Lu Aigong asked Confucius, "Is Mr. Wang wearing Confucian clothes?" Confucius replied: "Qiu lived in Lu when he was a child and wore clothes with big sleeves." When he grew up, he lived in Song and wore Zhang Guan. Qiu heard that a gentleman should be knowledgeable and do as the Romans do. Autumn doesn't know what Confucianism is. "
2. Aigong asked: "Dare to ask Confucianism." Confucius said, "Counting things can't end. If you count them all, you can stay. What's more, you can't end them. "
Lu Aigong said, "What is the character of Confucianism?" Confucius replied, "You can't tell it all at once. If you tell all the details, you will stay for a long time, so the servants will be tired and need to change shifts to wait on them. "
3. Mourn for public life. Confucius waited on him, saying, "Confucianism has treasures on the table to hire, learning to ask questions at night, loyalty to promote, practice to take, and self-improvement."
Lu Aigong ordered a banquet to be given, and Confucius accompanied him and said, "Confucian scholars are like Baoyu on the banquet, waiting for the princes to use it when they give their betrothal gifts;" Study hard in the morning and evening and wait for others to ask; Faithfully waiting for recommendation; Try your best to wait for admission. This is the self-improvement spirit of Confucianism.
4. "Confucianism wears clothes and is cautious. It is slow to make big concessions, false to make small concessions, awesome to make big concessions and embarrassing to make small concessions. Quit at a loss. If porridge is incompetent, it looks like this.
Translation: "Confucians dress moderately and act cautiously. Concession in front of Italy is arrogance, while concession in front of small profits is hypocrisy; Be cautious when doing big things, and be ashamed when doing small things; It's hard for them to get impatient and retreat easily. The appearance of weakness and humility is incompetent. This is what a Confucian looks like.
5. "Confucianism has the difficulty of cohabitation. When he sits up respectfully, he must first believe his words and act according to his righteousness; Pottery clay does not dispute the benefits of risk and comfort, and winter and summer do not dispute the sum of yin and yang; Love him to death and support him to do something. It is prepared for this purpose.
Confucianism is serious and cautious in daily life. They were respectful when they sat down and stood up. They must put credibility first in their speeches and be impartial in their actions. On the road, don't compete with others for ease and cheapness, and don't compete with others for comfort in winter and summer; Cherish life in order to wait, maintain the body in order to make a difference. This is the preparation of Confucian cultivation before politics.
6. "Confucianism is not a treasure, but loyalty is a treasure; Don't pray for land, just think of land; If you don't pray for more, you will be rich. It is rare to get rich easily, but it is difficult to raise livestock. Isn't it rare not to see it? Isn't it difficult to live without benevolence and righteousness? It's not easy to earn money through hard work, is it? There are people close to you.
Translation: "Confucianism does not regard gold and jade as treasures, but regards loyalty and righteousness as treasures; Do not pray for land, but regard the establishment of morality as land; Don't want to accumulate more wealth, but take more cultural knowledge as wealth; Confucianism is honest and hard to get. Because they don't fight for material benefits, it's easy to pay them. Although it is easy to pay them wages, Confucianism adheres to principles, so it is difficult to support them. Wouldn't it be hard to get Confucianism if it didn't appear at the right time? This is how Confucianism treats people.
7. "Confucianism trusts it with wealth and goods, and enjoys it without losing its righteousness; Being robbed by the crowd and falling down with the soldiers, from ruin is more prepared; Those who can't fight bravely will not win strength; There is no regret in the past, and the newcomers are not prepared; No more words, no more rumors; Constantly threatening, not learning its tricks. This is especially true.
For a Confucian, pay him money and goods and indulge him with his hobbies. A Confucian will not pursue profits at the expense of righteousness; Threaten him with people and weapons, and Confucianism will not change its ethics in the face of death; If you are attacked by birds and beasts, you can't stand up and fight them without measuring your martial arts. Traction heavy tripod, do what you can, don't measure your physical strength; I don't regret my past opportunities, but I'm unhappy when I come in. Don't say anything wrong. I'm too lazy to delve into rumors. Keep maintaining your prestige and don't learn any omnipotent strategies. Confucianism is unique, nothing more.
8. "Confucianism can't be robbed, can't be forced, can be killed and can't be humiliated. His residence is not lewd, and his diet is not rich; Its shortcomings can be identified in detail, but they cannot be counted. With such fortitude.
Translation: "Confucianism can be close but not robbed, can be close but not forced, can be killed but not humiliated; Their lives are not extravagant, their diets are not rich, and their faults can be gently analyzed rather than scolded in person. This is the strength and perseverance of Confucian scholars.
9. "Confucianism takes loyalty as a armor and courtesy as a dry paddle; Dai Renxing, holding righteousness; Although there is tyranny, it is worse. Its self-reliance is like this.
Confucianism takes loyalty as a armor, courtesy as a shield, benevolence as its head, and righteousness as its life. Even if the country is autocratic, it will not change its position. This is the self-improvement of Confucian scholars.
10. "Confucianism has an acre of palace, one room with four walls, a flower door and a penghu urn; Have no worries about food and clothing, dare not doubt the answer, dare not flatter the answer, there are such officials.
Confucians have a house with an acre of land and live in a room with a square foot around. The courtyard door is made of bamboo, and a small side door shaped like laurel is dug in the wall of the courtyard. A housekeeper made of thatch, a round window made of broken urn, and a complete coat for the whole family. Whoever goes out will change into it and eat a meal every two days; If you promise to take your own advice, you dare not doubt it, and if you don't promise your own advice, you dare not flatter yourself. This is the Confucian spirit of being an official, being honest and performing their duties.
1 1. "Confucianism has modern people living in harmony, and the ancients live in harmony; Doing it in this world will be regarded as a model by future generations; There are people who are more dangerous than the party. Their bodies can be in danger and their ambitions cannot be taken away. Although they are in danger, they firmly believe in their aspirations and they will never forget their illness. Have such worries.
Translation: "Confucianism lives with modern people, but it blends with the interests of the ancients; Confucian behavior in this world can be used as a model for later generations; It happened that I didn't meet a prosperous time, and no one quoted it above, and no one recommended it below. Those who slander and flatter others form a political party to hurt him; The body can be harmed, and the ambition cannot be abolished; Even if it endangers his daily life, he will eventually stretch his ambition and still remember the suffering of ordinary people. This is the anxiety and yearning of Confucian scholars.
12. "Confucians are knowledgeable but not poor. Perseverance and indefatigability; Live in seclusion without debauchery, cross without being sleepy. The method of paying attention to harmony, the beauty of faithfulness, and the excellent behavior is to worship the virtuous and accommodate the masses and destroy the party tile. They have many.
Translation: "Confucianism is extensive in learning, inexhaustible in learning, diligent in practice and tireless; Don't indulge in lewdness when you are alone, and don't be rude and embarrassed when you are on earth; Follow the principle of courtesy and harmony, follow the virtue of loyalty, and use methods flexibly; Admire talents, accommodate the public, and sometimes you can cut your own edges and conform to the public, just like the superposition of tiles. This is the tolerance and generosity of Confucian scholars.
13. "Confucianism has its name, but it does not show its relatives and does not show its grievances. Make a fortune, push the sages, and don't expect to report. If you are ambitious, you will benefit the country and not seek wealth. It is very useful.
Confucianism recommends talents, as long as the other party has both ability and political integrity and ability, and does not shy away from calling relatives at home and enemies abroad. Confucian scholars measure their own achievements, accumulate facts to recommend talents and promote them to the top, without expecting their own returns, thus realizing the monarch's desire to use talents; As long as it is beneficial to the country, Confucianism does not seek wealth by recommending sages. This is the style of recommending talents by Confucianism.
14. "Confucians all smell good to tell each other, and see good to show each other; Title first, adversity dies; If you stay long, you will be far away. There is such a case in his tenure.
Confucianists tell each other when they smell good deeds, and tell each other when they see good deeds; If you have a title, push each other first, and if you are in trouble, you will die for each other; Some friends have been in the next position for a long time, waiting for his promotion. Some friends are not satisfied in the distance, so they try to attract him to be an official. This is how Confucianism treats and recommends like-minded friends.
15. "Confucianism has a bath, but it is silent, quiet and correct, and it is also known, rough and arrogant, but not urgent; Not deep, but high, not less, but more, the world is not light, the world is not chaotic; The same Buddha and different Buddhas are different. Its maverick is like this.
Confucianism is bathed in body, mind and morality, presenting its own suggestions and obeying your orders. They are quiet and not impetuous, but they keep the right path. If you don't understand, it will be a little enlightening. And those who are in a humble position do not show their nobility; Instead of arrogantly increasing your few achievements, you claim that you have achieved a lot. The world situation is rectified, and the group of talents is complete, and it is not arrogant; When the world is in chaos, stick to the right path and not be depressed. People with the same political views will not form a party with him for personal gain; People who disagree with their own political views will not slander him. This is the maverick of Confucianism.
16. "Confucianism is not an emperor, but not a vassal; Shen Jing is still broad, strong and resolute, knowledgeable and convinced; The recent articles are vigorous and honest; Although the country is divided into pennies, it is not a minister. The rule is that there is such a thing.
Translation: "Some Confucian scholars do not serve the emperor or the princes; Cautious and serene, advocating forgiveness, strong and determined, good at communicating with others, learning from others, knowing people and being good at their duties, approaching the law of rites and music, and honing the character of fair honest and frank; Even if the country enfeoffed him, it would be a trivial matter. I don't want to be a minister or an official. This is how Confucianism regulates its behavior.
17. "Confucianism has comrades, and skills have the same skills: stand side by side and enjoy it; Long time no see, I don't believe it when I hear rumors; Its behavior is based on the principle of justice, advancing together and retreating together. Have such friends.
Translation: "Confucianism has the same interests, the same direction and the same number of ways. They are all happy to stand in the world and their status is not exclusive; I haven't seen you for a long time and heard rumors about each other. Never trust them. Their behavior is based on integrity and morality. If you have the same ambition as yourself, you will communicate further; People with different aspirations will shrink back and alienate. This is the attitude of Confucian friends.
18. "Gentle people are the foundation of benevolence; Cautious, benevolent; Well-off people are also benevolent; Sun Jie, Ren Ke also; Etiquette, the appearance of benevolence; The speaker is the text of benevolence; The singer is also the sum of benevolence; Decentralization, benevolent people also. Confucianism has both, but it dares not speak well. This is a privilege.
Gentleness is the foundation of benevolence, prudence is its texture, generosity is its motivation, humility is its function, courtesy is its appearance, speech is its literary talent, music is its harmony, and distribution of property is its giving. Confucianism has these virtues, but it dare not say that it is benevolent. This is the respect and humility of Confucianism.
19. "Confucianism has not gained from poverty, nor is it full of wealth; I don't care about kings, I'm not tired of growing up, I don't care about having a department, so I call it Confucianism. Today everyone's life is also stupid, and Confucianism is often criticized. "
Confucianism is called Confucianism because they are not embarrassed and frustrated by poverty, arrogant and rude by wealth, embarrassed by kings, intimidated by officials, and uneasy by officials. Now people's understanding of the naming of Confucian characters is illusory, so Confucianism is often used to insult each other. "
20. Confucius went to the government and mourned for it. When he heard this statement, he added his own words to the letter and his own words to his behavior: "There is no world, and I dare not take Confucianism as a play.
Confucius returned to Lu from Weiguo and his own home. He was taken in by Lu Aigong House. After listening to Confucius, he spoke more faithfully and acted more ethically. He said, "I will never make fun of Confucianism again in my life."
This article is from the Book of Rites Confucianism written by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty.
Extended data writing background:
It is said that it was written by 72 disciples of Confucius and their students, edited by Dai Sheng, a ritual scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, and the Six Classics written by Confucius disciples.
It is the carrier of the highest philosophy in China's classical culture. But it is not easy to read through, so it is often interpreted as an aid to understanding. The "ceremony" in the Six Classics, later called "ceremony", mainly records the "ceremony" of the crown, marriage, funeral and sacrifice in the Zhou Dynasty, which is limited to the style and hardly involves the "ceremony" behind the ceremony.
The original forty-six articles in the Book of Rites began with Quli and ended with the four-system funeral. However, due to the length of Quli, Tan Gong and Miscellaneous Notes, most versions are divided into two parts, so there are 49 articles. Remember the etiquette provisions to make up for what other books don't have, such as Quli, Tan Gong, Jade Algae, Mourning Notes, Biography, Shao Yi, Miscellaneous Notes, Mourning Notes and Throwing Pots.
Explain the significance of "Zhou Li", such as the special sacrifice of "Zhou Li", "Wen Li", "Jiao Li", "Neize Li", "Yue Li", the method of sacrifice, the meaning of sacrifice, the system of sacrifice, respect for the festival, mourning for the public and Yan Ju.
Explain the unique articles of Yili, such as, faint Yi, rural drinking Yi, shooting Yi, and hiring Yi. Remember certain systems and laws, such as,,, etc.
About the author:
Dai Sheng was born in the Western Han Dynasty. According to ancient documents such as History of the Scholars, Guangping County Records, Guide County Records, Hakka Dai Family Tree, Xintai County Records, etc., he was a native of Suiyang (now Suiyang District, Shangqiu, Henan Province) in the Western Han Dynasty. He used to be the satrap of Jiujiang and studied Confucian classics all his life, especially the study of the Book of Rites. He studied under Hou Cang, the master of Confucian classics, his uncle Dade and Qingpu, and devoted himself to studying Li.