian. He served as an official in Duzhong for more than forty years, and his political achievements were extremely remarkable wherever he went. As for his performance in governing counties, even the officials who abided by the laws in ancient times could not be better than him.

His innocent sentiments come from his family tradition. In addition to the land and houses given by the emperor, all the food and salary distributed by the court were distributed to the poor among his own clan and relatives, which made people even more loyal. Praise him. He stayed in the capital when he was young, and when he became a disciple of Xu Heng, he established his life ambition.

In his middle age, he devoted himself to fundamental studies and wrote three volumes of poetry. 5. Translation of Xu Heng's biography

Xu Heng "went to cross the river in the summer and was very thirsty. There was a pear in the road, and everyone took it. Heng was sitting under the tree alone. When he asked about it, he said, "I took it because it didn't exist." It's impossible. People say that the world is in chaos and there is no owner. They say, there is no owner of the pear. Is there no owner in my heart? All funerals and marriages must be done according to the ceremony. There are fruits that are ripe and rotten and fall to the ground. , the boy passed by without looking at him. This is how his family behaved!

Translation: Xu Heng was walking to Heyang on a hot day and was very thirsty. There was a pear tree beside the road. , everyone rushed to pick pears to quench their thirst. Only Xu Heng was sitting upright under the tree, not even moving. Everyone felt strange, and someone asked Xu Heng: "Why don't you pick pears to eat?" ? Xu Heng replied: "The pear tree is not mine, how can I pick it and eat it casually?" The man said: "The current situation is so chaotic. Everyone is fleeing for safety. This pear tree probably has no owner for a long time. Why should it matter?" Xu Heng said, "Even if the pear tree has no owner, doesn't my heart also have an owner?" "There was fruit in the courtyard. When it was ripe, it fell to the ground. The child passed by and walked away without looking at it. It was his family who taught him that he had such a result.

Enlightenment: A man must abide by his duty. , take what should be taken and do not take what should be taken.