Zhang Dafu, a native of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, likes to make friends and read books. He is knowledgeable, open-minded and has unique interests. Just as his friend Chen Jiru said in the preface to "Notes on Plum Blossom Cottage", "If you are poor, you can't entertain guests; if you are old, you can't buy books, but you should study hard; if you are old, you can't learn from others, and you won't know who you are until you study."
This book is 853 books, from emperors and ministers to literati and monks, trees and flowers, birds and animals, human dreams, spring, summer, autumn and winter, all written in words. From this, we can appreciate the style and social customs of the people of the times and refresh people's eyes and ears. Because it records the secular affairs such as Fugui Valley, reclamation, Caohe River and shipping, it is also enough to prepare for history.
There are also some works praising the prosperity of the Ming Dynasty in Notes of Plum Blossom Cottage, such as Volume XIII "The Beginning of Taichang", which shows a peaceful scene: "When Taichang began to pay taxes, why didn't you pay Guan Liang at the same time? The turbulence of the dance, that is, women and children all live in poor lanes, cost one hundred and thirty. People don't see their suffering, they like to talk about state affairs, and they want to hide their tears, such as mourning, if there is such a thing. " This article is full of nostalgia for the Ming Dynasty. It should be pointed out that the popular version of Notes of Plum Blossom Cottage in Qing Dynasty, after being revised and supplemented by Sun Tingyi and Zhang Dafu's money, is bound to show sentimental feelings and nostalgia. Sun Anchun clearly wrote in the preface: "Gentlemen, teachers and friends, who admire each other, all fall in love with my father first, and every legacy is prepared with respect." Monologues and poems exist alone, and it is not Jiuyuan's great fortune! "This sad narrative reveals great anti-Qing sentiment, so this book was banned during the reign of Qing Qianlong.
The main feature of this book is that "love and things are often cold words." For example, in the eleventh volume of the Doctrine of the Mean, the author takes "digging a pond to get fish from the sun" and "counting money to buy fish for release" as two examples of unkindness, but the author goes on to write: "If you don't raise or kill, you are called a bodhisattva, alas! The golden mean is extremely difficult, and the people are rare for a long time! " As we all know, The Doctrine of the Mean is one of the Confucian classics, and the Doctrine of the Mean is Confucian ethics, which refers to an impartial and impeccable attitude in handling things and is considered as the highest moral standard. The so-called increase of one point is too long and the decrease of one point is too short. "Everything is not too hot. But the author of Bitan confuses it with the inaction of Laozi and Zhuangzi. It's not that the author doesn't know the meaning of the "golden mean", but deliberately misinterprets it. For example, in the fourteenth volume of "Don't make people know", "The famous saints always blurt out their words:' The people can make it, but they can't make people know. "
Why can't my husband be a knower? Yesterday Changle didn't care if he saw the rise and fall of the king. His husband knew what he couldn't do! "People can make it unknowable", which is the view of the sage Confucius. Ignorant, Changle is the name of Feng Dao in the Five Dynasties. Feng Dao was a "tumbler" among the rulers all his life. The author used Feng Dao's attitude to ridicule and refute Confucius' ignorant views. How convincing! It not only attacked the fallacy that "the people can control but don't know", but also exposed the extremely selfish view that the rulers only know how to protect themselves. For another example, in the second volume of "Lifting the Industry", the author wrote in the form of discussion and question and answer: "Lifting the industry can be as exciting as possible, but there is no gain in giving it to the truth. Try practicing Chuanmei instead. Li Zi said,' You should be ill. Why don't you use the acid skills of Confucian scholars? Don't worry about jealousy! "It is understandable to give meaning, but I hate the ears of non-Confucian scholars most. If only Confucian scholars were willing to take their own spit!" "
It can be seen that the author hates Confucianism very much. "Bitan" also likes to borrow the past to discuss the present, promote the good and suppress the evil. For example, in the first volume of "Tang Ziwei", the author wrote bluntly, "I looked at heroes of past dynasties, generously promised to sprinkle cups, and benevolence and righteousness were thoroughly remoulded, so I made great achievements with others. I don't care about my face, but my heart has changed when I make wine. " The author thinks that this bad habit of talented people with a heart and a face is caused by society: "A scholar who holds talents from all over the world accidentally gets tired of negative customs, commits himself to grass, makes friends with a vegetable maid, and the horn scarf is too big. This is also called madness and sadness!" In the first volume of Dream, the author tells the story of Fo Yin, a monk, cooking pigs and waiting for Zi Zhan. Zi Zhan still has Xiaoyun's eyes and sings when he wakes up, revealing his eternal and independent thoughts.
There are also some chapters in Bitan that record daily life and are full of life interest, such as drinking music, tasting wine, eating oranges and eating bamboo shoots. In the first volume, the record is as follows. Only when you have a clue when you take care of the rest home can you sit quietly in it with a stove and take a nap without getting dizzy. I am happy to hear my son's book, but when the stove is full and the stove is full of wind, the tea will be cooked. It doesn't rain in March, and the well water is like dew. Why come to Hui Quan if you knock on the door and leave a jar? Tired of Zhang Sheng's greedy mouth, family members in flood season said: Lao Ji got two water-benefiting devices and a Baoyun spring, and I took two flavors. Because of the taste, my son read Li Tuoweng's book and burned it quickly, but he was unusually awake and healthy. I remembered that in mid-May, he burned a lamp in Wucheng, tasted the taste of spring, and called himself Renyin's first night. How did this happen today?
The opening sentence of Pinquan describes a happy family picture: in the noise of boiling tea, the father was sleepy, and suddenly he heard his son Lang Lang's reading sound, which made him "overjoyed", but then the author smiled and recalled the "first night when Pinquan lit the lights" with his friends in Wucheng, so he ordered his son to read Li Zhi's "Burning Books".
Another example is "eating bamboo shoots": when frozen bamboo shoots are unearthed, they taste mellow and smooth, but they are not greasy. They are covered with so-called pure gas, and there has been no spring for more than ten days. But bamboo shoots are hard, and they still exist between teeth and cheeks after eating, and dust returns to dust. The book smiled.
There are also some chapters describing scenery and flowers, which are short and concise, but can be enjoyed in the Qing Dynasty, such as Ten Volumes, Yuet Hua and Rose. : "When I came in the morning, her color was gratifying, and the flowers and plants in the courtyard were flourishing. What is an angry person? " Yin is cold and restrained, rain and dew help you, and the road is long and Xiu Yuan is Xi. You can write a poem saying, "I get angry when I get close to vanilla, so I splash soup to taste new politics." From then on, I knew how powerful it was, and I didn't worry about people after ups and downs. "
It was cloudy and rainy, so I sat in the lounge that day and went to bed without thinking. However, the young woman said that the colorful clouds under the moon are bright and colorful. At first, Bai Yunfei's ears were beautiful, and the colors were different when she was on the moon. Zhou Huan was like a wheel cover, and moonlight was also the moon. The essence of water should bloom after rain, in autumn and winter, and in spring. It is also appropriate to reflect the long drought in the rain.
I will enter the county town three days ago, and there are some roses on the shelf. I want to laugh, but it's a pity. If I come back, I am lonely and begging for rain, and the scenic spots are full of curtains. Therefore, my children are arrogant and infatuated, and I have no self-love. It is better to be ethereal and graceful.
The sentence "I want to smile" vividly describes the delicate and feminine flower posture of roses. As a famous person who enjoys himself, there are many chapters describing flowers in Bitan, such as the third volume "Chiba Plum": "The green calyx is the best for plum. However, I didn't see the green plum in Chiba. On the 29th day of the first month of last year, I met Wei's South in my bookstore. This song is fragrant and green, and Ying Ying is urging me. I lit the lamp and it came on. Wu Sheng plays the piano from time to time, Shen Sheng plays the flute, Li Sheng plays music, and Su Yu doesn't know how to drink. I'm drunk. Now, a year has passed, and the plum calyx is light and cold. I want to see that place once in a while, in the words of Wang Weilie of Xushan. It's true that everyone will get drunk without wine. It's no wonder that when we look at this painting a year later, everyone thinks they can smell the fragrance.
Seeing flowers, drinking, brew tea and enjoying spring are the favorites of these celebrities, and talking about poetry and painting with ancient masters is their yearning. The article "Yan Zhi" in the first volume of Bitan clearly expresses this desire for life: "The pure boiled rain splashed on the tiger hill, and after the temple, there were several tanks, and the windows were bright and clean, and the magnolia trees began to disperse." I'm afraid this is the highest ideal of China intellectuals' life picture, but can it really be realized? How many people can do it? That really can only "ask God if it is convenient".
There are also some chapters in Bitan that record things about family and friends. Although the material is small, people and things are very vivid. For example, Volume 7 of My Daughter: Shen Sheng's far door was just completed, and then the fire in his neighbor's house spread to his house. Several children, old and young, fought to protect the bag, while my filial piety moved under the bamboo forest of the second child to avoid the fire, and the action stopped as usual. I deserve my daughter. People say they are poor and tired, but they don't know where to worry, so they are lonely. On that day, Mao Yi rescued two children from the fire through everyone's struggle to protect wealth and Xiao Bo's "walking as usual", and the image of a calm and calm woman appeared in front of him. No wonder the author proudly said "I'm ashamed of my daughter", and some described some strange things, such as Gu Daomin, "Gu Daomin on the river, who often travels between streams, knows one person well, is not elegant, day after day, sees his son and mother cry, and people ask for advice. People dare to do anything when they say" I ".You can stay away from food for a few days, which is different and you can't know the difference for a while. Although "I don't know the specific difference", Gu Daomin's warm-hearted enthusiasm is equally touching for solving problems for people who are just strangers.
Bi Tan, like other famous literati, also involves some textual research, such as "Cold Food" Volume II: "Zuo Shi has nothing to do with burning mesons, and Liu Xinxu said that Sima Biao read it and Zhou Ju ordered it to be too yuan, so cold food was banned and many people died, so he moved mesons and banned smoking for three days. This is nonsense. There is a hatred for the poor, and you can't escape from the mountains. As for burning wood, you will die: Zhou Shusi lived in the middle of the spring and was banned from the country by wood fire. As the cloud says, there must be fire. This is the place of the Cold Food Festival: "No matter the origin of this cold food festival, which is more credible, we can know that there was a cold food festival at that time. The existing Notes of Plum Blossom Cottage includes both Plum Blossom Cottage Collection and a separate edition.