The spring tide of market economy is impacting all aspects of society. University campus is not a "pure land" far away from society. The concept of college students is constantly cultivated and tempered in the process of social survival of the fittest and fair competition. In the process of college students' ideological growth, because they don't have a complete and rational understanding of society, they are inevitably anxious when they are positive, confused, waiting or even negative. The psychological anxiety of college students is characterized by positive anxiety, negative anxiety and psychological disorder. Its causes are related to school education, school environment, idealism and social change; The countermeasures to solve their psychological anxiety depend on perfecting educational mechanism, changing educational methods and reforming ideological and political work methods.

In today's society, competition is everywhere, and anxiety arises, especially for contemporary college students at the junction of school and society. Curiosity and powerlessness about the unknown world make it easier for us to have this kind of anxiety that cannot be eliminated.

First of all, as far as I'm concerned, although I don't regret coming to Xianning University to choose geography department, I'm not satisfied with the present situation. The most important thing is that I am not optimistic about the future employment prospects. All kinds of disappointments in my life not only make my attitude more negative, but also cause anxiety. So my attitude began to wander from time to time, optimistic and positive; Sometimes I will be pessimistic, negative and even bored.

Secondly, observing the classmates around me, they all have psychological anxiety more or less. No matter what the anxiety is, although there are thousands of reasons in Qian Qian, there is always one that all college students are anxious about, and that is: finding their place in today's complex society. To put it bluntly, it is to find a job that you are satisfied with. College students with anxiety have a common psychological defect, but the psychological defects of college students are far more than these.

With the rapid development of society, people's pace of life is accelerating, competition is becoming more and more fierce, and interpersonal relationships are becoming more and more complicated. Due to the rapid progress of science and technology and the explosive growth of knowledge, people are forced to constantly update their knowledge; "Mankind has entered the era of emotional burden", and people's concept consciousness and emotional attitude have undergone complex evolution. As a member of modern society, college students living and studying in colleges and universities are very sensitive to the barometer of social psychology. In addition, college students, as a special social group, have many special problems of their own, such as adapting to the new learning environment and tasks. The adaptation to major choice and study, the conflict between ideal and reality, the handling and study of interpersonal relationship, the contradiction in love and the choice of future career. How to make them avoid or eliminate the psychological pressure, crisis or obstacle caused by the above psychological pressure, improve their physical and mental health, adapt to the current and developing social environment with a positive and normal psychological state, prevent the occurrence of psychological diseases and psychosomatic diseases, and strengthen the psychological health education of college students has become an urgent need and concern for colleges and universities.

Each of us wants to have a healthy psychology and get rid of the sub-health state of psychology. But what exactly is mental health? First of all, let's understand what psychology is: the human brain is the organ of psychological activity, and psychological activity is the function of the brain. Psychology is the result of the interaction between human brain and objective reality, and it is the reflection of objective reality. Number one? As a reflection of objective reality, psychological phenomena are conceptual; Second? Psychology is subjective: third? Psychological initiative. 1 Second, what is a healthy psychology? Mental health refers to a state in which people have a sense of stability in the internal environment and can adapt to any form of external environment in society. In other words, when they encounter any obstacles and difficulties, their psychology will not be out of balance, and they can be overcome by appropriate behavior. This stable and adaptive state is a state of mental health. It is very difficult to measure whether the mind is absolutely healthy. Health is relative, and there is no absolute dividing line. Generally speaking, there are three principles to judge whether psychology is normal: First, the unity of psychology and environment. Normal psychological activities are consistent with the objective environment in content and form. Second, the unity of psychology and behavior. This means that individual psychology and behavior is a complete, unified and coordinated process. Third, the stability of personality. Personality is the concrete embodiment of the unique personality psychological characteristics formed by individuals in the process of long-term life experience. Psychological disorder refers to mental illness or slight psychological disorder. It appears in contemporary college students mostly because of physical and mental fatigue, tension, psychological conflict, sudden problems or contradictions that are difficult to coordinate. , the time is short, the degree is slight, and it disappears or slows down with the change of situation; Others have a long time and a heavy degree, and finally have to drop out of school or even drop out of school. There are many manifestations of psychological obstacles, mainly in psychological activities and behaviors. It is manifested in psychological activities such as hypersensitivity or hypoesthesia, abnormal somatosensory perception, illusion, hallucination, forgetfulness, paranoia, neologism, vague consciousness, disorder of psychological characteristics, and difficulty in getting along with others. Behavior and anxiety, indifference, stubbornness, aggression, heavy heart. Despair, even pain and so on. Among them, anxiety is also a more serious one.

The psychological quality of contemporary college students not only affects their own development, but also relates to the improvement of the quality of the whole nation and the cultivation of cross-century talents. A survey on the main qualities of contemporary people shows that the quality of contemporary people can't meet the needs of social progress and development. What they lack most is psychological quality, which is characterized by weak will, insufficient ability to bear setbacks, insufficient adaptability and self-reliance, lack of competition and crisis awareness, lack of self-confidence and strong dependence. The reason is that education does not attach importance to the cultivation and shaping of people's psychological quality. Among college students, some people almost lose their desire and confidence to engage in all actions because of self-denial and self-exclusion; Some people have suicidal thoughts or self-destructive behaviors due to failed exams or frustrated love; Some people are cynical or desperate because of the unsatisfactory reality; Some people avoid group self-isolation because of disharmony in interpersonal relationships. A large number of surveys show that the main reason for the high incidence of college students in China is psychological disorder, and psychological diseases have become the main diseases of college students. Specific manifestations are terror, anxiety, compulsion, depression and emotional crisis, neurasthenia and so on. Our school surveys the mental health of freshmen every year. The results show that a large number of college students have poor psychological quality every year, and there are different degrees of obstacles. Four students from the College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy in 2002 dropped out of school because of psychological problems in the first year. The four of them are emotionally unstable because: 1, the pursuit of girls is rejected; 2. I have long suspected that my classmates talk about themselves behind their backs and despise themselves, so I dare not face others; 3. Losing confidence in life goals, feeling depressed and depressed; 4, manic, abnormal behavior. Finally, I can't continue my studies. The common psychological problems of college students are also manifested in environmental pressure, self-awareness obstacles, interpersonal communication obstacles, emotional instability, emotional maladjustment and so on. The psychological problems of contemporary college students can not be ignored.

Generally speaking, college students' psychology is still relatively fragile, so what are the causes of these problems, especially anxiety? On the one hand, the problems of college students' psychological quality are related to their own psychological development stage, and at the same time, they are inseparable from their social environment. College students are generally between the ages of seventeen and eighteen and twenty-three, which is in the middle of adolescence and is the most dramatic period of psychological changes in life. Due to immature psychological development and unstable emotions, psychological conflicts sometimes occur when facing a series of physiological, psychological and social adaptation topics, such as the conflict between ideal and reality, the conflict between reason and emotion, the conflict between independence and dependence, the conflict between self-esteem and inferiority, the conflict between lack of knowledge and discrimination, the conflict between competition and stability, and so on. If these conflicts and contradictions are not effectively channeled and reasonably resolved, they will form psychological barriers over time, especially for contemporary college students. In order to win in the fierce competition for the college entrance examination, they almost devoted themselves to their studies. Over-protection of parents, examination-oriented education in schools and lack of life experience make these students psychologically fragile, weak-willed, and lack of tolerance for setbacks. Small setbacks in study, life, making friends, falling in love and choosing a job are enough for some of them to bear. From the perspective of environmental factors, the intensification of competition and the acceleration of the pace of life have created a sense of urgency and pressure; Individuals have more opportunities to choose their goals in life, and the contradictions that are difficult to take into account aggravate inner conflicts and produce anxiety. In all these cases, all kinds of confusion, confusion, anxiety and nervousness caused by inadaptability to the changing environment have obviously increased, and the psychological impact brought by social changes to growing college students is stronger and more complicated than ever before. Various physiological factors, psychological confusion and social factors are intertwined, which easily leads to the unbalanced psychological development of college students. People with poor psychological quality naturally can't adapt to the environment of high speed, high technology and high competition, and heavy psychological load can easily lead to various psychological diseases.

These reasons are subjective and objective. Subjective passivity: there is a contradiction between the dependence of new material life and the independent consciousness of spiritual life; There is a contradiction between the increasing consciousness of self-reliance and self-improvement in subjective desire and the possibility and ability in objective conditions. These two reasons can easily make freshmen who can't adapt to the new environment have the following psychological problems: First, they are blindly complacent and narcissistic. Because they passed the college entrance examination, teachers praised them, classmates envied them, relatives and friends praised them, and parents celebrated them. Some students gradually relaxed their fighting spirit in this narcissism and relaxed all day, thinking that they were top students in middle schools and their college grades would not be bad, thus relaxing their demands on themselves and being blindly complacent. The second is disappointment and feeling out of favor. Some students idealize and mystify university life before entering the university, and feel that the gap between ideal and reality is too big after entering the university, which leads to disappointment. Some students used to be top students in middle schools, and they are the key protection objects of families and schools. When they enter the university, they will feel out of favor. The third is to relax and rest. Some students think that being admitted to the university is an iron rice bowl. The goal of long-term struggle has been achieved, psychologically satisfied, and physically hoped to have a rest. In addition, after entering the university, the goal of struggle is unclear, the adaptability is not strong, and the motivation of competition is weakened, resulting in the psychology of "relaxing and resting", which can no longer inspire the courage to advance. The fourth is cowardice. Because of the change of the environment, I hesitate not to look back, not to participate in social activities, not to patronize the sports ground. Besides studying all day, I have nothing to do and live a single life, which hinders the development of my personality. Objectively speaking, compared with middle school, great changes have taken place in study, life and interpersonal relationship. 1) The tasks, contents and methods of learning have changed. Middle school students learn basic knowledge in order to prepare for further study or employment in the future; The purpose of studying professional knowledge in universities is to mold students into senior professionals for the construction of the motherland. Middle school courses only take a few college entrance examination courses for a few years, and middle schools have teacher guidance every day, day after day; Universities should have strong self-study ability and think and solve problems independently. New college students often don't adapt to this changing study life and don't know how to adapt and control their time. 2) The living environment has changed. Some freshmen have the experience of sending students to middle school, but most of them still go to school and live with their families after school. After entering the university, the class group becomes the main living environment and the dormitory becomes the main living area. It is really a problem for those who are used to relying on their parents and family. This change has brought them some mental pressure. 3) Interpersonal relationships are more complicated than in middle school. Most freshmen live in places where middle schools are concentrated. From primary school to middle school, there are some partners who have been together since childhood. The head teacher served for several years and met every day. Familiar faces, similar languages and customs constitute their familiar living environment. Entering the university, people around you come from different regions, have never met before, have different languages and customs; Students have changed from being lively and intimate to being unfamiliar, making it difficult to talk about ideas. This is extremely unaccustomed to freshmen who are only seventeen or eighteen years old. So they will miss home, classmates and feel lonely every holiday. 4) The attitude towards social work has changed. Most of the work and activities in middle schools are carried out under the guidance of teachers and undertaken by a few students. The university forces students to manage themselves. There are many things in the class and many club activities. Students should not only do their own study well, but also undertake certain social work and care about class collective construction. Freshmen often don't adapt to this heavy workload life, lack work initiative, and don't know how to manage their own affairs in their posts. They feel great pressure and anxiety will follow. This is a very serious situation.

Knowing the problems and reasons, we should consider the solutions. People's psychological quality is not innate, but depends on acquired education and training, and education plays a decisive role in improving psychological quality. Our school has made many explorations and attempts in the psychological quality education of college students, and carried out a series of work, which has achieved good results, but there are also many shortcomings to be improved. The following are effective educational measures: 1. Give full play to the role of school psychological counseling.

School psychological consultation is an important way to improve students' psychological health and optimize their psychological quality, and it is also an important part of psychological quality education. With the passage of time, psychological counseling has been recognized and accepted by more and more people, and more and more colleges and even middle schools have begun to set up psychological counseling institutions. Psychological counseling can guide students to reduce inner contradictions and conflicts, solve their worries and difficulties, and develop their physical and mental potential. It can also help students understand themselves correctly, grasp themselves and adapt to the external environment effectively. In recent years, the psychological counseling institutions have been continuously improved and the service forms are diverse, which has become the most effective way for college students' psychological quality education. 2. Carry out mental health survey of freshmen to realize early detection and prevention of psychological problems. The premise of developing psychological quality education is to understand the situation of mastering students' psychological quality, so as to put forward targeted educational measures and programs. Our school conducts a mental health survey of freshmen every year. Students with psychological symptoms were screened out by using the "mental health questionnaire", and they were invited to the psychological counseling center for further diagnosis through interviews and analysis. About 65,438+00% freshmen are invited for an interview every year. According to the interview analysis, different types and degrees of problems are distinguished, and different countermeasures are taken to prevent problems before they happen, so that students can find psychological problems early and intervene in time, so that they can get them at the beginning of enrollment. 3. Infiltrate psychological quality education into the teaching of various subjects. Implementing psychological quality education through teaching in various disciplines is not only the way for schools to implement psychological education, but also the inevitable requirement for the development of teaching in various disciplines. The teaching process of each subject contains extremely rich psychological education factors, because the teaching process is dominated by cultural knowledge, moral norms and ideological values accumulated in social history. In the process of imparting knowledge, teachers can transform the knowledge, experience and skills formed in human history into their own spiritual wealth, that is, internalize the students' ideological views, life values and good psychological quality, and take root in them for a long time, as long as they pay attention to students' psychological needs, stimulate students' interest in learning and dig deep into the inherent educational significance of knowledge. 4. Offering compulsory courses of psychological education to improve self-education ability. The improvement of psychological quality is inseparable from the mastery of corresponding knowledge. Systematic study of psychology, hygiene and health is helpful for students to understand the law of psychological development, master psychological adjustment methods and enhance their self-education ability. The effect of psychological quality education depends on the initiative and enthusiasm of students' self-education and the level of students' self-education ability to a great extent. Therefore, psychological quality education is to focus on cultivating students' ability of self-education. 5. Strengthen the construction of campus culture and create a good psychological and social environment for the healthy growth of college students. The healthy growth of college students is inseparable from a healthy psychological and social environment, and the cultivation of college students' psychological quality is inseparable from a good campus cultural atmosphere. School spirit is an important content of campus culture construction, and it is also an important condition that affects students' psychological development. Good school spirit will subtly optimize students' psychological quality. For example, the school spirit of unity and friendship is the soil for students to form group cohesion and collective sense of honor, which is conducive to maintaining harmonious interpersonal relationships and promoting mutual communication and help among students. Colorful campus cultural activities help to cultivate students' optimistic attitude towards life and healthy and cheerful emotional characteristics. Therefore, schools should devote themselves to the construction of campus culture, carry out various cultural and sports activities and academic activities, and form a healthy and progressive atmosphere and a relaxed understanding environment, which will help students deepen their self-awareness, fully develop their personality and improve their adaptability.

Maslow divided people's basic needs into five categories in order: a. Physiological needs (food, sleep, sex, etc. B. Safety needs (life and property are safe and secure) C. Belonging and loving needs (involving giving and receiving love) D. Respecting needs (self-esteem and being respected by others) E. Self-realization needs (the trend of promoting the realization of potential ability) 3 Our college students will not exceed these basic needs. And our anxiety can be attributed to our desire for respect and self-realization. Of course, it is uncomfortable to be laughed at, because it is your shortcomings that are laughed at. Creating miracles with your own shortcomings is the most powerful counterattack against scoffers. It's just that sometimes we can't understand it and can't do it well, so we start to worry about our powerlessness.

Psychology is the product of our own thoughts and can only be overcome by ourselves. It is very important to have a healthy psychology. Mental health can help college students overcome dependence and enhance their independence. After hard work and fierce competition, college students bid farewell to middle schools, enter universities and enter a brand-new world of life. College students must shift from relying on their parents to relying on themselves. Before going to college, the university they imagined was like a "paradise", romantic, strange and wonderful. After going to college, it is difficult for them to adapt to the intense study, strict discipline and living environment. Therefore, college students must attach importance to mental health, overcome dependence as soon as possible, enhance independence, actively adapt to college life, and live a full and meaningful college life. Mental health is a solid psychological foundation for college students to achieve career success. At present, the distribution of China university graduates has changed greatly. College students all implement the methods of meeting supply and demand, two-way selection and merit-based employment. Competition in choosing a job will inevitably make college students feel psychologically confused and uneasy. Therefore, in the face of the new situation, college students should pay attention to maintaining mental health, cultivate good psychological quality of self-reliance, self-improvement and self-discipline, exercise their social communication ability, make themselves make correct role choices in the ever-changing and complex social environment, dare to face difficulties, setbacks and challenges, pursue a more perfect personality, and lay a solid psychological foundation for career success.

Self-efficacy is a course for American psychologists. A psychological cognitive concept put forward by Dura. Refers to the individual's belief and self-judgment on the level of his ability to complete the activity before carrying out a certain behavior operation. Self-efficacy, as a personal prediction, is an individual's confidence in whether he can successfully conduct certain behaviors to produce certain results. "Perceived performance expectations not only affect the choice of activities and occasions, but also affect the degree of effort. Perceived performance expectations determine the degree of effort and patience in the face of difficulties. That is, the stronger the perceived performance expectation, the more inclined to make greater efforts. " In essence, self-efficacy is a key variable that enables individuals to self-regulate and maintain their behavior and motivation, and it has three effects on individual behavior and results. One is to influence the individual's choice of activities. When faced with different choices, individuals tend to choose the activity environment and activity content that they think can be effectively controlled. This choice of environment and activity is transformed into direct experience through actual activities, which has an impact on the direction and level of individual development. Second, it affects the persistence and motivation level of individual activities. Individuals with higher self-efficacy have higher self-confidence and courage to face difficulties, and can use behavioral strategies more to achieve their goals; The third is the mental state that affects the process of individual activities. Research shows that the level of self-efficacy affects the stress level of individuals in the face of adverse environmental events. Low-level individuals can experience stress and anxiety more strongly when dealing with external affairs, and tend to take more defensive actions to passively adapt to the external environment, which limits and hinders the development of subject ability.

Therefore, to fundamentally solve the psychological problems of college students, we should eliminate psychological barriers, enhance self-efficacy and improve students' ability to solve psychological problems from the perspective of practical guidance. You know, only the rise of internal factors is the fundamental way to solve the problem. To improve self-efficacy, in addition to the above three combinations, creating a good educational environment and strengthening practical activities, it is also necessary to guide students to learn to actively strengthen themselves. Self-reinforcement is very important to regulate people's behavior. It is a behavioral process of encouraging or maintaining oneself to reach a certain standard through self-reward, and it is the external expression of individual self-efficacy. When self-reinforcement reaches its own standards, it will improve self-efficacy, otherwise it will easily lose confidence in its own behavior ability. So it is extremely difficult for us to completely eliminate anxiety. We can only try our best to do all this well and minimize anxiety.

Since 1999, colleges and universities have officially begun to expand their enrollment. More and more people have enjoyed higher education that their parents did not enjoy. You get confused when you're excited. There are more and more educated people, but the opportunities do not seem to increase. The annual double election seems to be a big stone for college students. The situation that the older generation of college students were robbed seems to be gone today. College students are unwilling to graduate for fear of losing their jobs as soon as they graduate. College students are under great psychological pressure in employment. At the beginning of June 2006, 5438+065438+ 10, the 2004 graduates of a normal university committed suicide because they could not find their ideal jobs, which once again aroused people's concern about employment psychology. Recently, newspapers and websites reported that many college students fell to their deaths. This shows that contemporary college students are under increasing pressure and anxiety is becoming more and more common.

Money worship, utilitarianism and pragmatism have great influence on society. College students tend to downplay their political ideals and ideas, and they mainly look at political issues from the perspective of self-development. Many students regard joining the party and evaluating the advanced as a means to realize their personal interests, and many people are indifferent to their ideals and beliefs, which undoubtedly has a great impact on the cultivation of college students' good employment psychological health. The post-80s college students experience few setbacks, and their adaptability and endurance to setbacks are relatively poor. Single life experience and better material living conditions are often one of the factors that form the incomplete personality of young students. These are obvious in the life and work of college students before and after graduation. These negative thoughts also aggravate anxiety, so if you want to change the status quo, you should also change some of your own moral concepts.

80% graduates in contemporary society have a serious anxiety, and this situation is getting more and more serious. Even our freshmen and sophomores are beginning to feel anxious, but this kind of anxiety always appears when we face some things, far from the helplessness and sadness of graduates facing the society. But what we have to face is that our unhealthy psychological state needs the attention of teachers, schools and society. The most important thing is to overcome anxiety by your own efforts.

References:

12 psychology textbook Zhou Shouzhen Huazhong Normal University Press 2005. Wuhan

3 "Human Motivation Theory" Abraham? Maslow 1943

4 "College Students' Mental Health Education" Editor-in-Chief Lu Jianguo Sichuan University Press

Class five? Dura (Ball Dura) 1977

6. Quan Xizhen's Thoughts on Strengthening College Students' Moral Education and Electric Power Vocational and Technical Education (quarterly), 2006.

Never too old to learn. Never too old to learn.