Wu (17 10~ 1754), born in Quanjiao (present-day Anhui), is the author of The Scholars and the Collection of Wenmu Mountain. Although Wu is a descendant of a noble family, he was deeply influenced by Confucianism since he was a child. However, due to the rapid change of economic status, he contacted the working people and saw the darkness of society and the evil of the imperial examination system. Because of his progressive thought and his mastery of satirical skills in describing reality, he was able to write The Scholars in his later years, a very outstanding satirical novel.
The Scholars is a mirror of feudal society. Through the vivid description of the behavior of feudal literati, bureaucratic gentry, street hooligans and other figures, the decay of the feudal system that is about to collapse is deeply exposed, and the evil imperial examination system is strongly criticized, involving political system, ethics, social atmosphere and so on. , objectively denied the whole feudal system. Denying and lashing the imperial examination system, condemning bureaucratic groups, exposing feudal ethics and sympathizing with the people, these contents make The Scholars a masterpiece with progressive democratic thoughts. Jin Fan, who was insane and mentally abnormal by the imperial examination system; He was a poor young man, but under the influence of the dark society, he gradually corroded and deteriorated, abandoned his wife and became an ungrateful villain. It is the earliest and most influential artistic mode in China's satirical literature to plunder other people's land, seize widows' property and cheat Yan who has had enough to eat. The Scholars also describes some lower-class people, showing the author's deep sympathy and love for them, and praising their noble quality and extraordinary talent of justice and simplicity. Wang Mian, who despises fame, a sincere and kind actor package, and a simple small rural producer, Baba and Baba Niu, are the representatives of such figures. The Scholars is a masterpiece of China's satirical literature. The author is good at using typical plots to profoundly expose social contradictions. The language is accurate, concise, vivid and ironic. The Scholars consists of many units, each of which is related and can exist independently. This special long structure has a great influence on later generations. The Scholars is the peak of China's classical satirical novels.
2. The story in the classical Chinese version of The Scholars is too long, so give a brief introduction.
The Scholars is a novel with intellectuals as the main description object, and it is also a typical satirical novel. The Scholars describes some images of Confucian scholars who were deeply poisoned by the stereotyped imperial examination system, reflecting the corruption of the secular atmosphere at that time.
For example, Zhou Jin and Jin Fan spent their whole lives trying to be jurors in the exam, but they didn't become scholars in the exam until their beards turned white. Although life is extremely difficult, I still remember the imperial examination.
Zhou Jin passed by an examination room and went in to watch. He touched the bitterness and pain of life and burst into tears. He was so sad that he died. Later, with the help of some small businessmen, I took the exam and won the sympathy of the examiner, so my luck changed.
When he was recommended in the exam, all the people who laughed at him before flattered him and touted him as the most knowledgeable person. Another example is Jin Fan, who is so poor that he takes an old hen to the market to sell.
When he learned that he had won the bid, he was ecstatic and turned into a madman. Fortunately, his father-in-law, butcher Hu, slapped him and brought him back to his senses. At this time, the local squire and other prominent figures looked at him with new eyes. Some people sent houses and some property, and Jin Fan's life changed immediately.
3. This story is the first time in the classical Chinese version of The Scholars that Dayi Chen borrowed celebrities to cover the whole text. "There are many different roads in life, and everyone has to go.
One hundred generations rise and fall, and the river wind blows down the former trees. Fame and fortune have no evidence. I spend all my time and always miss it.
Three glasses of turbid wine go to Shen Zui, where will the water disappear? "This word is also a cliche. However, it is said that the wealth and fame of life are things outside the body; But as soon as the world saw fame, it gave up its life and begged him.
When you get it, it tastes like chewing wax. Since ancient times, which one can see through? Even so, there was an embedded and open person at the end of Yuan Dynasty.
Wang Mingmian lives in the countryside of Zhuji County. When his father died at the age of seven, his mother made some needles for him to study in rural schools. Look at three years. Wang Mian is ten years old.
Mother called him to her and said, "Son! It's not that I want to hold you up, it's just that after your father died, I was a widow's family, so I just couldn't get out; Bad age, Mikey. These old clothes and some old guys were pawned and sold. How can you study only by the money I earn from injecting others? I can't do anything now. I hire you to herd cattle next door and give him a few dollars a month. You have a ready-made meal and you won't leave until tomorrow. " Wang Mian said, "What my mother said is true.
I am sitting in school, and my heart is also stuffy; It would be happier to herd cattle at his house. If I want to study, I can still bring some books. "
It was decided that night. The next day, his mother went to Qin's hometown next door with him. Qin Lao kept mother and son for breakfast and brought a buffalo to Wang Mian.
He pointed to the door and said, "It's only two arrows away from my door, that is, Liuqi Lake, and the green grass by the lake, where all the cows sleep. There are dozens of folded poplars, which are very cool; Cows are thirsty, so they drink water by the lake.
Dude, you only play here. My old man has two small meals a day; I also buy two snacks with you every morning.
Be diligent, not too lazy. "His mother thanked him and sent Wang Mian home. His mother tidied his clothes for him.
Said: "You need to be careful here, don't let people say no; Go out early and return late, don't wait for me. " Wang Mian obeyed, and her mother left with tears in her eyes.
Since then, Wang Mian has been herding cattle in the Qin family. Every night, he goes home to accompany his mother. Or when the Qin family cooked some salted fish and bacon for him to eat, he wrapped a lotus leaf and gave it to his mother at home.
He has no money to buy daily snacks; Get together for a month or two, then steal some time, go to the school in the village, meet the nerd who broke into the school and buy some old books. Tie Niu Yi up day by day and sit under the Liu Yin tree to watch.
Three or four years passed. Wang Mian has read the book, and he knows it in his heart.
That day, it was Huangmei season, and the weather was irritable. Tired of herding cattle, Wang Mian sat on the green grass.
In a blink of an eye, dark clouds were gathering and a heavy rain passed. The edge of the black cloud, inlaid with white clouds, gradually dispersed, revealing a group of sunshine, which made the whole lake red.
The mountain by the lake was black and blue. The branches are washed, especially lovely green.
There are more than a dozen lotus flowers in the lake, with water drops on the bracts and water drops rolling around on the lotus leaves. Wang Mian looked at it and thought, "The ancients said,' People are in a painting', which is actually good! It's a pity that I don't have a painter here. It's interesting to draw some lotus flowers for him! " He thought to himself, "Is there anything in the world that you can't learn? Why don't I draw some of his own? ..... "Just when I was thinking, I saw a rammer in the distance, picking a car full of boxes; He came under the willow tree with a bottle of wine in his hand and a blanket hanging from the box.
Unfold the felt strip and open the box. There came three men, wearing square towels, one wearing a sapphire straight scarf, and two wearing a yuan color straight scarf, all of whom were in their 40 s and 50 s, slowly coming over with white paper fans in their hands.
The fat man with a sapphire bow came to the tree and sat on it with a Yuan beard, while the thin man sat opposite. He thought it was the master, so he sat down and poured the wine.
After eating once, the fat man said, "The dangerous old man is back. I bought a new house, which is bigger than the house in Li Jing's Chonglou Street and worth 2200 silver.
Because the old gentleman wanted to buy it, the shopkeeper sold it at the price of dozens of taels of silver to make a name for himself. On the tenth day of last month, the parents of Dazun County personally came to congratulate them and drank until the third night.
People in the street, which one is disrespectful! "The thin man said," the magistrate is a juren at noon, and he is a protege of the dangerous old man. This should be congratulated. " The fat man said, "My in-laws are also students of the dangerous old man, and now they are magistrates in Henan; The day before yesterday, my son-in-law came home with two Jin of dried venison as a gift. This plate is enough.
This time, my husband will go again and ask our in-laws to write a letter to pay for an audience with the dangerous old man. If he is willing to go to the countryside to pay homage, it can also prevent these rural families from releasing donkeys and pigs to eat the grain in our field. "
The thin man said, "Mr. Wei is going to be a scholar." Beard said, "I heard that the emperor personally went out of the city when he arrived in Beijing at sunrise the day before yesterday, and walked a dozen steps hand in hand. The dangerous old man bowed again and again before getting on the sedan chair and going back.
Judging from this situation, is it necessary to be an official? "Three people, you and me, can't say. Wang Mian saw that it was getting late, so he took the cow back.
From then on, the accumulated money no longer buys books; Find someone to buy some rouge lead powder from the city and learn to draw lotus flowers. At first, the painting was not good. After painting for three months, the spirit and color of the lotus are almost the same: only a piece of paper is left, just like growing in a lake; It looks like it was just picked from the lake and pasted on paper.
People in rural areas also buy good paintings with money. Wang Mian got the money and bought some good things to honor her mother.
One spread two, two spread three, and all counties in Zhuji know that this is a famous pen for painting boneless flowers and are scrambling to buy it. When I was seventeen or eighteen, I was no longer in the Qin family.
Draw a few strokes every day, read the poems of the ancients, and gradually have enough to eat and wear, and my mother is happy. This Wang Mian was born smart. Less than twenty years old, he has consulted astronomical geography from historical universities.
But he has a distinctive temperament: he neither seeks official titles nor makes friends, and studies all day. When he saw Qu Yuan's clothes painted on the map of Chu Ci, he made a very tall hat and a very wide dress. When the flowers are beautiful, he pulls his mother with an ox cart, wears a tall hat and a wide coat, insists on whipping, hums songs, and plays around in rural towns and lakes.
He doesn't care whether the country children laugh with him in droves. However, only Qin Lao is next door.
4. Where is the classical Chinese? Talking nonsense on the first floor, hehe ~
Classical Chinese masterpiece, LZ wants a novel, right?
The following novels:
Looking for gods
Shi Shuo Xin Yu
Taiping guangji
Legend of Tang and Song Dynasties
Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio
Notes of Yuewei Caotang
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is also a popular classical Chinese.
The following is a historical biography:
history
History of Three Kingdoms
Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government
Yue Jue Shu and Wu Yue Chun Qiu are both historical biographies, but they are both novel and tell the story of sleeping.
The following options:
Selected works of Zhao Ming
Collection of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties
Ancient prose view
If you want to buy it, there will usually be a full-text version and a vernacular version. Buying People's Literature Publishing House, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, Shanxi Ancient Books Publishing House and Zhonghua Book Company are all good. Whether you want the classical Chinese version or the vernacular version depends on your own preferences. Generally speaking, books will be sold on Dangdang or Joyo, or purchased at local bookstores. They are not scarce books.