People are not rich without windfall, and horses are not fat without night grass. -The phrase "to enrich one's knowledge" means to gain unexpected benefits through improper channels, which is a metaphor for wanting to get something that falls from the sky without one's own efforts. I think it's actually corrupt officials who make excuses for taking bribes, that's all. Zengguang Xianwen introduces Zengguang Xianwen, also known as "Xianwen in the Past and Present" and "Reading Xianwen in the Past and Present", which is a very influential reader of Mongolian studies. We are not sure about the author and the date of writing. At present, most people think that the book was written in the middle of Qing Dynasty, because Zhou revised Zengguang Xianwen during Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, and published the book Re-editing and Expanding. This opinion can be said to be the opinion of one family, but what it is remains to be further discussed. The appearance of "Reediting and Enlarging" shows that the book "Enlarging and Enlightening" has been widely circulated since the Tongzhi period in the late Qing Dynasty. The length of Augmented Xianwen is not long, and the current version is only about 3,800 words. In the form of verse, the book arranges aphorisms and aphorisms together, with three words, four words, five words, six words and seven words staggered out, which is flexible, cadence and catchy, thus breaking through the basic format of a sentence pattern throughout the traditional enlightenment books and making the sentences closer to spoken English and easier to be accepted by people. It can be said that this is also one of the reasons for the deepening of the people. Of course, what can conquer people's hearts most is its content. This wonderful article of several thousand words tells the views on interpersonal relationship in the form of aphorisms and introduces the experience of treating people with things. The incisive exposition in the book is not just empty talk, but a summary of China people's experience, wisdom and principles, so it is very convincing, which is also its vitality. The contents of augmented sages are roughly as follows: 1. Talking about people and interpersonal relationships; Second, talk about fate; Third, talk about how to live in the world; Fourth, express your views on reading. In the world described by augmented sages, people are hypocritical. People are fickle for their own selfish interests and love the poor and the rich, which makes the world full of traps and crises. The book says: easy to rise and retreat, easy to turn against easy to honor, there are straight trees in the mountains, there are no straight people in the world, no one says behind them, no one says before, people are as thin as paper, life is like a bird in the forest, and then everyone flies. Since we can't treat each other sincerely, we must pursue something other than the truth, that is, money: living in a poor city. Don't believe me, but look at the wine on the banquet, first persuade the rich. This unhealthy secular phenomenon makes the author feel that it is difficult to draw a tiger's skin and bones. In fact, the book is not one-sided against money. It knows the importance of money: horses are weak because they are thin, people are not romantic because they are poor, people are short-lived, horses are thin and hairy, rich and outstanding, and they are lazy to go out without clothes. The degree of possession of wealth often determines a person's lifestyle. How can I have money? There are two famous sayings in the book. One is that people are not rich without windfall, and horses are not fat without night grass. The other is that wealth starts from rising, and poverty does not count. When money is compared with other things, the book says: money is like dirt, and benevolence and righteousness are worth thousands of dollars. It is better to understand the scriptures and promise one thing: gold is not expensive, but happiness is more valuable. Obviously, Zengguang Xianwen thinks that money is indispensable, but there are more important things than money. There is a lot of emphasis on fate and retribution in Augmented Xianwen, which holds that everything is arranged by fate, and people have a good chance if they do good things. The book says: life and death are determined by fate, wealth is in the sky, everything is not cared about by people, life is arranged by fate, everyone is fate, and nothing is decided by people. People should do good deeds, but if they do good deeds, Mo Wen's future and people have good wishes, and God will bless them. The evildoer will be punished sooner or later: the wicked are afraid of heaven, and the good do not deceive it. Good is rewarded with good, evil with evil, only early and late, good with good, evil with evil; It's not like you don't report it. Plant hemp and you will get it. Mills of God grind slowly but sure. These contents in the book have their negative side, but it advocates good deeds, which is worthy of recognition. Be careful when making friends, be helpful to yourself, drink with your bosom friends, sing poems to others and be friends with yourself. It seems that I am not as good as nothing, saying and listening to a bosom friend is not a matter of playing with a bosom friend. The principle of judging a friend is: the road is long, and Xiu Yuan knows the horsepower, and people will see it for a long time. It is my thief who teaches me well and my teacher who teaches me badly. Good words are good for disease, and good words are good for action. There are many descriptions of tolerance in the book, and tolerance is the way to eliminate troubles and evil. The book says: Forgiving people is not an idiot. Idiots don't forgive people, endure temporary anger, so as not to worry for a hundred days, endure it, endure it; Can't bear to be impatient, small things become big things. When you are alive, you should be careful. Thinking about it is like facing the enemy. In your heart, you often seem to be behind the times. Think twice before you act. Caution and forbearance can reduce contradictions, and this attitude towards life has certain positive significance. Some of the contents in the book are about eating, drinking, having fun when meeting, laughing at peach blossoms at the mouth of the cave, getting drunk today, worrying tomorrow, drinking if you can, and singing loudly. While advocating self-protection, caution and tolerance, the book also emphasizes people's subjective initiative, which is regarded as the principle of doing things. The book says: if you want to survive and be rich, you must work hard, so your mouth is not as good as yours; If you ask for help, you should accept it from the middle; If you don't take it from the middle, you will accomplish nothing; If you don't persuade young people and work hard, the boss will be sad. Although Taoism is the main way to glorify the virtuous literature, it does not exclude Confucian preaching. The book emphasizes the importance of reading and the value of filial piety: reading must be intentional, in a word, no one asks under the window for ten years, and it becomes famous in one fell swoop, and couples suffer less. Filial piety comes first, filial piety comes first, there is no talent in the family, and where the official comes from, the official must establish a phase and strive for the first place. These views reflect the orthodox Confucian spirit, which is different from the Taoist thought infiltrated in the book. However, it is precisely because of this complexity that people with different ideas can see their own proverbs, which makes the augmented literature widely representative. Compared with other books on Mongolian studies, Zengguang Xianwen has one feature, that is, it rarely uses allusions. In the book, only when the wind comes, the Wang Teng Pavilion is transported to the monument recommended by Hong Lei, which is obviously used. When Wang Bo went to Nanchang in the Tang Dynasty, he got help from Madang Fengshen. Despite the long journey, he arrived in Nanchang overnight and wrote the famous book Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion at the banquet of Wang Teng Pavilion. The latter sentence said that there was a scholar in the Song Dynasty who was very poor, and Fan Zhongyan, an official in Raozhou, sympathized with him. Jianfu Temple in Raozhou has an inscription written by Ou Yangxun, and its rubbings were very precious at that time. Fan Zhongyan wants to make some rubbings for scholars. Unexpectedly, the huge thunder shattered the monument. In addition to the above two sentences, the phrase "augmenting the virtuous" can be understood without explanation. Zengguang Xianwen is the best reader of Mongolian Studies, which records many aphorisms and aphorisms reflecting the philosophy of life. These contents are not only liked by children, but also by adults, so that many of them are still widely circulated and often talked about by people. This is the power of traditional culture. Therefore, the value of enriching the virtuous literature can not be ignored. Zengxian Wen is an influential reading in ancient China, which occupies an important position in traditional reading. The value of augmenting virtuous writing is manifold. In order to facilitate children's reading, traditional enlightenment books generally use rhymes and short sentences, such as San Zi Jing and Hundred Family Names in the Song Dynasty, You Xue Qiong Lin and Long Wen Bian Ying in the Ming Dynasty, which are undoubtedly beneficial to children's learning. However, most of these books have the problems of single sentence pattern and too many allusions. For example, Long Wen Bian Ying is a classic throughout, and a sentence pattern of Saint Amethyst runs through it, which makes the children's books modeled seriously and affects the vivid expression of the content to some extent. Augmented Xianwen has made a breakthrough in these aspects, not only using fewer classics, but also staggered long sentences and short sentences, which is flexible and changeable. At the same time, I don't write about compound sentence, which makes Zengguang Xianwen have a different look from other books. The vast majority of traditional enlightenment books reflect Confucian views and represent Confucian thoughts, but this is not the case with augmented literature. Although there are Confucian sermons in the book, it mainly reflects Taoist thought. This is rare in the books of Mongolian studies, which is also its uniqueness. Zengguang Xianwen is a collection of aphorisms. The aphorisms and aphorisms full of wisdom and philosophy in the book are not all the inventions of the author of Augmented Xianwen, but some of them are from pre-Qin philosophers. If you are satisfied, you will never lose face because you know enough in Laozi. If you go together, you will always learn from me. Some aphorisms come from Tang poetry. For example, if the ancients did not see this month, this month was once written by Li Bai according to the ancients. Now people do not see the ancients' month, and this month has changed according to the ancients. In addition, the advantage of being near the water leads to the moon, the flowers and trees in the sun meet the spring early, the wine is drunk today, and the sorrow of tomorrow are all sentences of the Tang Dynasty. There are also some proverbs in the book. Although their earliest origins are unknown, they are widely circulated among the people. For example, everyone only says three words, and my heart can't be thrown away at all. In the ninth volume and 19 volume of the Ming novel "Awakening the World", it was written that husband and wife only spoke three words, but they couldn't leave my heart at all. Plant flowers intentionally, but not unintentionally. In (Volume 1 1), I planted flowers intentionally, but not willows; In Chen Shi (Volume 1), I planted flowers intentionally, but not willows. Beautiful or not, the water in the river, relatives and hometown people appeared in the journey to the west for the fifth time. Don't be honest, be ruthless. See chapter 37 of The Journey to the West. If you are thirsty, you are in a hurry, thirsty as dew, and add a cup after drunkenness. Talking is better than nothing. See Book of Qingping Mountain Hall, Volume III, Biography of Yang Wen Obstacles. Thirty is not rich, forty is not rich, and fifty will try to die. Article 33 of Yu Shi Ming Yan, thirty is not honorable, forty is not rich, and fifty is a dead end. There is still a day when the Yellow River will be clarified. How can people have no luck? This sentence can be found on the back of Yang Meng's 1 1, a dream of yin and yang. As you sow, you reap. This sentence can be found in Xu Shenweng's poem "Save Zhu Snake from Li Yuan Wujiang in Qingping Mountain Hall". In addition, this sentence has appeared in Wake Up the World 18 and Yu Shi Ming Yan 38, but the words used are different. Besides, I won't list them one by one. The spread of these proverbs shows that they have been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and have been recognized. The book also uses some sentences from children's books in the Song Dynasty, such as "Collection of Celebrities" and "Poems of Wonders". Among them, collected from "Celebrity Collection" are: the horse power is known from a distance, the people's hearts are known for a long time, the poor people live in downtown areas and no one asks, the rich people have distant relatives in the mountains, the people's hearts are like iron, the official law is like a furnace, people who have no foresight will have near worries, their life expectancy is less than 100 years, and they are always worried about being a thousand years old, and good and evil will eventually be rewarded, only coming early and not coming late, and so on. Everything in the world is inferior, only reading is high. This sentence is inferior in prodigy poetry, and only reading is high. Judging from the source of aphorisms recorded in Zengguang Xianwen, these aphorisms have been tempered and have a wide influence, which determines that Zengguang Xianwen represents the thoughts of many people and embodies the wisdom of predecessors, which is very different from other books that only represent the author's words. This is another manifestation of the value of this book. During the Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, Zhou supplemented and revised Zengguang Xianwen and wrote Rewriting and Amplification, which was divided into four parts: flat rhyme, adding rhyme, removing rhyme and entering tone. The original text of Zengguang Xianwen was rearranged and many new contents were added. However, the influence of re-editing and expansion is far less than that of the expanded sages. The main reason is that Zhou changed the tone of the original book, and the supplementary content is not as good as the essence of the original book. A refined set of aphorisms has changed beyond recognition, so it is natural that people do not pay attention to re-editing and adding. It can be seen that the irreplaceable position of the literary works is enlarged. As a latecomer of Mongolian learning, Zengguang Xianwen can achieve such achievements, occupy a place in many reading materials, and is worth pondering, keeping pace with (Sanzi Jing, Bai Baishi, Wen, Gan Jia Shi). Although Augmented Xianwen is a rare children's book, it contains many negative and outdated contents, such as learning the tortoise method recently and shrinking it from time to time. In addition, the contents of the book that express the idea of eating, drinking and having fun are not desirable. These dross with feudal limitations have affected the high-quality value of this book and must be criticized. There are many philosophies in this old adage, which are still of high value today! Do you like it, my friend? Maybe my life is still affected by it, but it is a positive influence. ! Take the essence and discard the dross! !