Recently, I am addicted to reading and listening to books, and the double eleven is discounted. I bought more than 100 books on WeChat official account, and I feel ok. I condensed each book to about 25 minutes, explained and analyzed the contents of the book, and restored a more interesting and true story for the audience.
Su Shi was born in an intellectual family. His father was very talented and attached great importance to the education of his two children. In addition, Su Shi was brilliant since he was a child. He not only inherited his father's excellent genes, but also studied hard. So, when Su Shi was 19 years old, he became a scholar and became an official in the city. At the top, Zeng Guanju was in the third place. When his official career was not smooth, he was also demoted to a local official and did a lot of practical things for the people. Although he had ups and downs in officialdom all his life, it was these experiences that sublimated his literary talent and left us many poems. Su Shi's political career is very bumpy. Basically, he was demoted from the age of 44, and he was demoted again and again, from Huangzhou to Hangzhou and from Guangdong to Hainan. No matter where he goes, no matter how difficult the natural conditions are, he can always give full play to his Scorpio character, passionately love life and lead a picturesque and miserable life. Let's take a look at the rough life of this scholar.
When Su Shi came to Beijing with a dream, things changed. Shortly after his mother died, Su Shi had to go back to mourning for three years. Then, when he returned to Beijing three years later, the situation in the imperial court was different. This happened to catch up with Wang Anshi's political reform. Speaking of Wang Anshi's political reform, it is actually a good starting point, just because many officials are eager for quick success and instant benefit when implementing it, which is very unfavorable to the people. As a result of political reform, people in some areas have become poor and displaced. Su Shi happened to have a heart of compassion, so he wrote many articles reflecting the real life of ordinary people at that time, but unexpectedly angered those who advocated political reform. Since then, his career has been bumpy. The reformers began to try their best to deal with him.
When he worked in the local area, he did his job wholeheartedly, served the people wholeheartedly, and made progress in poetry. The emperor likes it very much and wants to reuse it. At this time, the former reformists were afraid that Su Shi would threaten their own interests after returning to Beijing, and began to look for opportunities to frame Su Shi, so there was a famous Wutai poetry case in history. Wutai Poetry Case is a turning point in Su Shi's life. He went from a talented boy, the darling of the court, to a prisoner, and almost lost his life. Although his life has been saved, his career is getting worse every year. After the Wutai Poetry Case, he was exiled to Huangzhou, which is now Huanggang, Hubei.
1. Be demoted to Huangzhou
When he came to Huangzhou, faced with the savings of no salary, no right, no room, no food and no rest, he began to develop his optimistic attitude and help himself to have plenty of food without food. He applied to the government for 10 mu of land and called on the whole family to open up wasteland to grow grain together. Because this land is on the slope outside the east gate of Huangzhou City, Su Shi named him Dongpo Farm. Unexpectedly, this name accompanied him all his life. Many people know Su Dongpo, but they don't know Su Shi ... Although it is not shameful to get food through their own labor, we must know that in that era, a scholar who worked in the fields was to be looked down upon by many other scholars, but Su Dongpo didn't care at all, but enjoyed it.
Besides growing his own vegetables, Su Shi also likes to study delicious food. At that time, Huangzhou products were not rich, and food was not expensive. Now, it seems that delicacies and rivers are things that the local people didn't look up to at that time. After careful study, Su Dongpo turned what local people didn't eat into delicious food. For example, pork was a food that the rich disdained to eat at that time, and the poor would not eat it. Su Dongpo cooked the meat with water, put in soy sauce and stewed it for several hours, which became the famous Dongpo meat now.
Without the restrictions of various official rules, Su Shi lived a relatively comfortable life. Su Shi is a person who likes to make friends. When he arrives in Huangzhou, he can make friends with local villagers, vendors and others. He also likes to play jokes on others and give them nicknames. He has a good friend named Chen Nian, who is generous, but his wife is particularly fierce, jealous and bad-tempered. Su Shi expressed deep sympathy for Yao Chen. He wrote a poem, saying, "The monk in Longqiu is also poor, and he can't sleep at night talking empty words. Suddenly I heard lion roars, and my staff fell into my palm. " My friend is poor. He forgot to sleep as soon as he talked about Buddhism. Suddenly he heard his wife shout, his cane fell to the ground, and his heart was shaking. This "lion roar" is actually a Buddhist term, which means that the Buddha speaks in front of all beings without fear, just like a lion roar. "Hedong" is the birthplace of Chen Nian's wife. This is the origin of the "lion roar", which has been passed down to this day and has become a special title for a fierce wife. You see, Su Shi not only writes well in poetry, but also gives people a nickname that can be recited through the ages.
Su Shi, who is in trouble, has never been defeated by difficulties, but seeks pleasure in suffering and always finds the beauty of life in the ordinary. As the saying goes, life is never short of beauty, but a pair of eyes that discover beauty. Su Shi has such penetrating eyes, and more importantly, he has an optimistic and positive heart.
In the third spring of Huangzhou, one day Su Dongpo was caught in the rain on the road in Hu Sha, and the servant with rain gear left early. Everyone in the same company feels embarrassed, but he doesn't think so. After the weather cleared up, he wrote this song "Ding Feng": "Don't listen to the sound of leaves beating in the Woods, why not sing and walk slowly?" Bamboo poles and sandals are more dexterous than riding horses. What's to be afraid of? A misty rain is a lifetime. "This means that you don't have to pay attention to the sound of rain beating on the forest. You might as well walk slowly while singing. Bamboo poles and sandals are lighter than riding a horse. What is there to be afraid of? No matter the wind and rain, I will live in hemp fiber all my life. A few simple words show his stubborn character and broad-minded mind in adversity, which is really natural and unrestrained. Huangzhou's life is chic, and it is in this environment that he began to reflect on himself, while not forgetting to stick to his hobby: writing poems and lyrics. It is in this case that he can write such famous works as Dingfengbo, Chibi Fu and Niannujiao Nostalgia.
2. Return to Hangzhou
After four years in Huangzhou, Su Shi was reused. However, due to Su Dongpo's generous personality and honest and frank speech, many people in the court were offended. Thinking of the Wutai poetry case before, he had a hunch that he might once again fall into an endless struggle for political rights. Suddenly, he was tired of the intrigue of the imperial court, so he asked to work in other places. At the age of 54, the court finally agreed to send him to Hangzhou as mayor. When Su Dongpo was young, after seeing the West Lake, he wrote a beautiful sentence, "To compare the West Lake with the West Lake, light makeup is always appropriate." However, the second time I came to Hangzhou, the West Lake changed. It turned out that due to the long-term blockage of the West Lake, the lake gradually dried up and was covered with weeds, which not only affected the beautiful scenery, but also affected agricultural production. So, in the second year of Su Dongpo's coming to Hangzhou, he began to dredge the West Lake.
How did he do it? Su Dongpo first cleaned up the silt and weeds at the bottom of the lake. In order to save the trouble of dealing with these rubbish, he directly built a long embankment with mud and weeds on the west side of the West Lake, which is also commonly known as "Su Causeway". This "Su Causeway" connects the north and south of the West Lake. If you want to go from the south to the north of the lake, you don't have to make a detour. Six bridges were built on the lake.
In addition, Su Dongpo also built three small stone pagodas in the deepest part of the West Lake, which later evolved into the "three pools reflecting the moon" in the ten scenic spots of the West Lake. You see, such a simple water conservancy project has become a project to add color to mountains and rivers because of Su Dongpo's design. Moreover, Su Dongpo has a long-term vision. In order to keep the fruits of his labor, he rented all the places near the river bank and lake embankment to farmers to plant water chestnuts, which not only prevented water plants, but also generated income.
? 3. Being demoted to Danzhou, Huizhou
In the first few years, Su Dongpo's life in Hangzhou was relatively comfortable, but unexpectedly, the reformists regained power. Because Su Dongpo opposed the political reform in his early years, he has been in a state of revenge by reformists since then, and he has been demoted, and basically has not lived in one place for more than three years. At the age of 59, Su Dongpo was sent to Huizhou, Guangdong by an imperial edict, and was sent to Danzhou, Hainan at the age of 60. Huizhou and Danzhou are both good places now, but in the Song Dynasty, they were both wild places with no civilization. It is said that in the Song Dynasty, banishing Hainan was only a lighter punishment than copying others. Before Su Dongpo, no one had been demoted to such a far place to be an official in the Song Dynasty.
Being demoted again and again like this, the average person will definitely be depressed and depressed, but for an optimist like Su Dongpo, it's just to stay in another place. When he was in Huizhou, he wrote the poem "300 lychees a day, and he will not hesitate to be a Lingnan person". Su Dongpo also wrote in his words: "I don't know if Lingnan should be bad, but I said: this peace of mind is my hometown." A friend asked him how he was doing in Huizhou. He said: "The place where my heart is stable is my hometown." And he also regarded Danzhou as his second hometown, because he wrote: "I am a Boer, and I live in Xishu. "Everywhere he goes, he is like a seed, trying to take root and sprout, never treating himself as a passer-by, and treating every place he stays as his hometown. No matter in Huizhou or Danzhou, he cares about people's lives. Even though his rights are limited, he still tries his best to benefit the people. For example, when he was in Huizhou, he founded a public hospital, drew spring water into the city, set up a school in Danzhou, and even many people traveled thousands of miles to Danzhou to study.
Summarize Su Shi's bumpy life;
The first time: Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people on his way back to Beijing, and because of his conservative political thoughts, he disagreed with Wang Anshi's approach to politics and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter against it. As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general. Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After taking office, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places for the second time: he was demoted to Huangzhou for the third time because of Wutai poetry case; He was demoted to Hangzhou for the fourth time because he could not tolerate the old and new parties; He was released to Yingzhou because of political disagreement. Then the new party was demoted to Huiyang, and then Su Shi was demoted to Danzhou (now Hainan) farther away.