Question 1:D

Question 2:C

Question 3: A.

Question 4:① When you want to do an evil thing, you may hesitate and give up halfway for fear that your friends will know.

(2) (between friends) Praise each other's good deeds and criticize each other's bad deeds, so much for making friends.

Question 1:

Test analysis: When answering questions, we should put the real words back into the original text for understanding and correction, and use verbs to make … correct, which means to correct and correct. Right: Ask for guidance to correct. This kind of test questions is intended to examine the usage of notional words in classical Chinese. The flexible use of parts of speech is also often mixed in it. Here is an example. C central defender: translated as admiration, it should be intentional. Therefore, we should consider the phenomenon of flexible use when answering.

Question 2:

Test analysis: the first "er" in item A, a conjunction, indicates a turning point, but; The second "er", a conjunction, means inheritance. The first "zhi" in item B, a structural auxiliary word, cancels the independence of the sentence; The second "zhi" is a structural auxiliary word. Item c, the two "then" in the conjunction, is. The first "one" in item D, the conjunction, the purpose, and the coming; The second "to", preposition, take. When answering questions, you should put the function words back into the original text for understanding. First, the meaning of the original sentence should be determined according to the context, and then the meaning of the function words should be determined according to the meaning of the original sentence. If we can't distinguish the usage of function words in meaning, we can judge it from the relationship before and after function words.

Question 3:

Test analysis: ① ④ ⑤ is the way of making friends advocated by the author; ② ③ It is the way of making friends criticized by the author. This kind of test questions can basically be answered by two-step exclusion method. However, it should be noted that the basis of exclusion is accurate translation and understanding of sentences.

Question 4:

Test analysis: First, find out the key words or sentence patterns to be translated, usually literal translation, except for some figurative words, and then translate them as a whole. According to the norms of modern Chinese, fluent sentences can be achieved. The keyword (1) translates "bad" into evil, "nature" into however, "or" into maybe, and "wandering" into indecision. (2) "Respect each other as guests" is translated into mutual praise, "Wei Xiang" is translated into mutual criticism, and "the way of friendship" is translated into the way of making friends.

Reference translation

There are five ways of learning in the world, one of which is friends. Friends are used to analyze doubts, encourage good deeds, learn from each other and improve moral cultivation. Therefore, kind people must choose friends. I don't understand a truth. I can't get by after studying for ten years. Ask my friend, and (maybe) I will suddenly understand. Without friends, even if we can finally understand this truth, time will be delayed for a long time. When people do good things, one person will slack off when doing them, and when doing them together, they will inspire each other with energy. However, when you are ready to do something bad, you may hesitate and stop halfway because you are afraid that your friends will know.

Alas! The way of making friends has been declining for a long time. (Most people) are busy chasing, following the trend, and seeking profit only. Once the general trend is gone and the interests are exhausted, it will be alienated; Some people flatter each other when they meet and slander each other behind their backs. Such people can't be friends.

I have observed that people who make friends with each other now get together for no reason, drinking, eating, having fun, and chatting with each other about some indulgent remarks, without restraint. This is what Confucius said: it is difficult to achieve a career when everyone talks about problems together but does not involve justice! Some are either relaxed and decadent. They associate with friends, and there is nothing to learn from each other. That's what I'm worried about. I think one can't live without friends, and friends can't get together often. At ordinary times, they are behind closed doors and concentrate on doing their own things, just like there is a boundary in the field. After a while, my friends met once, and when they met, they raised their own problems and questioned each other: How much did my friends learn in the days when they didn't meet? How much do you know that you didn't know before? How many things have been done and practiced over and over again so as not to forget? Good people and good deeds praise each other, bad people criticize each other, and so is the way to make friends.

I am a guest in the capital and live outside it, while Mr. Zhang Hongxun from Zhenze (county) lives in the capital, six or seven miles away. Every ten days or half a month, Mr. Zhang must go out of town to meet me. When we meet, there will be a calligraphy, a scroll and some poems, which will be taken out of my sleeve and enjoyed with me. It is appropriate that what he is good at is getting better and better. For a long time, his poems have become more refined and richer day by day. He collected his poems into a collection and asked me to write a preface. I admire Mr. Zhang for picking me up with poems every time he goes out of town, and I am ashamed that I have nothing to ask Mr. Zhang for advice, and I also have some feelings about the way of making friends, so I wrote this article as the preface of Mr. Zhang's poems.