Question: "The virtuous and the virtuous change their color." He said: "'I have never seen anyone who loves virtue as much as he loves sex'. 'Go away from slandering the slutty and value virtue, so you should encourage the virtuous'. It has been clearly stated. "[Confucianism]

"Parents can do their best in everything." You should do your best in everything, don't be pushed, only do seven or eight points, and leave two or three points. 〔Chun〕

Maybe you ask, "Serving the king will lead to one's own body". Said: "To give one's body is like sending this body to him, and then we will see how he will use it in the future." [Shiju]

, it is not for one's own selfish purposes. [Written in the Ming Dynasty]

Yuan Zijie asked about the chapter "The wise and the wise change their color". Said: "If you have good aptitude, you will also be poor. Learning is just to understand many things." [Shiju]

Han Chen said, "Although it is said that he has not learned, I will definitely call him learned." The teacher said: "Is this a mistake that has been learned? People are naturally good at it, and they can do these things without learning. However, if they are allowed to learn, they will not be able to learn these things. Therefore, although people are I think I haven't learned it yet, but I must think I have learned it. Since this is the case, even though I may think that I have not learned it, I must think that I have learned it. "Said: "It must be that I have learned it before and not learned it?" He said: "The teacher said, 'It is not the beauty of nature, but the perfection of learning'." : "That's right." He said, "Today I wanted to read the chapter 'A gentleman is neither important nor powerful', but I found it to be a little longer, so I don't dare to be greedy for too much." He said, "It's okay to take a slow look, as long as you ponder over and over the sage's decrees. Find where to go. "He also said: "I feel sick recently, and I am afraid that I will not have much time to come. If I want to win my friends, I have to pass on my heart bravely." [Nansheng]

Zixia’s words are inevitably harmful. Just like Confucius's previous chapter, Zixia's chapter is full of sincerity, which is very serious. However, there is such a person today. If he were not knowledgeable and talented, he would not be able to do this. But Zixia spoke too harshly, so he was said to be "too restrained in his speech." [Kui Sun]

"Although I haven't learned yet." There are people in this world who are highly talented and can do many things. But Zixia's two sentences were said to be "killing", so Wu said that his words were harmful. 〔Ming Zuo〕

"'Yise' must be said as 'Love virtue is as good as lust'. If you change color, I'm afraid there are too many words in it. This is just sincerity in respecting the virtuous." Question: "Among these four things, is it possible to achieve the ultimate goal?" He said, "This position is inconsistent." Asked: "Yichuan said, 'It's just learning to seek this', how about it?" He said, "This is the same as 'learning' The words are in it. Zi Xia's original words mean that there is no need to learn. Wu Cailao said Zi Xia's words are the same as Zi Lu's "Why study". The meaning is good, but the disadvantages are that it will abandon learning. If you have enough energy to practice, you will be able to study literature and be righteous, which can be said to be a "love of learning". This is the saying of a sage. Zixia said that "killing" is not as good as the above. This is what the sage said. "[Qian]

"I must call it learning." Zixia's words were very exciting and meant that he was overreaching. The sage is not like this. Let's look at "if you have enough energy to practice, study literature", how complete it is! He just wants to go against the original, so he says it so passionately. For example, Ji Zicheng said: "A gentleman only has quality, why should he use literature as a basis?" This is all a radical argument. Zigong said: "The writing is still the same as the quality, and the quality is the same as the writing." This is also a disease. The quality is different from the text. "How many words can ruin a country?" The sage said, "You can't say just a few words." For example, "Only say what you say and don't violate it." He also said that if it is good and don't violate it, it is indeed good; if it is not good and don't violate it, it will ruin the country with just one word! For example, "It is better to be extravagant than to be polite." "Frugality; mourning, rather than ease, it is better to be happy." Although they are both biased, when discussing them, we must say that luxury and ease have different degrees. When saints speak, they feel as if they are on the level of the earth. When Xiang Bogong saw this, he thought he could see it. [He Sun]

Lin Yizhi asked about the chapter "The wise and the wise change their color". Said: "He emphasizes what is important and despises what is trivial. It is indeed a passionate speech, and he feels that it is more emphasis on one side. The sage's words are calm, such as: 'Ritual, rather than extravagant, it is better to be frugal; mourning, rather easy, Ning Qi. 'Don't say etiquette is only about frugality, but mourning is only about Qi. The teacher said in the annotation to the collection: "This is not as good as the previous chapter. But working hard and waiting for things are more important than the above, such as being filial and being filial to brothers, so Zixia said, 'I must call it learning.'" [Yigang]

One might ask the Master, "Then learn literature." Zixia said in two chapters, "I must call it learning." Said: "The words of the sage are in order from the beginning to the end. His words are fair and upright, without any danger or danger. Zixia's words are lopsided but not fair, dangerous but not easy, narrow but not broad, so there are inevitable Disadvantages.

However, Zixia's intention is to put people first, which cannot be said to be wrong. But if we compare it with Master's words, we can see that it is just like this. "[Heroes]

"If a gentleman is not serious, he will not be powerful." This is the way. "Lord and faithfulness" means honesty and simplicity. "Zhu" is the most important word. Cheng Zi said: "There is no truth in being dishonest." "It's like going to the south of the water, but it's said to go to the north of the water. If you haven't actually gone to the north of the water, there is no such thing as going to the north of the water. [Ming Zuo]

The most harmful thing is to be light. If you are impetuous, what you learn can be solid. . Therefore, "the principles of learning are not solid", which means that they are not serious or authoritative, but only one thing. Faith. [Zhen]

The only way to be human is to be faithful. If a person is not faithful, he is like a tree without roots and water without roots. They are all empty. Now we should look at ourselves and see if we can do what we want without violating things. If we do not do what we want and do not violate things, then we are being dishonest in everything we do. These four are all important for self-cultivation. Among them, "Loyalty and Trustworthiness" are the most important. Learning is just a matter of course, and it is not possible to be sincere when making friends, so one must be "loyal to the Lord" and say it again and again. [Nan Sheng]

Question: "How about the clear saying that 'if you are not sincere, you have nothing'?" He said: "If this is true, then it is true." And now it would be absurd to say to people, "I am in the east, but I went to the west to go to that other side." "Q: "Yichuan said, 'Those who are loyal and trustworthy, if you use people's words, it is true'. Why?" He said: "If people say it, it is loyal; if you don't use people's words, it is just a fact." For example, "Sincerity is the way of heaven" is just a fact; for example, "Sincerity is the only way in the world" is just what people say. "[Qian]

Qian Ji notes the section "Nothing sincere". It says: "The heart has no shadow, but only when it is sincere does it exist." Nowadays, if people are sincere in doing things at the beginning, but then become lazy and careless about the future, they will only have something in the first half and nothing in the second half. If you reach nine points, there will be no sincerity in this point, that is, this point will be nothing. "[Shiju]

asked "Humanity is only about loyalty, sincerity is nothing." He said: "Whenever things come, I should respond with all my sincerity, and then there will be such things. If you do one thing and your heart is not focused on it, then it will not be accomplished, that is, it will be gone. If you are reading, if your heart is not here, then you do not have the book. "[He Sun]

"The only way to be human is to be faithful, and to be dishonest is nothing." Objects are just things in front of you, and they are all called things. If you are honest, you will have this thing. If you say solemnly in your mouth, your heart will If you are arrogant and honest in your mouth, but you are deceitful in your heart, then the things you receive will seem to be ordinary, and you must be able to see what is right and what is wrong in reality, and be determined and unchangeable. Only if you want to be good. , there is also a meaning of doing evil; if you want to do something right, there is also a meaning of doing something wrong; this is just untrue, how can there be anything! [He Sun]

Question: "The only way to be human is to be loyal, and to be dishonest is nothing." . Said: "To talk about the truth without really being the truth is to be 'disloyal and without substance'." It is said that one has done good deeds, but he has never done anything good; he has said that he has done evil, but he has not done any evil deeds, so there is no such thing. 'Sincerity is the beginning and end of things, dishonesty is nothing'. For example, if a person does something sincerely, there will be a beginning and an end; if there is a discontinuity, there will be nothing in the future. "Loyalty leads to virtue." It means you have this kind of character, and then you can advance into virtue. For example, Yan Zi's "Three months does not violate benevolence", but there is a beginning and an end before it is violated; when it loses its care, there is nothing, and it must be continued again before there is an end and a beginning. But the saints of heaven and earth have never stopped breathing. "Wei Tian's destiny, Yu Mu is endless", how can it be interrupted. If there is a break, nature will be dead! When a pen is born, it is a person; when it is born, it is an object, and it never gives birth to a false person. "Zhong Si asked: "If the yin and yang are wrong, and the rain is out of time, can it be said to be sincere?" He said: "It's just a mistake, not a false bottom, it is still real. People just don’t want to have something on the outside and nothing on the inside. And if you read ten times, your mind is present in the first four times, but not in the last six times, and you only read it orally, then only the first to fourth times are the beginning and end. After the sixth time, it just seems like it has not been read before, and there is nothing. "And asked: "If I don't offer sacrifices, if I don't offer sacrifices,' is that 'insincerity and nothing'?" He said, "Yes. "[Bo Yu] Daofu said: "Fei Qing asked, 'Humanity is only about loyalty, there is nothing insincere'. Said: "If you talk about doing good, but you don't try to get good; if you talk about evil, but you don't get rid of evil, it means nothing." For example, when people do things with sincerity, there will be a beginning and an end; if there are interruptions, there will be nothing. The creation of heaven and earth and the virtues of saints are not even a breath away. "Wei Tian's destiny, Yu Mu is endless", Hechang is intermittent.

If there is some discontinuity, then the creation is dead! If a pen gives birth to a person, it is a person; if a pen gives birth to an object, it is an object, and there is no falsehood. "The Taoist asked: "The yin and yang are wrong, and the rain is coming from time to time, can it be said to be sincere?" He said: "Although it is wrong, it is just wrong, not false, it is still real. People don’t want to have something on the outside and nothing on the inside. '"

"To have no friends is not as good as oneself", and to be friends with those who are better than oneself. [Renjie]

Question: "'To have no friends is not as good as oneself', to be a friend who is not as good as oneself." , then you will not be friends with others who are better than yourself. Said: "No." People naturally have to face the deep and think they are high. "[Qian]

Question: "How does the word 'one who has no friends be inferior to oneself' compare to 'win over oneself'?" He said: "To win over oneself means to be like oneself. When people make friends, they must be beneficial. If it is not as good as me, how can it be beneficial? When my friends are not as talented as me, I have no sense of awe and instead feel insults. This is of no use. "[Yigang]

It is a disease of a person to have friends who are not as good as himself. Uncle Zhou Gong took it too far. Those who are above, I will teach them; those who are below, if they are good people, I will teach them; in the middle, I will teach them. If you are better than yourself, you will be a friend. If you are not good enough, you will not reject it. But if you are not close to someone, you must let him go. If benevolence is not as good as one's own, it will be detrimental but not beneficial'. Now if I want to choose someone who is better than me to be my friend, then he will definitely think that I am inferior and will not be my friend. Although you want to be friends with them, how can you be friends with them safely?" He said: "If you don't have them, it's a forbidden word. But I cannot seek those who are inferior to myself, and when they come, how can I get them? If this is the case, then we can also see those who are worse than ourselves. "[Daofu]

Brother Zhao asked, "If you don't have friends, there is no one who is worse than yourself." He said: "When it comes to making friends, you must seek to win over yourself. And if you want to learn composition, you must discuss it with someone who is better than yourself, and then make some inventions. If you only discuss with those who are not as good as yourself, then those who are good to you may not know it, and those who are not good to you may not know it. I only see that they are invincible and have no intention of encouraging me. How can this not be harmful?" Zhao said, "But if there are those who are invincible to me, we will never be able to deal with them." He said, "If those who are invincible come to me and ask for help, they should not refuse." That's it. The saint's words only teach people how to seek friends. "[Zhuangzu]

asked: "'No friend is as good as oneself', Yichuan thinks of him as a comrade, so what?" He said: "This is a mistake. As a teacher, you seek those who are more virtuous than yourself, and as friends, you seek those who are victorious. As for those who are unworthy, you should reject them. What the sage said does not mean that one must seek to defeat oneself. Nowadays, when people look for friends, they will stay away from those who are better than themselves; if they are not as good as themselves, they will be close to them. This statement is intended to save scholars from their illness. "[Learnable]

Asked, "Who has no friends who are worse than myself?" He said: "This is why I seek friends who are worse than myself." If someone who is not as good as me comes to beg me again, this is the saying of 'Tongmeng begs me, and I beg Tongmeng'. The senior said this, probably because he was discouraged by his intention not to be friends with those who were inferior to him, so he said it was wrong. In fact, they are not contradictory. "[Shiju]

Wu Zhixian asked "Don't be afraid of correcting if you have made mistakes." He said: "Chengzi said, 'If you know something is not good, you can quickly change it to do good'. The twists and turns focus on the word 'quickly change'. If you don't change today, you will ruin things for two days; if you don't change tomorrow, you will ruin things for four days. Today people are just worried about the difficulties and getting by. "[Baht] Shi Julu said: "The most important thing is to focus on the word 'speed'. Whenever there is a fault, if the fault becomes deeper today, the good will become smaller. If you change things today, good things will start to accumulate from now on. "

To learn and make it easy to practice, there is nothing better than respect. With respect, all diseases can be cured. For example, in the chapter "If you are not serious, you will not be powerful", respect is the main idea and should not be confused in the sentences. It is necessary to be respectful and then not to be disrespectful. For example, "the Lord is loyal" is also due to respect. If you are not respectful, it will be disrespectful. Why should you be the Lord! "No friends are as important as yourself", and the same is true. If his actions are detailed and slow, he will be able to tell. If he speaks casually, he will be able to speak easily. If his actions are careless, he will be able to tell easily. [Bo Yu]

"Zhu Zi Yu Lei" Song ?Zhu Xi