1. Jin Xian Gong Ji Dao Yu Yu (classical Chinese translation)

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin State wanted to annex two small neighboring countries: Yu and Guo.

The two countries have good relations. If Jin attacks Yu, Guo will send troops to rescue; if Jin attacks Guo, Yu will also send troops to help.

Minister Xun Xi offered a plan to Duke Xian of Jin. He said that in order to conquer these two countries, we must drive a wedge between them so that they cannot support each other.

The king of Yu State is greedy, and we can just do what he likes. He asked Duke Xian of Jin to take out two of his beloved treasures, the good horse Quyang and the wall of hanging thorns, and give them to Duke Yu.

How can Xiangong be willing to give up? Xun Xi said: Don't worry, Your Majesty, I'm just letting him keep it temporarily. When the Yu Kingdom is destroyed, won't everything return to your hands? Xian Gong acted according to his plan. Duke Yu got a good horse and a beautiful wall. He was so happy that he couldn't even close his mouth.

The State of Jin deliberately created trouble on the border between Jin and Guo and found an excuse to attack Guo. The state of Jin asked the state of Yu to use the road to allow the state of Jin to attack Guo. Duke Yu had no choice but to agree because he received the benefits of the state of Jin.

Gong Ziqi, the minister of the State of Yu, repeatedly persuaded Duke Yu that this matter could not be done. The two countries of Yu and Guo are dependent on each other. Once Guo falls, Jin will not let go of Yu. However, Duke Yu said that he would be a fool to offend a strong friend by making a weak friend! The Jin army passed the road of Yu State and attacked Guo State, and soon won the victory.

When Banshi returned home, he divided a lot of the robbed property and gave it to Duke Yu. Duke Yu was even more overjoyed.

The general of the Jin army, Rick, pretended to be ill and said that he could not bring his troops back to the country, so he temporarily stationed his troops near the capital of Yu State. Duke Yu had no doubt.

A few days later, Duke Xian of Jin personally led his army, and Duke Yu came out of the city to meet him. I made a pact with Duke Yu to go hunting.

After a while, a fire broke out in the capital. When Duke Yu rushed outside the city, the capital had been occupied by the Jin army, both inside and outside. In this way, Jin defeated Yu easily. 2. Read the following extracurricular classical Chinese passages and answer the small question (6 points). Duke Xiang of Jin used the hanging thorn ① to make a jade, a false road

Small question 1: ① Duke Xiang of Jin borrowed a road from Yu to attack Guo.

②After Jin State captured Guo State, the army destroyed Yu State on its way back. Sub-question 2: A brief summary of sub-question 1: Test question analysis: When translating the sentence (1), pay attention to "false means to borrow, so to mean to express submission, and to attack means to attack", and also make the whole sentence Completeness and fluency of translation.

When translating sentence (2), pay attention to "it still means to come back, but it means to return", and ensure the completeness and fluency of the translation of the entire sentence. Comments: Classical Chinese translation is a must-answer question for classical Chinese reading.

The standard for classical Chinese translation is three words: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. For junior high school students, it is very good to meet the first two standards of "xin" (accurate) and "da" (fluent and fluent).

Because the high school entrance examination requires literal translation of classical Chinese, which requires the implementation of every word, especially the understanding of key terms and the judgment of special sentence patterns. Small question 2: Analysis of the test question: This story tells the story of "the State of Yu borrowed a road to the State of Jin but was destroyed by the State of Jin". It gives us a lot of inspiration and can be analyzed from multiple angles.

Example 1: Dead lips and cold teeth. That is, everything is closely related and of interest.

Example 2: Coveting small gains and sacrificing the other party will inevitably lead to self-destruction. Example 3: False way to destroy Guo.

Refers to the strategy of destroying the country in the name of using Taoism. Comment: To answer this question, we must first understand the main content of the article, and then the branch office’s understanding of the content can be analyzed from multiple angles to provide us with inspiration.

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3. What is the meaning of "Fake the road from Yu and attack Guo" in classical Chinese?

False means to borrow, so Xiang means to borrow the road from Yu to conquer Guo.

Select From "Han Feizi·Yu Lao"

Forty-two. The lips are dead and the teeth are cold

Original text

Duke Xian of Jin used a jade with hanging thorns to attack Guo and defeated Guo. Gong Zhiqi admonished: "No, the lips are dead and the teeth are cold. Yu and Guo save each other, which is not virtuous. Today Jin destroys Guo, and tomorrow Yu will die with him." Yu Jun did not listen, he loved his jade and acted falsely. . Jin has taken Guo. Return and fight against Yu.

(This story is excerpted from "Han Feizi·Yu Lao")

Notes

① The jade of Chuiji: the beautiful jade produced by Chuiji. Chuiji: A place name in the Spring and Autumn Period of Jin, famous for its production of beautiful jade. Yu: The name of a vassal state in the Zhou Dynasty, located in the northeast of Pinglu County, Shanxi Province today. Guo: the name of the country in the Zhou Dynasty. There are four regions: east, west, south and north. This guide shows that King Ping of Guo Zhou moved eastward because Xi Guo (in the east of today's Baoji County, Shaanxi Province) was destroyed by Qin. He moved to Shangyang and was called Nan Guo, and was destroyed by Jin. ②Xiang De: giving favors to each other.

Translation

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Xian of Jin wanted to send troops to destroy the Guo Kingdom in order to expand his sphere of influence and open up a channel for development in the hinterland of the Central Plains. However, the Jin army had to pass through the territory of Yu State before reaching Guo State. How can we pass through Yu State smoothly? Duke Xian of Jin adopted the strategy of Xun Xi, the doctor, and used the beautiful jade produced by Chuiji as bait and gave it to the short-sighted and greedy king of Yu State as a condition for borrowing money. When the king of Yu State saw the valuable gift, he was immediately elated and agreed with all his heart.

Gong Zhiqi, the official of the Yu State, quickly stopped and said: "No, the Yu State and the Guo State are close neighbors who depend on each other. If you lose your lips, your teeth will be frozen and cannot be saved! So, help each other and save each other. It is for the sake of mutual survival without giving small favors to each other. If Jin destroys Guo today, Yu will also be destroyed tomorrow. p> Mr. Yu didn't listen to Gong Zhiqi's opinion. He thought that Jin was a big country and they took the initiative to send beautiful jade to make friends with us. Isn't it possible to just borrow a road and walk around? So he accepted the beautiful jade and allowed the Jin army to pass through the Yu State unimpeded to attack the Guo State.

Gong Zhiqi knew clearly that the demise of the Yu Kingdom was not far away, so he quickly left the Yu Kingdom with his family.

Sure enough, the Jin army successfully achieved its goal of wiping out the Guo Kingdom. On the way back to the army, he captured Yu Gong who went out of the city to meet the Jin army in person, and wiped out the Yu state with ease. 4. What metaphors are included in the idiom "Jin Xian Gong Ji Dao"

The idiom allusion "Ji Dao Conquers Guo" is from the "Zuo Zhuan·Xi Gong's Second Year" record, "Xun Xi of Jin please take advantage of the opportunity of yielding" , and the wall of hanging thorns, false way to Yu to destroy Guo."

Interpretation: False way means borrowed road. Cutting means to capture.

Guo was a small country in the Spring and Autumn Period. When used in the military, the intention is to first use A as a springboard to eliminate B. After achieving the goal, go back and eliminate A together, or use the excuse of borrowing a way from the other party to eliminate the other party.

Synonyms: burning bridges across rivers. Relevant historical events: Duke Xian of Jin asked the State of Yu to use the road to attack the State of Guo, and the State of Yu agreed. Later, after the Duke of Jin destroyed the State of Guo, he took the opportunity to destroy the State of Yu that had used the road.

Lips are dead and teeth are cold. Source: "Zuo Zhuan: The Eighth Year of Duke Ai" records, "Fulu, the lips of Qi and Jin Dynasty, lips are dead and teeth are cold, you know it." Interpretation: If the lips are gone, the teeth will feel cold.

On the contrary, lips without teeth are useless. The metaphor is closely related and the interests are related.

Synonyms: closely related, closely related. Relevant historical events: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Xiang of Jin wanted to expand his strength and territory, so he made an excuse to say that the neighboring Guo (guó) state often violated Jin's borders and wanted to send troops to destroy Guo.

However, there is a Yu State between the Jin State and the Guo State, and the expedition against the Guo State must pass through the Yu State. "How can we pass the Yu State smoothly?" Jin Xiangong asked his ministers.

Doctor Xun Xi said: "The king of Yu is short-sighted and greedy for small profits. As long as we give him priceless jade and BMW, he will not refuse to use the road." Upon hearing this, Duke Xiang of Jin A little reluctant to give up, Xun Xi saw what Duke Xian of Jin was thinking and said: "Yu and Guo are close neighbors who are closely related to each other. If Guo is destroyed, Yu will not be able to survive alone. Your beautiful jade and BMW are just temporarily stored with Duke Yu." That's all.

"Jin Xiangong adopted Xun Xi's strategy. When the king of the Yu State saw these two precious gifts, he was immediately elated. When he heard that Xun Xi wanted to use the matter of the Yu State, he agreed immediately.

After Gong Zhiqi, the official of the Yu State, heard about it, he quickly stopped him and said: "No, no, the Yu State and the Guo State are close neighbors who depend on each other. Our two small countries are dependent on each other. If there is anything, we can help each other. Once the Guo Kingdom is destroyed, our Yu Kingdom will not be able to protect it. As the saying goes: "The lips are dead and the teeth are cold." If you don't have lips, you can't save your teeth!"

Duke Yu said. : "The Jin State is a big country, and now they have specially sent beautiful jade and BMWs to make friends with us. Can't we just borrow a road to let them travel?" Gong Zhiqi sighed repeatedly, knowing that the Yu State was not far away from being destroyed, so He left Yu State with his whole family. Sure enough, the Jin army took advantage of the Yu State and destroyed the Guo State. Then they captured the Duke of Yu who personally greeted the Jin army and destroyed the Yu State.

(Information comes from the Internet). 5. Duke Xian of Jin used a jade with hanging thorns to attack Guo on the false road of Yu. The doctor's palace gave a strange advice: "No way" Using the jade with hanging thorns as a false way to defeat Guo, the doctor's palace gave a strange advice: "No, the lips are dead and the teeth are cold, and Yu and Guo save each other, which is not virtuous."

Today Jin destroys Guo, and tomorrow Yu will surely follow. "The Lord of Yu did not listen, he loved his jade but tried to fake it.

Jin has taken Guo. Return it and counterattack to destroy Yu.

(This story is excerpted from "Han Feizi·Yu Lao" ) Notes ① Chuijizhibi: the beautiful jade produced by Chuiji. Chuiji: the place name of the Jin Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn Period, famous for its production of beautiful jade.

Yu: the name of the vassal state in the Zhou Dynasty, located in the northeast of Pinglu County, Shanxi Province. Guo (guó): The name of the country in the Zhou Dynasty

There are four Guo, namely East, West, South and North. This refers to the fact that King Guo of Zhou moved eastward because the Western Guo (in the east of today's Baoji County, Shaanxi Province) was destroyed by Qin. After Shangyang was called Nan Guo, he was destroyed by Jin.

②Xiangde: mutual favor. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Xian of Jin wanted to send troops to destroy the Guo Kingdom in order to expand his sphere of influence and open up a channel for development in the hinterland of the Central Plains. .

However, the Jin army had to pass through the territory of Yu State to reach Guo State. It was given to the short-sighted and greedy king of Yu State as a condition for borrowing money.

When the king of Yu State saw the precious gift, he was immediately elated and agreed. Gong Zhiqi, the official of Yu State, quickly stopped him. : "No, Yu State and Guo State are close neighbors with lips and teeth dependent on each other. If you lose your lips, your teeth will be frozen and cannot be saved!" Therefore, the purpose of helping each other is to survive together, rather than giving each other small favors.

Today Jin destroyed Guo State, and tomorrow Yu State will also be destroyed. It is absolutely impossible to lend a road to the State of Jin. "

Mr. Yu didn't listen to Gong Zhiqi's opinion. He thought that Jin was a big country and they took the initiative to send beautiful jade to make friends with us. Isn't it possible to just walk along the road? So he accepted the jade and let Jin The army passed through the Yu State unimpeded and went to attack the Guo State. Gong Zhiqi knew clearly that the demise of the Yu State was not far away, so he quickly left the Yu State with his family.

Sure enough, The Jin army successfully achieved its goal of annihilating the Guo state. On the way back, they captured Yu Gong who came out of the city to greet the Jin army and wiped out the Yu state easily.

Not bad. p>