These original folk arts mainly include 3 1 kinds of local sketches, such as Yunyang Phoenix Lantern, Two Bamboo Tenors, Yunyang Erpeng, Yunyang Siliu Sentences, Boating, Clam Dance, Lion Dance, Dragon Lantern, Float, Huangzhou Ideas, etc., which fully demonstrate the charm of local folk arts and make the audience full.
For thousands of years, the ancestors of Shiyan have left us many folk customs, which are valuable cultural heritage. There are many folk customs celebrating the Spring Festival in Shiyan area. From the twelfth lunar month of the first year to the fifteenth day of the first month of the second year, almost everywhere is busy. South of the Han River, Jingchu and western Sichuan are rich in flavor; North of Hanshui River, Shaanxi style is elegant and popular, and it permeates the territory.
Kill a pig
Killing pigs is one of the most important contents of Shiyan people's busy year, starting from "entering the ninth". Pork is generally not sold in 2008, and it can't be eaten during the New Year. Therefore, killing pigs after entering the ninth year is to make bacon and save it for the next year. In poorer families, pigs are too small to eat, and they are not killed until around the twentieth day of the twelfth lunar month. Shiyan folk song "December" sings: "The twelfth lunar month is twenty waxes, and every family kills pigs. Cut the meat, hang it up and take it to my sister's house. "
Everyone rushed to kill pigs together, so they became familiar with the pig killers. The pig butcher is so greasy that everyone who sees him on weekdays avoids him. Can enter the twelfth lunar month, no one thinks he is dirty, and queues up several days in advance. The heavy and greasy pig killing tool basket was also helped to clean and grab.
On the day of killing the pig, the owner of the pig got up early, set up a firewood stove on the ground in front of the house, and put a big iron pot on it to chop wood and boil water. Feed the pigs to be slaughtered with delicious food, and then invite butchers, helpers, and relatives and neighbors who drink pig-killing wine (pig blood soup) together. Old people come to wait for pigs to soak their feet, and little kids wait for pigs to soak their feet. ...
In the past, children in the mountains didn't have any toys, so when they killed pigs, they just grabbed a pig urine bubble and blew it into a balloon to play with. They all gathered around when they saw the pig killer's internal organs burst. At the moment they cut off the pig urine bubble, they first caught it, rubbed it on a stone, blew it into a basketball, tied it with a rope, and turned it into a "balloon" outside the cloud nine. Children who don't rob often take advantage of their unprepared, poke pig urine bubbles, and soon flinch. Never mind, that family has killed pigs again. The children rushed like a mountain, like a gust of wind.
Old people used to wear straw sandals in winter, and their feet were cracked with cold. If they use killing pig blisters, they won't crack next year. As a result, people who kill pigs and freeze their feet rushed there. After the pig's hair is shaved, put the boiling water in the big footbath. Everyone put their feet in the footbath together and soak their feet with a smile.
After killing pigs and curing meat, butchers, helpers, relatives and neighbors all sat around the spacious table in the yard, drinking and eating meat, and never returning until they were drunk.
Nowadays, children have more toys, and old people have warm boots. The custom of blowing pig urine bubbles and soaking feet with pig killing water has also disappeared.
Spend the next year.
In Shiyan area, the small annual leave falls on the 24th and 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, commonly known as "the army, the people, the four tyrants and the twenty-fifth" ("overlord" refers to the soldiers who went out late). There is a phrase "Early Years of Jiangxiang" in Wen Tianxiang's Twenty-four Poems in the Southern Song Dynasty. "Fang County Records" Volume 11 "Customs" records: "On the 23 rd, I worshipped the kitchen god, and the common cloud was played by Sun Kitchen God. Housewives clean the cauldron, light the lamps, offer offerings such as chewing gum, glutinous rice paste and bean candy balls, and say,' A few words are sweet'. He also put black beans and inch grass on the plate, thinking that the kitchen god could make a harness. After the sacrifice, the whole family went to worship and gave candy to the children. Sitting together at a banquet is called' having a small year'. Naturally, flutes, drums and firecrackers will last all night until New Year's Eve, which is called "a noisy year". There is a saying in the Shiyan folk song "Love Song": "On the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, every family will celebrate the New Year, tell the Kitchen God to go to heaven and bless Lang's return. "In fact, the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month is mainly a sacrifice to the kitchen god, and people regard it as a festival of off-year.
Kitchen God is also called Ye Ming. The Shiyan folk song "Killing pigs and sheep to sacrifice to the gods" says: "Tang Master, Kitchen Master, Kitchen Mother and Sun, bless my whole family." The love song also said, "On the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, grandpa four will go to heaven. Eat a lollipop in your mouth, and there will be fewer rumors in front of the jade emperor. " Ge Hong of Jin Dynasty wrote Bao Puzi Wei Zizhi when he was practicing in Wudang Mountain: "On a moonlit night, the kitchen god also went to heaven." Therefore, before dark on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, there were many children selling kitchen god portraits and kitchen god pictures in the streets and villages, because every household cleaned the walls in front of the kitchen and behind the kitchen, and then put on new kitchen god portraits to burn kitchen god pictures, so that Siming could ride a flower horse and eat kitchen candy and kitchen cakes. Couplets are posted on both sides of the new Kitchen God statue, with the upper part saying "God speaks well" and the lower part saying "The lower bound is safe".
After dinner, put incense burners, candles, yellow paper, eight cooktop cakes, a plate of cooktop candy and other offerings on the cooktop, burn incense and light candles for the whole family to worship. Some don't burn the kitchen horse, catch a big cock with a green tail, put a knife bowl on the ground in front of the kitchen door, and kill the chicken to catch blood. Leave three long pieces at the chicken head, chicken wings and chicken tail when removing chicken feathers, and say "red rooster, Green Tail and Kitchen God ride on the sky". After the sacrifice, the whole family ate biscuits and candy.
In the 1970s, the custom of offering sacrifices to the kitchen god gradually disappeared. There are still old people in the mountains who worship the kitchen god and cook candy.
Dazaotang
Cooking stove candy is the 22nd of the twelfth lunar month. There are three kinds of boiled sugar: glutinous rice, sweet potato and corn. If glutinous rice and sweet potato can't be produced in the mountainous areas of the south of the Yangtze River, corn is used to boil sugar. When sugar boils, it cools and hardens. Knock it down with a hammer when eating, hence the name "beating sugar". Add sesame, peanuts, etc. To beat the sugar, stir-fry, put into the mold, finalize the design, cut into pieces, that is, stove sugar. And popcorn and cooked soybeans. Sacrifice the kitchen god with sugar, which means "sticky mouth", so that the kitchen god can put in a good word the day after tomorrow.
Stove cake is made of glutinous rice bread and sugar, like a big copper coin, in a half-moon or full-moon shape.
Catch up with the wedding
After the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, Siming Ye went to heaven and there was no god on earth. It's all auspicious days. Marrying a daughter-in-law and a girl naturally doesn't depend on the date. Folk customs call it "robbing marriage". Therefore, from childhood to the 29th of the twelfth lunar month, no matter in cities and villages, no matter in Jiangnan or Jiangbei, people rushed to marry and have children. In the streets, you can hear the sound of gongs, drums, horns and firecrackers everywhere. Brides' sedan chairs often meet face to face, and the two brides hand out exchange gifts from the sedan chairs, which are called "greeting gifts" to express their congratulations to each other. The children are very busy these days, running around looking for their wives, picking up firecrackers, grabbing candy and touching red eggs. A few years ago, the custom of getting married by sedan chair began to disappear. In recent years, young people are new to ancient customs, sitting in sedan chairs, followed by a series of cars. The ancient custom has become a new trend.
dust
There is a saying in Shiyan that "the dust sweeps the house on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month", which means to sweep away all unlucky things except Chen Buxin. On this day, people dust in the morning and celebrate the New Year at noon or at night to make it clean and hygienic.
On the morning of the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, the whole family got up early and began to move the furniture into the yard or rice fields. Large objects that cannot be moved are covered with cloth or paper. Pull down the curtains and take down the photo frame ... The man puts on old clothes, puts on a straw hat, ties a brush or feather duster on the top of a long bamboo pole, and goes upstairs first and then downstairs; First, dust the floating dust and cobwebs on the roof, roof and wall in turn, and then clean the corners. When the house is cleaned, wash the furniture, air it, and then restore it.
At this time, mothers and sisters are busy. After dust removal, the whole family bathed and changed clothes, and the hostess and eldest daughter scrambled to bask in the sun to wash bedding and clothes. Wait until the night of the twelfth lunar month, put the new clothes of the whole family on their beds and keep watch at the same time. The bed at home is arranged, and we have to get up, put on clean bedding, and let the guests sleep during the Chinese New Year.
Beat tofu
Shiyan is rich in soybeans, and almost every family will make tofu during the New Year, and the time is chosen around the 25th of the twelfth lunar month. Tofu will be sour if it is beaten too early; It's too late, too busy. Therefore, Shiyan folk song "Xiao Lang goes to Sichuan" sings: "On the 25th day of the twelfth lunar month, every family will make tofu. I remember that my husband is outside and cries every day. " Why are you crying? One is looking forward to Lang's return, and the other is too busy to make tofu alone.
"Tofu makes a hundred dishes", which can be made of soybean oil skin, tofu blocks, frozen tofu, smoked dried tofu, thousands of skins, fried tofu dishes, lazy tofu and so on. Crispy cakes are a special dish in Fangxian County, which is very popular in Shiyan in recent years and is a must for every household to celebrate the New Year. The crust of this crispy fried roll is soybean oil skin, and the inner roll is meat, and then fried. After the tofu is cooked, it is defoamed, the surface is cooled to form a film, and it is uncovered with a bamboo pole. The operation process is called "exposing soybean oil". Soybean oil skin is high in protein, thin and bright, and it is not easy to be damaged. Soybean oil peeling is very profitable, but it needs certain peeling, drying and harvesting techniques. After tofu is cooked, some of it is bleached or frozen with water, and some is fried and other fancy dishes. The Shiyan proverb: "The year of the Communist Youth League is inseparable from tofu dishes", which is the truth.
Beating tofu is a busy job. Soak the soybeans first, soak them thoroughly and then grind them. Pushing the small mill by hand and feeding water and soybeans to the grinding eyes while pushing it is very tired. The kidnapper grinds one person to push, one person feeds soybeans, and one person can't. After grinding the soybean milk, you have to filter the pulp with a "bean curd shaker" to remove the residue. The so-called "Tofu Dangzi" is to tie a filter cloth at the four corners of a suspended wooden cross, then pour the ground soybean milk into the filter cloth, and the filtered soybean milk flows into the cauldron under the "Tofu Dangzi". Fill the stove under the pot with large pieces of wood, turn on a big fire, stop the fire when the soybean milk rolls, skim off the foam, dry a few pieces of soybean oil skin, and then transfer the soybean milk from the pot to the vat. Then pour the gypsum juice prepared in advance into soybean milk, which is called "ordering tofu". Tofu is exquisite, gypsum juice is too tender, and the amount is small; Too much, too thick, tofu is too old and tastes bad. When the soybean milk turns into bean curd, pour it into a wooden box, cover it with a thick board suitable for the wooden box, and press it with a big stone to squeeze out the water. This is called "pressing tofu brain". The same is true of dried beancurd and thousand layers of skin.
There are many processes and hardships in making tofu, and it is even more difficult to make tofu alone. The man is out and won't come back at the end of the year. How do single women at home make tofu? It is easy to understand that the woman who expects her husband to return in folk songs "will cry one day"
Some picky families have to filter all the tofu they have eaten in the past year, so they can't afford to eat soybean oil skin. The tofu made in this way is green in white, with no "honeycomb" and fresh entrance.
A noisy year
Chinese New Year is to worship ancestors before New Year's Eve every year, which means to celebrate the New Year with ancestors. "Qing Fang County Records" Volume 11 "Customs": "On the 26th, ancestors were recommended to drink preserved wine and eat in groups, which is called' noisy year'." "Preserved", dried meat, preserved fruit. "Recommended", straw mat. "Luan", a tree. That is to say, after the 26th day of the twelfth lunar month, every household should bring food and wine to the ancestral graves to worship their ancestors. When offering sacrifices to ancestors, choose a place under the big tree in front of the grave, spread a straw mat, and put tables, fruits and buns on it. Grave-sweepers, on behalf of the whole family, pay New Year greetings and toast to their ancestors to show the reunion of Yin and Yang and nostalgia.
Steamed steamed buns
Shiyan people usually steam steamed buns around the 26th of the twelfth lunar month. As the folk song goes, "On the 26th, every family was busy, and the pot lit a fire. Chop oil residue, mix flour sugar, chop firewood and steam. " Steamed steamed bread is selected on the 26th of the twelfth lunar month. First, as the Chinese New Year approaches, steamed buns can be placed after the Chinese New Year. Second, in recent years, people have become more and more busy, too busy to eat. There are several cages of steamed buns, which can be used as the bottom when you are hungry. Chinese New Year's steamed stuffed buns are generally made of oil residue, tofu, radish, vermicelli and dried tofu, which are both oily and fleshy. You can't make sugar packets with pure sugar. Stir-fry the flour and mix with sugar to prevent the sugar juice from flowing out when the steamed stuffed bun is bitten open.
Chinese New Year's steamed buns are not called steamed buns, but called "dinner steamed buns" for good luck. Because "steaming" is homophonic with "truth" and "steamed buns" is homophonic with "grinding", it is unlucky to say "steamed buns" in the New Year.
All kinds of steamed buns 10. The great god who respects the family provides breakfast from New Year's Eve to the seventeenth day of the first month. The cracking of steamed stuffed bun is called "laughing", which means that there will be good things this year. Medium-sized steamed bread can be sacrificed to ancestral graves and eaten with sacrifices to pray for ancestors to protect themselves from disasters. Steamed buns are offered to the earth god and then taken back. All steamed buns should be topped with five plum blossoms or wrapped with big red dates.
Although it is "steamed rice", there are actually many steamed buns. Besides meat buns and sugar buns, there are other patterns, such as fish buns, snake buns and chicken buns. There are also children made at home, which are given to children to make them happy.
Write a pair
Shiyan people usually paste Spring Festival couplets and door paintings during the New Year. Spring Festival couplets, also called "couplets", originated in Fu Tao. "Fu Tao" is a rectangular red wooden board hanging on both sides of the gate of the Zhou Dynasty. Book of Rites: "The peach symbol is six inches long and three inches wide. On the mahogany board, Shen Tu and Lei Yu are written. On the first day of the first month ... the peach symbol was made by the household, named Shenxianmu, which was feared by all ghosts. " Notes in History of the Song Dynasty and Family History of Shu: "Meng Changjun, the master of the later Shu Dynasty, ordered Zhang Xun, a bachelor, to write a poem on the Taoban, saying,' Welcome the New Year and celebrate the Long Festival'." This is China's first Spring Festival couplets.
The legendary hades are Shen Tu and Lei Yu who can catch ghosts. Huangdi Neijing is quoted from Ying Shao's Custom Pass in the Eastern Han Dynasty: In ancient times, two brothers, Shencha and Lei Yu, lived on Dushuo Mountain. There is a peach tree on the mountain, and the shade is like a cover. Every morning, they will review the ghosts under the tree. If an evil spirit harms the world, tie it up and feed it to the tiger. Later, people painted Shen Tu and Lei Yu on two mahogany boards and hung them on both sides of the door to ward off evil spirits. In the Tang Dynasty, the portrait of the door god became the harmony of the Qin Dynasty, and later became the god of wealth Zhao, Guan Yu, and later added the Taoist Raytheon.
The door gods are "brothers", and Shiyan has the custom of posting by officials and people in urban and rural areas. Rural people pay more attention than urban people. Even the poorest families should try to stick couplets and door gods on the New Year. In the twelfth lunar month, in order to prevent the mountains from being closed by heavy snow, the villagers carried a basket of corn early and went over the mountains to sell grain in the city. Those people on the low hills pick a load of firewood or charcoal to go to the market. After selling the money, the first thing to do is to buy incense, wax, paper mounting, lovers and door gods. The red couple and the breeder were wrapped in baskets and hung on the pole, and they walked contentedly in the street, forming a folk picture of buying new year's goods and couples.
At that time, there were many stalls writing couplets and drawing door gods in the streets and alleys of county towns and rural market towns. There is dry red paper and black ink all over the floor before and after the booth. Illiterate people gathered around, let the seller look carefully, felt very appetizing, and picked it out and bought it.
Rich people who love to show off and don't understand literature and ink often spend money to put on a facade, and have long invited literati (mostly teachers) and painters to party at home. Painters bow their heads to paint and seldom speak; People who write compositions and pair up shake their heads, think hard and innovate. Half a day later, the room was full of couplets and door paintings. The host family was happy and shouted like a scholar: "Dear distinguished guests, please sit down. You worked hard for me and drew a door god. I have prepared thin wine, please drink enough. " Everyone responded together, drinking in a big bowl, eating meat in large pieces, and getting drunk. After dinner, the literati chose the works left for the host's family, and left with the hidden pairs and door gods. The remaining couplets and door gods have become gifts from the host to relatives and friends.
Spring Festival couplets and door gods are two pairs of "spring trees" planted on various doors, which are written with auspicious and festive words, setting off a school of spring scenery and the flavor of the year. Today, many people also post couplets and door paintings for the New Year, but they are all similar printed materials with monotonous style, without the amorous feelings of ancient transactions and the excitement of writing.
Dig lotus root
The Shiyan folk proverb says, "On the 27th of the twelfth lunar month, digging lotus roots does not wash mud." Why did Dutch farmers dig lotus roots in the cold December 27th? Here is a sentence.
Shiyan people celebrate the New Year, and everyone cooks lotus roots. Lotus root can be stir-fried in cold sauce on New Year's Eve. When the wine is half full, it is a good dish to serve a plate of tender and crisp hot and sour lotus root slices or diced Chili lotus root. Half a month before and after the Chinese New Year, the lotus root will dry up after being left for a long time, and it will be bought on the 27th of the twelfth lunar month. It will be kept moist and fresh with mud and can be released. Especially Oda lotus root is easy to cook, delicious and popular. Lotus roots such as the lotus pond in Fangxian County, the Liu Liping in Danjiangkou and the level of Zhuxi were all pretty goods in the old society, and they were not sold until the end of the twelfth lunar month. They sell it for three pounds a catty, with mud. Therefore, the farmers "stay in the field and wait for the New Year".
It is hard work to dig lotus roots at the end of the twelfth lunar month. Sunny days are fine, but catching up with frost, ice or snow is even more bitter. Lotus roots are robbed in snowy days, and digging lotus roots in the ground is not afraid of evil (snow). A few days ago, the lotus root field was filled with smoke. Groups of people stood on the ridge of the field, digging, guarding and buying and selling lotus roots. In the past, there were no waterproof boots. The lotus root digger stepped barefoot into the muddy water with ice residue, shoveled the mud with his arm, touched the lotus root with his hand, and carefully lifted the lotus root along the long direction. A complete lotus root emerged from the mud, and the digger showed off the lotus root with numb hands and feet. People who are happy to buy lotus roots are heartbroken and full of praise, shouting "Come up and keep warm". The fire on the ridge was lit by the residual lotus leaves and hay picked up from the branches by women, children and lotus root dealers. Smoke from kitchen chimneys curled up over the lotus field, and lotus root incense smoked cold. Who says Nong Xin is not bitter, just to earn more money? From dawn to work, a person can dig a load of lotus roots, and a lot of hard work has been rewarded. At noon, housewives fry a meat and a vegetable, and put a pot of hot yellow wine on the ground for them to eat. Those who want to buy lotus roots give the whole pack of cigarettes to the lotus root digger, and sometimes bring some candy to the children, just as a joke with the woman who digs lotus roots, that is, to buy clean and good lotus roots. At this time, people who dig lotus roots are very popular and disdain the second-hand dealers who come to buy them. Second-hand dealers went to Zhang Tian and Li Tian, and finally bought thin and rotten residual lotus roots, but they still made money, because the residual lotus roots were also pretty good at this time.
Crispy fried vegetables
The customs of Yunyang crisp frying in Jiangnan and Jiangbei are different. Jiangnan borders Sichuan and Xiangyang, while Jiangbei borders Shaanxi and southern Henan. Crispy stir-fried dishes absorb the surrounding characteristics and are influenced by Wudang Taoism and exile culture.
Crispy cooking refers to putting food into a boiling oil pan, frying it and storing it. The "Spring Banquet" in Shiyan New Year custom is very particular. In addition to more dishes and more patterns, it is simple and time-saving. Crispy stir-fried dishes can be changed into patterns, can be pieced together temporarily, and are indispensable. Crispy fried dishes can be put together in cold dishes and thrown into the soup pot, so the Shiyan proverb says, "On the 28th of the twelfth lunar month, everyone cooks crispy fried dishes", which is actually to make new year's dishes in advance.
Shiyan crisp fried dishes can be divided into two categories in taste: vegetarian, local, urban, Shan Ye, Taoist and Gongguan, which are salty, sweet, spicy, sour, crisp and soft. Crispy and crisp, soft and chewy.
Stir-fried meat dishes are fried by mixing animal meat with other foods; Vegetarian cooking means mixing sweet potatoes, wheat flour, miscellaneous grains, potatoes, vegetables, wild vegetables and so on. Wudang Mountain Taoist Temple takes "Wudang Eight Treasures (tofu, gluten, fungus, mushrooms, yam, Polygonatum odoratum)" as the main material, and cooks various vegetarian dishes, such as fried pork chops, fried eel, yam, Polygonatum odoratum, etc., which are all "meat" products that make pilgrims salivate during lent.
Here are two ways to fry "pork chops": cut winter bamboo shoots into "bones", wrap them with soybean oil tendons, make pork chops, mix them with egg juice, and fry them in an oil pan. Jinliang is crisp and delicious, and the shape is confusing enough; Deep-fried "eel", cut a big mushroom into finger-wide strips, fry it slightly and then change into pieces. The back is black and the flesh is yellow, which looks like eel slices. Add green pepper, carrot and black fungus, stir fry, and the green, red, yellow and black are distinct, with good color and fragrance.
The common stir-fried dishes in Shiyan are crispy fat, crispy ribs, crispy whole fish, crispy chicken balls, crispy duck wings, crispy spring rolls, crispy leaves, crispy tofu balls and lotus root clips. Jiangbei is characterized by sweet potato balls, oil buns, whole quail and mutton balls. Jiangnan is characterized by crispy rolls, mung bean balls, potato balls, beef balls, radish balls and so on. Modern imported crispy fried dishes include lion head, crispy dog meat and crispy donkey meat.
Steamed new year's dishes
Shiyan folk proverb says, "On the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month, steamed meat cooks bones." There was no supermarket before, and there was no finished steamed vegetables in the market, so every household prepared a steamer. Large families prepare large steamer, and small families use small steamer. Steaming steamed bread, rice and rice wine at ordinary times, and steaming vegetables during the New Year are called "eating meat in a cage".
Steamed vegetables are divided into meat dishes and vegetarian dishes. Steamed pork dishes include pork belly, steamed pork powder, steamed ribs and so on. Chicken, duck, cow, sheep and fish can all be steamed vegetables. Medium-sized pottery bowls are used for steaming vegetables, because they taste good. Fill the bottom of the bowl with the bottom dishes, such as braised pork and mushrooms, and add the main ingredient soy sauce beans; Chestnut chicken nuggets; Mutton and beef with radish or carrot; Old ducks pad old lotus roots, etc.
Buckling meat is not eating meat. Mushrooms are steamed and soaked in oil, and with the unique flavor of soy sauce, they are a good dish for bibimbap after drinking. For this bowl of bottom dishes, dried vegetables are hung under the eaves of Shiyan families. Steamed pork with rice flour is also a popular steamed dish. In Jiangbei, rice mixed with corn flour, or glutinous rice mixed with rice, mixed with spiced powder, and mixed with meat in a cage will make the meat taste long. Jiangnan uses alpine "cold water red" rice flour and spiced powder to mix meat slices. Steamed meat buns are red and fragrant. Unfortunately, the yield of "cold water red" is low, and now it is basically extinct.
Zhuxi steamer is a special steamed dish in the south of the Yangtze River. Its main ingredients are bacon (preserved pig's trotters, preserved duck, preserved chicken, preserved pork chops, preserved pork tripe, etc. These bacon are mixed with ingredients in a big pottery basin, then add coriander, fungus, tofu and pickled old sauerkraut, and steam for about four hours with high fire. "The steaming basin came out of the cage, and the heat dispersed. The host spoke and sat for three glasses of wine. "
Busy years are not tired, but they are also happy. When the new year's goods office enters the door, everyone is beaming. After the pig was killed, all the dishes were served. Just waiting for the New Year's Eve, decorating, pasting couplets, lighting a big whip, having a family reunion dinner and having a happy family.
The Spring Festival is a happy day for thousands of families to get together. People outside want to go home and reunite with their families, and their families expect people outside to come back. Whether you have money in your pocket or not, it is everyone's wish to get together in the New Year. Eating a reunion dinner on the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month is the most representative activity in folk customs.
Family reunion during the Spring Festival
In ancient times, couplets were pasted in pairs, facing the gate, with the big one on the right and the small one on the left. Stick the couplet on the right, the couplet on the left, and cross the lintel. The lintel is aligned with the mortise and tenon with the word "spring" or "blessing", and then stick the door god. The pens for pigs, cows, sheep and chickens are marked as "Six Livestock Flourishing", the granary as "Feng" and the looms and spinning wheels as "Changing careers" (meaning making money).
Stick the word blessing. In Shiyan, most people put the word "Fu" on doors, walls and lintels during the Spring Festival. Some beautify the word "fu" into pictures, and some embed the word "fu" in the birthday girl, peach blossom and grain harvest, pinning their yearning for a happy life.
The word "Fu" is reversed, which means "Fu has arrived". It is said that during the Spring Festival in the Qing Dynasty, the palace was illiterate and the word "Fu" was posted backwards. King Jing wants to kill this guy. At this moment, a scholar came and kowtowed at the door. Who asked what happened? He said King Jing was blessed. Who urged the newspaper? When the prince came out to ask, the scholar said, "I think the word' Fu' on the prince's door has fallen down. I am so happy that I kowtowed." Hearing this, the prince left the scholar at home and rewarded the servant who posted the word "Fu" upside down with three dollars. Another story is that Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, took the word "fu" as a secret memory and prepared to kill people. In order to eliminate this disaster, the kind-hearted Ma Huanghou put the word "Fu" on every household in the city. One of them couldn't read, so he put the word "Fu" upside down. The next day, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered that the family be hacked to death. Ma Huanghou said quickly, "This means happiness." So the family was saved from disaster. Later, people used it to commemorate Ma Huanghou.
Reunion dinner In ancient times, the reunion dinner was very particular, and it was more abundant than the wedding banquet. There are cold dishes, stir-fried dishes, steamed dishes, stewed soup, and peanuts and melon seeds. Cold dishes include bean sprouts, pork liver, beef, sausage, preserved fish, chicken feet (also called "money snatcher"), salted chicken and duck eggs, and small vegetables. The first course of cold dishes is bean sprouts, which looks like golden ruyi, hence the name "ruyi dish", meaning "happy every year". Fried vegetables include chicken and duck meat, pork, pork tenderloin, sweet and sour fish and so on. , with vegetarian dishes. Steamed vegetables are all kinds of steamed meat, eight-treasure rice, sweet potato balls, steamed crisp rolls and so on. The soup dishes are mainly boiled trotters with lotus root, beef, mutton and radish soup, steamed fish, pouted fish soup and Huang Sang fish soup along the Han River. Zhuxi county has a "Zhuxi steaming basin", where wax and fresh are mixed together.
When all the dishes were served, a large set of firecrackers was lit, causing sparks in front of the door. After the whole family worshiped God, they ate the New Year's Eve dinner for a year amid blessings and laughter. There are old yellow rice wine in Yunxian county, milk yellow rice wine in Fangxian county and corn wine in other places. Driven by parents, the whole family raised their glasses to their elders in turn, wishing them happiness and longevity. Then the hall was filled with jubilation.
Jiangnan served a big bowl of mushroom soup at the top of the reception, stewed with fat hens, with mushroom strips and a few spinach, which was called "red-billed parrot mushroom soup". Soup is green, white, red and orange, with a special delicacy. There is no shortage of fish at Jiangbei Group's New Year's Eve dinner. Children poke with chopsticks, and elders often discourage them: eat big bowls of vegetables first. In the end, the big fish was left behind, which means "there is more than (fish) every year"
If someone died that year, a set of bowls and chopsticks will be placed on the table according to their generations to show that the deceased will go home for the New Year. Because the doorman is a ghost catcher, the family does not stick a doorman or a red couplet, but a pair written on yellow paper.
Now that living conditions are good, many people order reunion dinners in hotels. This saves the housewife's hard work, but also loses the warmth and fun of family reunion. People in the city feel that the taste of the year is not enough, so they go to the countryside to celebrate the New Year and look for lost folk customs.
In the old society, married girls could not spend the New Year at home. After the promulgation of the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China, the bride's family and her husband's family are both immediate relatives and only children, so there is a new trend of having a reunion dinner together. There are also girls and son-in-law who have been in the two regiments for two years.
Bao jiaozi. Shiyan People's Congress eats jiaozi on the first day of New Year's Day, which is also called "eating gold ingots". Because jiaozi is fat for nothing, just like a silver ingot. Eating gold ingots means "increasing wealth into treasure". This is related to the exile culture of Shiyan. The princes and nobles exiled to Shiyan were frightened and always afraid of being killed. Jiaozi is homophonic with "Gua", so it is taboo to call "Yuanbao".
Jiaozi, who was eaten on New Year's Day, was wrapped the night before. On the afternoon of New Year's Eve, housewives will steal some empty spoonfuls of good white flour and put them on the stove. Then choose onions, cut ginger, wash cabbage, and then there is a "bang" sound of chopping meat from the kitchen. Until the year of the Communist Youth League, when the whole family was seated, the housewife wiped her hands and went to the table for a reunion dinner. Before the banquet is over or the dishes are washed, they are busy scrubbing the sieve and dustpan with jiaozi. After the reunion dinner, the whole family mobilized to take care of jiaozi.
There is a myth that when the Xuanyue Gate was built in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Sanfeng was cooking on the construction site, and one person was in charge of hundreds of people. One day, he said he would buy jiaozi, but everyone didn't believe him. He patted his chest and promised. Curious, a coolie peeked under the kitchen door and saw that Mr. Zhang had only wrapped a bowl of jiaozi and cooked it himself. Then he squatted on the stove and made a big pot of jiaozi. After work, people eat jiaozi and exaggerate that my skills are good, but coolies don't eat it. Later, ninety-nine people became immortals, and only coolies still worked as coolies on earth.
Wash your knees. The old people say that they should wash their knees after the New Year's Eve, and they will get money after washing them. This should be a joke. /kloc-it's cold in 0/2 months, and the child doesn't want to take a bath. Adults are so busy that they have to coax them into making up such words. The child believed it, endured the cold to take a shower and rubbed his knees hard. New Year's Day greetings to elders, really rich. So far, some people have not earned money and said, "I didn't wash my knees in the New Year."
The Chronicle of Jingchu's Years of Life says: "Spend all the furniture at home at the end of the year to welcome the new year and gather for drinks." This means that on this night, every family prepares food and drinks, and the whole family keeps the old year and drinks to welcome the New Year. Before the birthday, put a bowl of birthday rice in front of the ancestral tablet, and fall on the street or road on the twelfth day of the first month to "bid farewell to the old and welcome the new". Early Zhou in Jin Dynasty recorded the local custom: "On New Year's Eve, when you stay awake, it's called keeping watch".
Shounian is also called "Enduring the Year". According to legend, in ancient times, there was a monster named Nian who came out every 30 nights to kill people and animals and destroy the countryside. In order to avoid Nian, people closed their doors early that night and didn't dare to sleep. One night, Nian ran into a village and almost ate the whole village. Only a newly married couple with red curtains and red clothes were safe and sound, and several children playing with firecrackers were also spared. From then on, people knew that Nian was afraid of red, light and firecrackers. During the Chinese New Year, people put up red paper, wear red robes, hang red lanterns, knock gongs and drums and set off firecrackers, so they dare not come again.
It would be boring to choose me again.