Interviewing is a necessary way for reporters to dig out and capture news materials and trigger news inspiration. It is also one of the most basic social activities of journalists. In order to produce high-value and distinctive news works, in addition to the fact that journalists themselves must have superb writing skills, the key is that interviews must be in-depth.
As a journalist, I am trying to discuss my experience and practice in interviewing, and I am willing to ask my colleagues for advice.
News is factual reports that have recently happened, are happening, or will happen. This objectively determines that reporters must conduct interviews in depth and objectively, and reflect the news facts completely and accurately. In-depth interviews have their own unique advantages.
1. Flexibility
The so-called flexibility refers to the diversification of eclectic, free and flexible, and in-depth interview methods. During the in-depth interview process, journalists can freely choose the interview angle and method according to the interview content and needs, or listen first, ask first, or read first, and obtain special news materials through multiple channels and methods.
2. Authenticity
Only by going deep into the scene, going deep into the front line, going deep into the grassroots level, and conducting in-depth interviews can it be possible to obtain original, authentic and credible news materials, and effectively avoid and Overcome inaccurate reporting.
3. Typicality
In-depth interviews can enable reporters to make friends, expand news information channels, broaden their horizons, and discover vivid and typical examples from the complicated social life. Important news.
4. Timeliness
By conducting interviews directly and in-depth, you can win quickly, discover things that are difficult for others to discover, and overcome the shortcomings of "detours and circles", so as to quickly pass the interview. An efficient way to disseminate news events to media audiences and readers in a timely manner. Based on the above points, in-depth interviews do have incomparable advantages over ordinary interviews. So how can we achieve in-depth interviews?
First, insert the pole to the bottom. Generally speaking, the interview format is nothing more than the following: assignment style; invitation style; head-to-head style. In addition, reporters generally choose their own interview subjects. Interviewing is like searching for treasures in the all-encompassing world. Only by "grabbing" and "searching" can you discover something new, touching and valuable. There is a saying that goes well, news reporting is like picking up noodles with chopsticks, sink it to the bottom, squeeze aside, and pick it up slowly. Regardless of whether you are a radio reporter, a TV reporter, or a newspaper reporter, the ultimate goal is to get good news and obtain good materials, so that listeners, viewers, and readers can be educated, inspired, and understand the truth. This requires reporters to intervene in multiple ways during the interview process, to go deep in multiple ways, and to dig at multiple levels to discover the freshest, most touching, most vivid, and most interesting news events in life. Collecting news materials is as greedy as a profiteer, and the choice of angles is like a tax collector's picky, unique approach, microscopic insight, tracing back to the source, and striving to have a wide range of interviews, strong selectivity, and collect something that everyone has in mind. Only in this way can news reports be interesting, vivid and touching, and attract readers.
Secondly, we must learn to observe. Being good at observation and using observation correctly is an effective way to delve into the connotation of news during interviews. Sometimes when we want to interview one thing, one person, one unit, or several things, several people, or several units, the basic material is already very specific. Does this count as in-depth? I don't think so. Audiences, listeners, and readers must fully and accurately understand the truth of things, and observation is an important link that cannot be ignored in reporters' interview activities. From perceptual practice to rational understanding, from quantitative change to qualitative change, from one-sided to comprehensive, from superficial to in-depth, there is a process of deepening understanding, but the occurrence and development of problems are often accidental. By conducting meticulous observations of the interviewee's language, actions and surrounding environment, the reporter can not only enrich the reporter's interview content and prompt the reporter to think, but also discover the deepest and most essential things through a certain phenomenon. Thus writing more targeted and persuasive news. If we don’t observe and understand deeply and just believe what we hear, false news may appear and mislead listeners, viewers and readers.
Journalists must dare to break through superficial phenomena, learn to observe from multiple angles and in all directions, study carefully, think repeatedly, strive to see clearly, listen carefully, listen humbly to different opinions from many aspects, and consciously use the stance, viewpoints and methods of dialectical materialism, It is necessary to eliminate the dross and select the essence, remove the false and retain the true, and completely reflect the true face of things. Do not follow what others say or hearsay, so as to avoid inaccurate reporting.
Third, macro interviews and micro interviews must be combined. To achieve the organic unity of macro and micro, it is necessary to correctly master the interview methods of "from here to there" and "from the outside to the inside". "From here to there" is to explore the internal laws of things through comparison through external connections, here refers to association; "from the outside to the inside" is to grasp the essential characteristics of things in the study through the surface phenomena of things, here It refers to the depth of thinking. Some people say that an interview is considered in-depth if it is an overall and comprehensive macro interview based on asking, listening, watching and interviewing. In the author's opinion, this can only be considered half of the interview work. Practice tells us that on the basis of macro interviews, we must also conduct micro interviews consciously, from multiple aspects, and from multiple angles to further enhance the thoroughness and completeness of the interview work. This makes the interview material more specific, complete, typical and vivid. To achieve this, we must establish a truth-seeking and pragmatic attitude, pay attention to all-round investigation and research, and not be an "interviewer" or a "visitor from outside the world". We must have the courage to make friends with the people being interviewed, see the essence through the phenomenon, and see the essence through the phenomenon. Look at the macro and the micro, start from the macro, explore the micro, and finally make the interview activities achieve the macro and micro complement each other and dialectical unity.
Fourth, we must be diligent in using our brains and pay attention to thinking. "Newness" is the most essential feature of news, and deep thinking is a prerequisite for obtaining good news. When conducting in-depth interviews, when collecting news, we must grasp the word "new" and focus on the word "deep". We must not only collect and understand various news materials extensively, but also be diligent in using our brains to capture and excavate the shining points in life in thinking. At the same time, there must be a spirit of hard work and dedication. Some people say that journalists are as busy as bees making honey. Professional characteristics determine that journalists must constantly go deep into the front lines, go deep into the grassroots, and conduct in-depth actual investigations and research. They have to endure all kinds of hardships to gain sweet fruits. At the same time, we must also pay attention to overcoming the rigid and dogmatic interview mode, keep an eye on all directions, listen to all directions, think carefully, be diligent in thinking, analyze and think. I have a lot of interview materials at hand, I have a solid family background, and I have the time at my fingertips to select the best from the best and the best from the best, so that the news I interview is loud and clear, and has the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort.
In short, if you want to produce good news and works, you must have a realistic attitude, the spirit of enduring hardship, a dialectical perspective, a correct understanding of the relationship between phenomena and essence, and strive to look carefully and listen carefully. , collect accurately, and treat every interview carefully