Brief introduction of poet
Li Bai (70 1-762), the word Taibai, was a romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty and was praised as a "poetic immortal" by later generations. My ancestral home is Ji Cheng in Longxi (to be tested), and I was born in Broken Leaf City in the Western Regions. At the age of 4, he moved to Mianzhou City, Jiannan Province with his father. Li Bai has more than 1000 poems, among which Li Taibai Ji has been handed down from generation to generation. He died in 762 at the age of 6 1. Its tomb is in Dangtu, Anhui, and there are memorial halls in Jiangyou, Sichuan and Anlu, Hubei.
Poetry achievement
Li Bai has the highest achievements in Yuefu, Gexing and Jueju. His songs completely broke all the inherent forms of poetry creation, with no one to rely on and many strokes, reaching the magical realm of vagaries and swaying. Li Bai's quatrains are natural and lively, elegant and chic, and can express endless feelings in concise and lively language. Among the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei and Meng Haoran were good at the Five Wonders, while Wang Changling and others wrote the Seven Wonders well. Li Bai is the only one who is good at both the Five Odds and the Seven Odds.
Li Bai's poems are magnificent and elegant, and his artistic achievements are extremely high. He eulogized the mountains, rivers and beautiful natural scenery of the motherland, with bold and unrestrained style, elegant and fresh, full of romantic spirit, and achieved the perfect unity of content and art, so he was called the "fallen fairy". His poems mainly described the mountains and rivers and expressed his inner feelings. Li Bai's poems have the artistic charm of "the pen is shaken by the wind and rain, and the poem makes the gods cry", which is also the most distinctive artistic feature in his poems. Li Bai's poems are full of self-expression and subjective lyricism, and the expression of feelings is overwhelming. He and Du Fu are called "Big Du Li" (Li Shangyin and Du Mu are called "Little Du Li").
In Li Bai's poems, imagination, exaggeration, metaphor, personification and other techniques are often used comprehensively to produce magical brilliance and magnificent artistic conception, which is the reason why Li Bai's romantic poems give people heroic and unrestrained, elegant and immortal.
Li Bai's poems and songs had a far-reaching influence on later generations. Han Yu, Meng Jiao and Li He in the middle Tang Dynasty, Su Shi, Lu You and Xin Qiji in the Song Dynasty, Gao Qi, Yang Shen and Gong Zizhen in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were all greatly influenced by Li Bai's poems.
Poetic style
Bold and unrestrained, fresh and elegant, rich in imagination, wonderful in artistic conception, wonderful in language, romantic and clear in artistic conception.
Li Bai lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He has a heroic personality and loves the mountains and rivers of the motherland. He traveled all over the country and wrote many magnificent poems praising famous mountains and rivers. His poems are bold, fresh and elegant, with rich imagination, wonderful artistic conception and light language. People call him "Poet Fairy".
Li Bai's poems and songs not only have typical romantic spirit, but also have typical romantic artistic characteristics from the aspects of image shaping, material intake, genre selection and the application of various artistic techniques.
Li Bai successfully shaped himself in his poems, expressed himself strongly, and highlighted the unique personality of the lyric hero, so his poems have distinct romantic characteristics. He likes to express himself in a magnificent image, expressing his feelings in his poems without disguise or restraint. For power, he "holds a chrysanthemum and stirs two thousand stones" (one of the two songs "Send Cui Shiyu after Drunk"); Seeing the hard work of the working people, he was "heartbroken like rain". When the country was destroyed and the people perished, he vowed to cross the river to clear the Central Plains. Draw a sword and hit the front column, and the sad song is hard to recover "("South Ben Shu Huai "), so impassioned; When drinking heartily with friends, "two people fall in love, one cup after another." I'm drunk and want to sleep. The Ming Dynasty intends to hold the piano ("Mountain Lovers"), which is so naive and straightforward. In a word, his poems vividly show his bold character and bold image.
Boldness is the main feature of Li Bai's poems. In addition to the factors of ideological character and talent, the artistic expression and genre structure used in Li Bai's poems are also important reasons for his bold and elegant style. Being good at relying on imagination and being subjective and objective are the important characteristics of romantic artistic techniques in Li Bai's poems. Almost every article has imagination, and some even use a variety of imagination throughout. Realistic things, natural landscapes, myths and legends, historical allusions and dreamland have all become the media of his imagination. With the help of imagination, we often transcend time and space, interweave reality with dreams and fairyland, and interweave nature with human society to reproduce objective reality. The images in his works are not the direct reflection of objective reality, but the externalization of his inner subjective world, which is the truth of art.
One of the artistic techniques of romanticism in Li Bai's poems is to skillfully combine personification with metaphor, empathize with things and compare things with people.
Another romantic artistic technique in Li Bai's poems is to grasp a certain feature of things and boldly imagine and exaggerate on the basis of real life. His exaggeration is not only strange in imagination, but also always combined with concrete things, so natural and unobtrusive; So bold, true and credible, it has played a role in highlighting the image and strengthening feelings. Sometimes he combines bold exaggeration with sharp contrast to enhance the artistic effect by increasing artistic contrast.
Li Bai's best genre is seven-character poems and quatrains. Li Bai's seven-character song also adopts the structure of opening, closing, jumping and swinging. The beginning of a poem is often abrupt, such as a sudden surge, while the middle image of the poem is abrupt, often omitting the transitional care, as if there is no trace to follow, and the end of the poem comes to an abrupt end at the emotional climax.
Li Bai's quatrains of five or seven words can better represent the fresh and lively style of his poems. For example, the beauty of "Come to Baidicheng early", "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou" and "Thinking of a Quiet Night" lies in "only looking at the prospect and oral language, but there are overtones and foreign flavors that keep people away." (On)
The language of Li Bai's poetry, some fresh as spoken language, some bold, informal and close to prose, is unified in the natural beauty of "clear water produces hibiscus, natural carving" This is related to his conscious pursuit of natural beauty. He inherited Chen Ziang's literary thought and took it as his duty to restore the tradition of poetry and Sao. He once said, "Since Liang Chen, Yan Bo has been extremely thin, and Shen Xiuwen still pays attention to temperament and must go back to the ancients, not me but who?" (Bai Meng's "Gao Yi") He advocates "halal" and satirizes the ugly girl who is "naive" and learns from Handan. The natural beauty of his poetic language is the result of his careful study of folk songs and his understanding of popular characteristics, which is clear as words, popular and vivid.
Chronology of major events
Li Bai was born in 70 1 year (the first year of Wu Zetian's Chang 'an).
In 705 (the first year of Emperor Zhong Long), Li Bai was five years old. Confusion and learning begin with.
7 1 1 year (the first year of Zongrui Jingyun) Li Bai was ten years old. Learn poetry, read books and let a hundred schools of thought contend.
7 15 (the third year of kaiyuan) Li Bai was fifteen years old. He published many poems, won praises and awards from some celebrities, and began to engage in social activities. Also began to accept the influence of Taoism, good at fencing, like Ren Xia.
7 18 (kaiyuan six years) Li Bai was eighteen years old. Dai Tianshan (also known as a big mine, in Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province) studied in seclusion. Traveling to and from neighboring counties, he has traveled to Jiangyou, Jiange and Zizhou (the prefecture is now Sichuan Province).
Li Bai was twenty years old in 720 (the eighth year of Kaiyuan). Travel to Chengdu and Emei Mountain. I am in Chengdu. He praised his talent and encouraged him to study.
72 1 year (the ninth year of kaiyuan) Li Bai was twenty-one years old. Return to Changming's home in spring. I studied in the mine for the next three years.
In 724 (the twelfth year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai was twenty-four years old. Leave home and embark on a long journey. Then visit Chengdu and Mount Emei, and then sail eastward to Yuzhou (now Chongqing).
In 725 (the 13th year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai was twenty-five years old. In spring and March, it descends from the east of the Three Gorges. Through Jingmen Mountain to Jiangling (now jiangling county, Hubei Province). I met Sima Cheng Town, a famous Taoist at that time, in Jiangling. Visit Dongting (in present-day Hunan Province) and Lushan (in present-day Jiangxi Province) in summer. Autumn tour in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).
In 726 (the 14th year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai was 26 years old. Go to a meeting in spring. In autumn, I was ill in Yangzhou. In winter, go north to Ruzhou (now Linru County, Henan Province) and go to Anlu (now Anlu County, Hubei Province). I met Li Yong when I passed through Chenzhou. Get to know Meng Haoran.
In 727 (the 15th year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai was 27 years old. He lived in Shoushan, Anlu, married the granddaughter of the late Prime Minister Xu, and then settled in Anlu.
In 728 (the 16th year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai was twenty-eight years old. In early spring, I traveled to Jiangxia (now Wuhan City, Hubei Province) and met Meng Haoran in Sri Lanka.
In 730 (the eighteenth year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai was thirty years old. Spring is in Anlu. I have met Pei Changshi of our state many times before, but he slandered me and finally refused. In early summer, I went to Chang 'an, thirsty for the words of the Prime Minister, and met his son Zhang Xiang. Princess Yu Zhen (Xuanzong Otome) living in Zhong Nanshan. I also met other princes and ministers, but nothing came of it. Xingzhou in late autumn (west of Chang 'an). Travel to Zhoufang in winter (north of Chang 'an).
73 1 year (19th year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai was thirty-one. Down and out in Chang 'an, giving up on himself, associating with the rogues in Chang 'an. In early summer, I left Chang 'an, passed through Kaifeng (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) and went to Song Cheng (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province). In autumn, I went to the mountain and fell in love with my old friend Yuan Danqiu's mountain residence, so I felt secluded. In late autumn, I stayed in Luoyang.
In 732 (the twentieth year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai was thirty-two years old. I have known Yan Yuan and Cui Chengfu since the turn of spring and summer in Luoyang. In autumn, I returned to Anlu from Luoyang. Passing through Nanyang (now Nanyang City, Henan Province), I met Cui Zongzhi. In winter, Yan Yuan visited Anlu from Luoyang, and they traveled together to Suizhou (now Suixian County, Hubei Province). At the age of 30, I returned to my hometown and settled down.
In 733 (the 21st year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai was thirty-three years old. Stone building is located in Taohua Rock, Baizhao Mountain, Anlu. Open up Shan Ye and earn a living by farming and reading every day.
In 734 (the 22nd year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai went to Yanzhou for the first time and met Du Fu for the first time. They are like brothers, that is, "drunk in autumn, walking hand in hand on the Japanese road", and formed a profound friendship in Yanzhou. The two obsidians met and became an eternal story in the literary world. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan, Li Bai and his wife moved from Anlu to Yanzhou in the east.
After Li Bai moved to Yanzhou, he placed his family outside the east gate of Xianqiu (now Yanzhou), which is what Li Bai called "Lumen East" and "Dune City", and immediately entered the household registration of Xianqiu, occupied Xianqiu and got the land allocated by Xianqiu government.
In 736 (the 24th year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai was thirty-six. Taiyuan Spring, once traveled north to Yanmenguan (now Daixian County, Shanxi Province). Go south to Luoyang and meet Yuan Danqiu. In autumn, I went to Yuan Qiu and Hanshan and met Cenxun. See Meng Haoran again when I return to Xiangyang in the south. Du Fu was twenty-five years old. Roaming in Qilu and Zhao Yan.
In 738 (the 26th year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai was thirty-eight. In spring, I visited Nanyang, Hanshan (Yuan Qiu's residence), Chen Zhou and Chuzhou (now Huai 'an County, Jiangsu Province).
In 739 (the 27th year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai was thirty-nine. From spring to early summer, in Anyi (now Baoying County, Jiangsu Province). Wandering in Wudi (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) in summer. In autumn, they went north to Jiangxi, passed Dangtu (now dangtu county, Anhui Province) and Baling (now Yueyang County, Hunan Province), which coincided with Wang Changling's relegation to Lingnan (now Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), and they met. From Baling to Anlu in winter.
74 1 year (the 29th year of kaiyuan), Li Bai is 41 years old. Living at the east foot, he hid in Culai Mountain with Han Huai, Pei Zheng, Kong, Zhang Shuming, Tao He and others (sound cúlaí, in present-day Tai 'an City, Shandong Province), drinking and singing, which is known as "Zhu Xi's Six Replies" in history. He also studies Taoism as a profession and plans to travel around the country.
In 742 (the first year of Tianbao of Xuanzong), Li Bai was forty-two years old. In April, visit Mount Tai. In summer, I went to Nanling (Nanling County, Jin 'an Province) with my children and wanted to swim in the middle. Xuanzong enlisted in Beijing and returned to Nanling. In autumn, go to Chang 'an. He met the guests of the prince, called them "fallen immortals" and recommended them to the court. Favored by Xuanzong, it was ordered to be enshrined in imperial academy.
In 743 (Tianbao two years), Li Bai was forty-three years old. Imperial college. In the early spring, Xuanzong enjoyed himself in the palace. Li Bai wrote a letter entitled "Happy Words in Guanzhong" and gave him a royal costume. In late spring, the peony in Xingqingchi was in full bloom, and Xuanzong and Yang Yuhuan enjoyed the same. Li Bai was ordered to write Qingpingdiao. He was tired of the life of imperial literati and began to drink heavily. With what people knot "Brewmaster" trip, Xuanzong call not toward. Drunkenness drew up an imperial edict, which led Goliath to take off his boots. Palace people hate it, slander Xuanzong, Xuanzong ignored it.
In 744 (Tianbao three years), Li Bai was 44 years old. In the first month of spring, he sent Zhang Zhi back to Vietnam. In March, knowing that it was not used by the imperial court, he wrote that he should return the mountain to give money and leave Chang 'an. In early summer, I met Du Fu in Luoyang. He went to Kaifeng and Shangqiu, and asked the higher education in Beihai to find another way, determined to escape to the outside world. In autumn, travel with Gao Shi and Du Fu (in Kaifeng City and Shangqiu City, Henan Province). In winter, he went north to Anling (Pingyuan County in Tang Dynasty, now north of wuqiao county, Hebei Province) to beg for the truth (Taoist secret book) and was awarded the Purple Palace Record of Taoist Temple in Jinan (now Jinan, Shandong Province) by the senior Taoist priest. Become a real Taoist and return to Rencheng.
In 745 (Tianbao four years), Li Bai was forty-five years old. Spring is in Rencheng. Du Fu came to learn from the East. The two traveled together in Rencheng area. In summer, Li Yong, the prefect of Beihai, and Gao Shi and Du Fu were thirsty in Jinan. In autumn, he and Du Fu were restored in the county (now Qufu City, Shandong Province), and they kept close contacts. In autumn and winter, I left Du Fu in Lujun to visit Jinxiang (now Jinxiang County, Shandong Province) and my single father (now Shanxian County, Shandong Province).
In 746 (Tianbao five years), Li Bai was 46 years old. Spring in Luyou County. Sick for a long time. Autumn, recovered from illness, swimming in Lu County. From the spring of 2008, I had the idea of traveling to the south frequently, and finally set off in late autumn. In Song Cheng, I visited Liangyuan (the royal garden built by Han He, also known as Rabbit Garden) and went to Yangzhou.
In 747 (Tianbao six years), Li Bai was 47 years old. I met Cui Chengfu on the road. Hang him in Huiji. Tiantai Mountain (in Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province). I returned to Jinling in winter and stayed in Jinling for two years.
In 748 (the seventh year of Tianbao), Li Bai was forty-eight years old. Spring is in Jinling, summer is in Yangzhou, autumn is in Huoshan (now south of Lu 'an County, Anhui Province), and winter is in Lujiang (now Lujiang County, Anhui Province), and I have an audience with Jiang Taishou Li.
75 1 year (Tianbao decade) Li Bai is fifty-one years old. Spring is in Rencheng. Qiu lived in the residence of Yuan Danqiu, a hermit in the later Han Dynasty, in Shimen Mountain (also known as Xitang Mountain, southwest of Ye County, Henan Province). In late autumn, I went from Kaifeng to Youzhou (now Beijing), passing Hebei Road and Ye Jun (now Anyang, Henan).
In 752 (the eleventh year of Tianbao), Li Bai was fifty-two years old. On the way north, I visited Guangping County (now southern Hebei) and visited my nephew Li Yuqing's order in Zhangxi 'an County (now Guangping County). Go down this road. In October, I arrived in Fanyang County (that is, Youzhou, now Beijing). When I first saw the postscript of An Lushan and the truth of the border war, I felt very dangerous and left john young.
In 753 (the 12th year of Tianbao), Li Bai was 53 years old. In early spring, john young went south to Wei County (now east of Wei County, Hebei Province), to Xihe County (now Fenyang County, Shanxi Province), continued south along Fenshui, entered Tongguan (now the crossroads between Luoyang and Chang 'an in Shaanxi Province), and boarded Huashan Mountain in Xiyue. To Liyang (now Anhui county), Hengjiang Pudu Yangtze River. In autumn, there are Xuancheng (now Xuancheng City, Anhui Province), Zhuxi and Jingting Mountain in the south and downstream.
In 755 (Tianbao 14th year), Li Bai was 55 years old. Travel in summer. Autumn tour Qiupu (now Guichi County, Anhui Province) and winter return to Xuancheng. Spin to Jinling, Anshi rebellion. Master Wu Maoxu went to Luzhong (now Shandong Province) to take the children south. After leaving, he went to Song Cheng to meet his wife.
In 756 (the first year from Su Zong to Germany), Li Bai was 56 years old. At the beginning of the year, he fled to the south with his wife. Spring is in dangtu. I heard that Luoyang fell and the Central Plains collapsed. I returned to Xuancheng from Dangtu and took refuge in Xi County, Zhejiang Province. In Piaoyang (now Luanyang County, Jiangsu Province), I met Zhang Xu. The midsummer solstice is over. I heard that Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi won a great victory in Hebei and returned to Jinling. In autumn, when he heard that Xuanzong had gone to Shu, he went back to the Yangtze River and lived in Lushan. Wang Yong issued several letters of appointment, and after several hesitations, he finally decided to go down the mountain and enter his shogunate.
In 757 (two years to Germany), Li Bai was 57 years old. In the first month, now, he created a group of poems "Dong Youge". Wang Yong defeated Danyang, and Li Bai fled Danyang. Xuan was imprisoned in Xunyang prison. His wife, Zong, came to save him. Cui Huan, the messenger from the south of the Yangtze River, and Song Ruosi, the heir to the imperial history, tried their best to save him, but they were released. Song Ruosi turned Bai into a military staff officer, responsible for military document affairs. I went to Wuchang (now Sun Yicheng County, Hubei Province) with Song Ruosi. In September, he fell ill in Susong (now susong county). Zhang Gao, the prime minister of the poem, asked for help twice. Finally, he was found guilty for participating in the patrol of Dong.
In 758 (the first year of Su Zonggan Yuan), Li Bai was 58 years old. Li Bai began his long life by looking for Yang. His wife and brother were too suspicious to send each other away. Late spring and early summer. Pass through Cisayi (now east of Wuchang County), go to Jiangxia, visit Li Yong's former residence, climb the Yellow Crane Tower and overlook Nautilus Island. Autumn to Jiangling, winter into the Three Gorges.
In 760, Li Bai was sixty. Spring returns to Jiangxia from Dongting. Look for the sun in autumn, and then climb Lushan Mountain. Determined to travel to immortals and learn Taoism for more than a year. Jianchang (now northwest of xiushui county, Jiangxi) in winter. Arrive in Zhang Yu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) at the end of the year.
76 1 year (the second year of Shangyuan) Li Bai is 61 years old. I live in Jinling area in the south of the Yangtze River. Living on the people's relief, I heard that Shi Chaoyi's forces were resurgent, and Li Guangbi sent troops to suppress them, and once again volunteered to join its military curtain, but fell by the wayside due to illness. In early winter, I stayed in dangtu county to make Li. I once traveled to Liyang, returned to Dangtu and fell ill in Sri Lanka.
In 762 (the first year of Daizong Baoying), Li Bai was sixty-two years old. In early spring, when you are sick. I went to Xuancheng and Nanling for the last time in late spring and March. When I returned to Dangtu in autumn, my condition went from bad to worse, and I knew I was hopeless. Soon after Li retired, he was desperate and went crazy. On his deathbed, he entrusted his life to Li. Died in Dangtu in November, and there was one last song.