Dong festival
1. Spring Festival
The biggest festival of the year. But festivals are celebrated in different places. Dong people in the northern Dong towns of Xinhuang, Zhijiang, Yuping and Jinping spend the Spring Festival almost as much as the local Han people. Every village with Satan in the south will go to Satan to offer sacrifices to grandma on the first or second day of the New Year's Day. On New Year's Eve, Dong people in Tongdao celebrate the New Year, and the whole family gather around the fire pit to eat porridge, which is called annual sugar rice.
When the cock crows for the first time, men set off 12 firecrackers in order to have a good year. The women go to pick new year's water to make new year's tea. They don't want to pay New Year's greetings. They don't visit on the second day of the first grade. They are invited to eat Camellia oleifera in the third grade and eat in the fourth grade. Xuanen Dong people spend two years a day, which is called Lunar New Year. From the 30th to 15th of the first month, the louder the gong, the better.
2. Dong Nian
According to the Dong people's New Year. It's usually the end of October or the beginning of November in the lunar calendar. At present, most Dong people don't live for more than one year. Only some places still celebrate the Year of Dong. There are two years in these places every year. Call Dong Nian off-year. The Spring Festival is a new year. The Dong village among the 72 villages in Rongjiang celebrates the Year of the Dong in early November of the lunar calendar. Before and after cleaning the house in October, kill pigs and cattle to prepare for the New Year. 1 1 From the first day of the month to the fifth day of the month, large-scale karaoke bars, Lusheng dances and bullfighting activities will be held. In some places, surname festival is also called Dongnian, and each surname festival has a different period. But it's usually in November of the lunar calendar.
3. Wuliang Song Club
Also known as David Liang Song Club. Every year, before the long summer 18 days, the Dong people from the border areas of Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi, as well as the Miao and Yao people, gather in Wuliang, Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Hunan Province, and hold an annual song concert, with thousands of participants and tens of thousands of others. The concert was launched in memory of a pair of lovers who died in hatred.
4. Fireworks Festival
The annual Fireworks Festival of Dong people is held at different times and places. Take Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County as an example, it is the third day of the first month (lunar calendar, the same below), Meilin is the second day of February, Fulu is the third day of March, and Linxi is October 26th. Fireworks are divided into the first gun, the second gun and the third gun. All the guns are tied with iron rings symbolizing happiness and wrapped with red and green lines. When detonated, the gunpowder iron gun was used as the impulse, and the iron ring was washed into the air. When the hoop falls, people take the hoop as the goal and compete for the hoop. What is this called? Fireworks? .
As the saying goes, whoever wins the fireworks will be prosperous and happy in this year. Therefore, when grabbing fireworks, everyone was brave. Everyone rushed to grab fireworks and win glory for the village. There is no time limit for grabbing fireworks. Whoever can send the fireworks to the podium first will win. After the fireworks competition, various entertainment activities began. Lusheng team plays Lusheng on Lusheng field; The old man thrushes under the tree and pulls it home; Young girls and boys take this opportunity to talk about songs. Dong cottages are full of festive atmosphere.
Catch up with the club
Dong people have the habit of catching up with clubs. The driving club is not in the stockade, but in the wild, such as Muping or Tianba, as a club field. Every social day, men, women and children flock to the social arena from all directions. Adults buy things, exchange agricultural and sideline products, and children watch the fun. Girls and young students put on new clothes. The girls wore all kinds of silver ornaments, embroidered waist braids and embroidered purses, which contained sour fish, sour meat and glutinous rice. They were in groups of three and five, all smiles, and invited young students to the club for lunch. Later generations buy candy for girls. For people who meet for the first time, those who love each other and have been in contact for a long time will revisit the old feelings and make an appointment for the next meeting. In the evening, epigenetic also invited the girl to the village for a meal. After dinner, young men and women went into the karaoke bars to sing. Nowadays, catching up with clubs has become a festival for young men and women to communicate with each other, and the club field has become a place for sex.
6. Bullfighting Festival
Dong people's bull running festival
February and August of the lunar calendar every year. Dong people like bullfighting, and every village has a bullfighting competition? Buffalo king? . ? Cow king? Circles are mostly built near the drum tower, clean and ventilated, called? Cowboy? . Niu Wang has a special person to mow grass, carry water and mix materials, and often supplies honey, lard, rice wine and other foods. ? Cow king? He is huge and strong, full of grease, and his horns are thick and sharp, like an open steel fork.
Young people blow lusheng to other villages before the festival? Send an appointment? Invite your opponent. ? Send an appointment? After that, you will arrive? Cowboy? Before playing Lusheng, I worshipped for 3 days instead of cows? Nourish the heart? . When the festival comes, people gather around the bullring to participate? Cow king? Starting with Lusheng accompaniment? Step on the field? : What does this young man write in his hand? Cow king? what's up Horse card? Go ahead, hold your head high, cow? Full of gas. ? Horse card? Followed by a stick? Weapons? Guards and drum bands.
? Cow king? The horn is inlaid with shiny iron sleeves, and the head and back are covered with red silk? Ssangyong grabs the treasure? Niuwang Tower, with four flags and two long pheasant feathers, looks like the ancient one. There is a string of bronze bells hanging around the neck of the cow, which is loud and clear on the chest. ? Step on the field? After the end, Niu Wang exited. Three iron cannons roared and the official bullfight began. Niu Guan threw two lit fires at himself? Cow king? At the front, let go of the reins at the same time, two cows rushed to each other, and the crowd beat gongs and drums and cheered. The loser's bunting should allow the winning girl? Take it away? . Won? Cow king? Put on the red jersey and enter the stadium again to receive cheers. If you can't score, you should put a brown rope around the cow's hind legs and pull them apart, shaking hands and making peace. A few days later, the winning girl went to return the lost colored flag, and the lost young man gave a banquet and sang with him. Dasong? Also give gifts? Redeem the flag? . Which stockade? Cow king? Winning is the glory of the whole village, so there are people singing and dancing to celebrate after the bullfight. Dong nationality in Guizhou province in recent years? Cow king? , and will go to some big cities to perform pancratium, making this special entertainment culture more famous.
7.8 15
Dong people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15. Besides eating moon cakes and enjoying the moon, they also have some special contents. Are there young men and women socializing in Beidong Township? Brother delivers cakes on August 15? Activities. After drinking wine early that day, the young students carried moon cakes on their backs and met the girls at the appointed place. After meeting, sit down according to the traditional procedure of garden friends. In the afterlife, take out the moon cakes and arrange them in even numbers, and persuade the girls to eat them with songs. The girl thanked her with a song.
While eating moon cakes, the two sides complained to each other in songs and vernacular. Don't say goodbye until the sun sets. When breaking up, the boys packed the remaining moon cakes and gave them to the girls. Does Xinhuang have it? Stealing an eclipse on August 15th? The custom of. It is said that stealing other people's fruits and vegetables on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival will bring health and happiness. Under the moon? Steal? Food can only be eaten in the wild, not taken home.
8. Sowing Festival
Dong people living in the border areas of Hunan, Guangxi and Guizhou hold a traditional sowing festival on the third day of the third lunar month every day.
Because people's hobbies are different, the content and methods of activities in different villages are also different. Some stockades set off fireworks on this day; Some are standing on lusheng and sitting in karaoke bars; Some invite guests. The funniest thing is. Jumping spring cattle? . Then the farming team will carry out grain growing activities. The whole performance venue was regarded as a field. Several people played farmers, some with plows, some with hoes and some with bamboo baskets. They moved fields, plowed fields, transplanted rice and harvested them vividly, and expressed the joyful atmosphere of Dong Jia's farmland cultivation with songs and dances.
9. Girls' Day
Ethnic minorities in Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi will celebrate the eighth day of the fourth lunar month? Girls' Day? . According to legend, this custom comes from the surname Yang of the Dong nationality. On this day every year, married girls go back to their parents' home to spend the holidays with their sisters and aunts. At that time, the two sisters sang and laughed, and together they made a festive food-black rice cake. When they go back to their parents-in-law's house, they will also take a lot of ebony rice cakes and share them with relatives and friends. It is better to make up for it. Girls' Day? The loneliness of boys on this day. Eating black rice (also called black rice) on April 8 is an ancient custom, which is said to commemorate Yang Bamei, the heroine of Dong family. Black rice is a specialty of Dong nationality, which is made by soaking leaves with black pulp juice. Glutinous rice? Dyed black and cooked.
10. Taste the new festival
? June 6, when the grass is ripe early? . Dong people regard this day as New Year's Day, and some places choose auspicious days to try new things.
On the first day of Hunan Channel, dogs are distinguished guests, so the new rice is ready for dogs to taste first and then taste. Because it is said that in ancient times, a terrible flood happened and all the seeds were washed away. It was a white dog, flying across the ocean, rolling on the flat ground of the western queen mother, covered in grain. When he came back, all the lines on his body were washed away by the water, only the tip of the dog's tail stuck on the water had a few lines. It is on these grains that mankind has developed to this day. In order not to forget the dog's contribution, Xingu asked the dog to taste it first. Nian Nian Festival is the same festival in Dong area, and the content of Nian Nian Festival is similar in different places.
Liping county said? Taste a new festival? For what? Tianqi Festival? , commonly known as June 6th. Many Dong villages make zongzi on this day, also known as Zongzi Festival. In particular, the Dong people in Zhaoxing, Cenjiao, E Long, Shuikou, Donglang, and Xinping townships have a particularly grand life, second only to the Chinese New Year.
1 1. Catch the concert.
The 20th day of the seventh lunar month is a grand festival for the Dong people in Gaoba area, Jianhe County, Guizhou Province. On this day, the girls and the boys made a clean break, made an appointment with their partners and rushed to the Gao Bai Opera House in twos and threes. Prior to this, young people generally completed farm work ahead of schedule and actively collected, rewritten or newly edited a large number of folk songs or love songs; So as to compete with the strong players in the Song Dynasty at that time.
At noon, the green grass slope at the head of Gaobazhai, the center of the song-catching meeting, became a sea of people singing. Food songs, love songs and folk songs with unique tunes come and go. Young men and women use song parties to find their new and old friends, express their feelings, talk about what's going on in the world, or sing intoxicating love songs alternately until dawn the next day. Many young people become happy partners by singing. According to legend, the Gaoba song-catching party was held to commemorate a Dong female singer who was faithful to love.
12. Winter Festival
What is that? Winter solstice? On this day, people in all Dong areas celebrate the Dong Year, which is equivalent to the Spring Festival. Activities in various places are very lively, such as Lusheng, leafy, Dong opera, duet and other colorful activities, as well as friends who can't go home to celebrate the Year of Dong in Nanning, Guangxi every year? Winter solstice? On this day, many Dong compatriots in Nanning will get together to sing and communicate.
13.？ For also?
? For also? It's Dong sound translation, which means to be a guest. But this kind of guests are not ordinary guests, but group guests who visit each other from village to village. What's it called in local Chinese? Eat local food? . Generally held in spring or after autumn, it is the largest social entertainment activity in Dong township. Scales range from 20 to 20? 30 people,/kloc-more than 0/00 people. Men, women and children can participate. Everyone should bring a singing team, a troupe, a Lusheng team and money for chanting. In advance, the Hakka village will post to the main village, and the main village will accept the post, and the two sides will agree on a date. Every household in the main village is ready for reception, and the guest village organizes teams to make preparations before departure. Liping, Rongjiang and Congjiang from Guizhou? For also? The team is mainly composed of singers or troupes. When the guests came to the main village, the girls in the main village blocked the village door with scarecrows, cloth or benches, looms, buckets and other items and sang a song that blocked the road.
After the two sides answered, they fired guns to welcome guests, slaughtered pigs and cows, and received them warmly. ? For also? During the period, the whole village became a stage for entertainment, and activities such as singing, singing opera and bullfighting were going on. When the guests left, each girl took out several handkerchiefs woven by herself and hung them on bamboo poles as gifts for the guests. I also want to make lunch for the guests on the way with fish and glutinous rice. Sanjiang in Guangxi? For also? Bring the Lusheng team. Lusheng players wear clothes with feathers and their heads on the tail of chickens. When passing through other villages, play "Passing Songs" and don't enter the village. When we arrive at the main village, the song of entering the village will be played. The Lusheng team in the main village played "Welcome Song" to welcome the guests. After entering the village, the host and guest teams entered Gulou Ping to compete for Lusheng. After the game, Lusheng team and other guests gathered on Gulou Ping. When Laoye Village gave the order, the host rushed into Ping? Rob customers? . They snatched the chicken tail from the guest's head, and the guest went home with them, eating and drinking, and having a good time. Play lusheng again the next day. In some places, there are activities such as stepping on karaoke bars, singing duets and competitions. Celebrate 3? Five days later. Before we leave, we should hold a banquet for the whole village. The banquet will be held in the Drum Tower or on Yufeng Bridge. During the dinner, one guest and one host recited money words and hymns.
14.？ Why, hey?
This is a grand group exchange activity among Dong villages in the south, which is called by Dong family. Why, hey? . Do you have this? Hey? In order to deepen the friendship between the two villages, the two sides agreed: during the first month of the lunar calendar every year? Why, hey? That is to say, all the men, women and children in the family home will visit the family home collectively (or in a limited number) this year, and all the men, women and children in the family home will visit the family home collectively (or in the same number) next year, so as to strengthen the traditional intimate relationship between them through such collective activities, much like friends with the nature of alliance. Is village b going to village a? Why, hey? You need to write in advance. If the house thinks the conditions are ripe, you can write back and prepare for the reception. When the guests arrived at the village entrance, the girls blocked the village entrance with cloth and other things to sing? Lu Ge? After the two sides answered, they fired their guns to welcome the guests. Kill pigs and sheep, and receive them warmly. During the period, duets, performances and bullfights were held. ? Why, hey? Generally hold 3? Five days. What time? Why, hey? After the event, when all the guests have to leave, except the main village? Block the road? In order to express their retention and farewell to the guests, the girls each presented several towels and hung them on bamboo poles. Wrap several packages of glutinous rice in straw bags, which contain pickled fish and bacon, and give guests lunch on the way; The main village also sent a calf and a lamb to the guests to stay for what? Tail? To show that we will continue to communicate in the future. When the guests left the village, the main village also sounded iron cannons, played gongs and drums and played lusheng. All the men, women and children in the village saw the guests off in a happy atmosphere.
15.？ Top？
This is a collective social activity for young men and women in Nandong Village to visit each other and make friends. What do Dong people call it? Top？ , also called what? Eat acacia? . The activity time is between the first month of the lunar calendar every year, usually more than 7 days. What is the procedure of the activity? Why, hey? Basically the same. The difference is that it's from village b? Luohantou? Or? Girl's head? Organize twenty or thirty young men and women in the village who are enthusiastic about communication and like to go from village to village, form a Dong Song team or a Dong Opera Troupe to sing Dong songs and perform Dong operas in Jiazhai, and carry out various cultural activities to communicate with young men and women in Jiazhai through the way of having fun with the young. Young men and women from both sides are here every night? Ge Tang? Are you online? Singing and sitting at night? Love, write songs, increase mutual understanding, and have flu sex. After the exchange activities, when the guests leave, the young men and women in the main village will not only use it? Block the road? In addition to staying or seeing off guests, we should also send some sweets, cakes, glutinous rice Baba and other foods as a friendly affection for the young men and women in the village to bring back to Village B. When the guests return to the village, all the young men and women in the village are invited to enjoy all the delicious food given by their homes, and everyone will sing while eating until they break up. There's no disrespect. The following year, young men and women in Zhai Yi invited young men and women in their homes as guests. In this way, the young men and women in the two stockades invited each other in turn, went to the stockade together and visited each other, thus achieving the goal of making friends and forming friendships.
The origin of Dong nationality
Dong nationality (d? ng z？ (Dong people) are mainly distributed at the junction of Guizhou Province, Hunan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province. In addition, there are tens of thousands of Dong people in Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang and other provinces. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the Dong population was 2,960,293. Some of the Dong people are North Dong people, and more than 654.38+100,000 people who speak North Dong dialect live at the junction of Guizhou and Hunan provinces in the south of China. Most of the northern Dong people live in Xinhuang County, Hunan Province and Tianzhu County, Guizhou Province.
Dong people call themselves Gaeml (pronounced like Chinese? Fuck? 、? Hey? Or? More? Word), according to the United Nations? Named after the master? Principles, international standards? Cam? 、? Jin ren? . What's the name of Dong nationality? Hey? , found in the literature of the Song Dynasty. Appeared in the Ming and Qing Dynasties? Is it beautiful? 、? Vivi? 、? People? 、? Dongjia? Wait for him to weigh. After the founding of New China, they were collectively called Dong people. Common name? Dong Jia? .
Dong people use Dong language, belonging to Zhuang Dong language family, which is divided into two dialects: South and North. Originally, there were no words, but Chinese was used. 1958, Establishment of Dong Language Scheme for Latin Alphabet. The most commonly used Chinese.
Mainly engaged in agriculture, operating trees. Forestry is famous for producing Chinese fir. Mainly produce fish and japonica rice, and cultivate and cultivate high-quality rice varieties unique to China? Xianghe glutinous? (sweet rice); Make good use of rice fields to raise fish, create and inherit? Rice, fish and duck were born? Cultural heritage of dong nationality's organic agriculture. Dong Opera has its own folk drama. Drum tower, rain bridge and rain pavilion are the main symbols of Dong nationality. Yufeng Bridge is named after a long corridor bridge house that can shelter from the wind and rain. The famous Chengyang Wind and Rain Bridge in Sanjiang has been designated as a national key cultural relic. There are five multi-legged pagodas on the bridge, and there are railings on both sides of the passage, which are shaped like verandas. The bridge structure does not need nails, but only needs to cut holes in the columns and connect them obliquely through the straight sleeves. Exquisite structure, very strong, amazing.
Xiao, Di and Lusheng of Dong nationality are one of the traditional Chinese musical instruments. Dong people are also good at architectural art, and each stockade has a unique wooden building. This nail-free, riveting-free wooden structure has absorbed part of the essence of ancient pavilions and pavilions in China, and the representative buildings are: wind and rain bridge and diaojiao building.