Li Bai: I will drink wine.

Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows down from the sky? (rhymes 1)

Into the ocean, never to return.

You can't see how cute the lock in the bright mirror in the high room is.

Although it was still silky black in the morning, it turned into snow at night.

Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes.

Never point his golden cup at the moon! .

Since God has given talents, let them be used! ,

Spin a thousand silver coins and come back! . (rhyme 3)

Boil a sheep, kill a cow, increase appetite,

Let me, 300 bowls, a long drink! .

Cen Fuzi, Dan Qiusheng, (rhyme 4)

Bring the wine in! Let your cup never stop! .

Let me sing you a song! ,

Let your ears listen! ：

"Zhong Ding jade expensive,

Let me get drunk forever and lose my mind forever! .

The sober people and sages of the past were forgotten,

Only great drinkers can be immortalized.

Prince Chen is finishing a banquet in the temple, (rhyme 5)

Ten thousand coins in a barrel of wine, with a lot of laughter and one-liners.

Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? ,

Go buy wine, and we'll drink together! . "

Five-flowered horse, golden autumn, (rhyme six)

Give them to the boy in exchange for good wine,

With you, you will always worry.

Now let's talk about Li Bai's ancient Yuefu poem "Into the Wine", which is also one of the piccolo cymbals in the Han Dynasty. The original text of Yuefu songs in the Han Dynasty cannot be understood because of its miscellaneous words. Only the first sentence is "drinking", which was written by later scholars, and it is all about drinking. Li Bai's poems also follow the old tradition and take drinking as the theme.

This poem is composed of three-character, five-character and seven-character structures, and its syllables are extremely urgent, which shows the author's resentment and indignation. The writing is easy to understand, and there are no obscure sentences. This is Li Bai's most natural and fluent work.

The whole poem is converted into six rhymes. The first song rhymes with the second song to form a paragraph. Since then, every rhyme has its own ideological paragraph. The first four sentences use two words to draw your attention to two phenomena: "How the Yellow River water moves out of heaven and into the ocean, and never comes back" means that time is gone forever, and "How lovely it is locked in a bright mirror in a high room, although it is silky black in the morning and turned into snow at night" means that life will soon become old. Youth won't come back, but it's easy to get into old age right away, so when you are proud of your life, you should try to drink and have fun, and don't leave your glass empty for the bright moon. This is the content of the first paragraph, which, like Difficulties in Shu Dao, starts from the front of the topic. "Didn't you see" is an expression that has appeared in Yuefu in Han Dynasty, meaning "Didn't you see?" Just as we use "look" and "look" in new poems now, it is to strengthen the following tone. "Didn't you see" is often used in Li Bai's poems. These three words are not the main body of the poem, so you should read them quickly. It doesn't matter if you delete both "didn't you see", there is no defect in poetry. Moreover, after deletion, this paragraph is six neat seven-character quatrains. It can be seen that these two "didn't you see" are additional components. In the seven-character lines, we borrow a noun from the North-South songs and call it "interlining", because they are only used as a foil, not the text of the song, and they do not occupy the beat when singing. But if the word "don't you see" doesn't exceed seven sentences, it can't be regarded as an interlining. Another poem by Li Bai said, "You can't see the moon by the pool in Liang Wang, but you were in the wine in Liang Wang yesterday." (Liang Wang Qixia Mountain takes prostitutes to Mengshan Peach Blossom Garden) This is another usage. If this sentence "I didn't see you" is used as an adjunct, the first sentence is only five words, but the whole poem is seven words. If you take "you didn't see" as the text of the poem, then this sentence has eight words. In this case, we can only say that the whole sentence is still seven words, and the extra word is a line. The words "didn't you see" are only used for two words, so read them quickly so that they only occupy two syllables. There are many such interlinings in North-South songs and Tanci, hence the word. Although there was no such term in the Tang Dynasty, the additional elements such as "you can't see" were indeed the seeds of using the lining words in music. In addition, Li Bai has a poem "Answering the Twelve Cold Nights of the King", including:

Have you noticed, Li Beihai,

Where is the heroic spirit of the British style today?

Have you noticed, Pei Shangshu,

The earth grave is the home of Artemisia annua.

This constitutes two three sentences, which can't be said to be interlining.

There are four sentences in the second paragraph to the effect that since God gave birth to me, I must be useful. When you run out of money, don't worry about it. There will always be more. You might as well cook sheep and kill cattle for a while and be happy. If you want to drink heavily, one cup is 300 cups. This poem, seemingly bold, actually reflects the author's complaints and indignation. The implication is that people like me can't be reused, so that they are as poor as a church mouse.

In the third paragraph, vent your complaints to two people who drink. Cen Fuzi is Cen Xun, and he is older, so he is called a master. Dan Qiusheng is a Taoist Yuan Danqiu who pays attention to alchemy. Li Bai learned from him and wrote many poems for him. Here, the poet advised them to drink to their heart's content and not to stop drinking. I'll sing a drinking song for you two: Zhong Ding jade, this luxurious and ostentatious pleasure, I don't think it's worth paying attention to, I just want to be drunk forever. Since ancient times, all sages have been lonely, unknown and unknown. Only people who drink will remain immortal, such as Liu Ling and Tao Yuanming. Once upon a time, King Cao Zhi of Chen Si wrote two poems: "When you come back, you will have a banquet and a glass of wine." (Mingdu) It means that when he came back from hunting, he entertained his friends and entourage at Pingleguan and drank a barrel of 10,000 yuan of wine. Everyone was laughing and laughing. Now, why does our master say that he has no money and is reluctant to drink? We should get some wine at once and treat everyone to a good drink. This sentence with four rhymes and eight sentences is a song "Let your ears listen!"! This is a song in the poem. "Zhong Ding" is a simple usage of "Zhong Ming Shi Ding", and "Jade" is for the rich. These four words are the luxury of rich people from generation to generation. The poet said that these are not valuable enough, as long as there is wine. "The Master" is a satire on oneself, which can also be said to be self-mockery. I said, "Spin a thousand pieces of silver and come back!" From the above, it can be seen that it is time to "lack money". It doesn't matter if you have less money, you have to drink, which leads to the last three sentences: well, although you don't have any money at hand, you still have a beautiful horse and a fox skin of several thousand yuan at home. Tell your son to take it out immediately and have a good drink with you to get rid of the troubles that have existed for centuries.

Li Bai's poems are mainly about drinking, wandering immortals and beautiful women, and are often regarded as Li Bai's shortcomings by later literary criticism. For example, Wang Anshi said: "Li Bai's poems are fast and fast, but they are ignorant, and all the words are women and wine ears." Ignorance is a vulgar world view. Although some people defend this criticism, in Li Bai's poems, the lofty and profound world outlook is really not shown. He is just a talented poet who can get rid of tradition and create fluent and unrestrained poems. As for his attitude towards life, there is not much difference with ordinary literati at that time. Early life was drinking, writing poems and traveling everywhere. Later, I ran to Chang 'an and met He. He Zhangzhi appreciated his poems very much and recommended him to Xuanzong. So Xuanzong left him in the palace to be an academician. "Hanlin Sacrifice" is the so-called "civil servant". Ming Taizu and Yang Guifei asked him to make some new poems and compose songs while enjoying flowers and drinking. This is the position advocated by Hanlin. It is not an official. However, Li Bai was very proud when he presented flowers to Hanlin. Many of his poems describe his pride at that time: "Go back to Xianyang and laugh." ("Dongwu Yin") There is another cloud: "The princes borrowed color, and the gold list was purple." (Giving gifts to Yangshan people after driving to the hot springs) This shows that all the princes and ministers have come to make friends with him. "I was drunk in Chang' an, and the kings and sevens shared a glass of wine. "(Comments on Xin from Liu Yelang) means that all the people who were drinking with him at that time were princes and ministers." At that time, people who laughed at me were humble, but they came to invite me to have sex. "("Two Songs of Nanping for My Brother "Away from the Taishou) means that people who looked down on me before have come to curry favor with me now. Besides, he has many poems, boasting about his proud days. It was this arrogant attitude that offended many people and made followers of Xuanzong, such as Li and Yang, unable to tolerate him. Provoked a few words in front of Xuanzong and was expelled from the court. He himself said that he was "afraid of riding a tiger, afraid of climbing a dragon and suddenly falling from the sky." It can be seen that he himself has long been aware that he is riding a tiger and cannot get away, but as soon as the dragon's tail falls, it falls from the sky. Since then, he has resumed his romantic life of drinking, pretending to be a noble with lofty ideals, and satirizing politics from time to time in his poems, as if the court no longer valued him and lost the opportunity to rule the world. In "On Salt and Iron", a doctor sneered at literature: "Literature is rich in clothes and steals the clothes of the Duke of Zhou; Bow down and steal Zhong Ni's capacity; Let's talk about it, stealing the words given by the merchants; Poke and ridicule, over-manage talents; The heart is humble and expensive, and the ambition is small. If the government agrees, it will be very chaotic. " These words hit the drawbacks of literati. They usually speak loudly, are neither supercilious nor supercilious, and are "humble in heart and love each other". Everyone thinks they are Iraq, Shandong, Guan and Yan. Even if he is given a formal job, he doesn't think he can perform his duties. In the Tang Dynasty, when scholars first entered the official career, they often started from the county commandant, but there was no outstanding county commandant among the poets. They often complained in their poems that they felt inferior to officials and humiliated such talents as him. This narcissistic arrogance has long formed the tradition of China literature since Qu Yuan, and Li Bai's performance has carried this tradition forward. I think when we study classical literature, we don't have to pay attention to the over-expression of the world outlook of writers of past dynasties, let alone rely on their self-promotion, but we must affirm that they are indeed a repressed talent. Li Bai's poems are first-class romantic works, and his position in the poetry circle in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is just like Hugo in France and Byron in England. Wandering around immortals, drinking and beauty are his romantic forms; Yamazaki, calendar, arrogance and rashness are his romantic spirit. However, his understanding of politics and society is still more negative than positive. So I don't think Li Bai's poems can be said to be positive romanticism. Take drinking as an example. Li Bai's drinking is obviously different from Tao Yuanming's. Tao Yuanming drinks as a farmer. After work, he drank a few glasses of wine to refresh himself. His drinking attitude is: "forget the troubles here and leave me alone." ("Drinking" Volume 8) Li Bai's attitude is: "Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes. "Tao Yuanming said that people" refuse to drink "because they" care about the world's name "(the fourth part of Drinking), while Li Bai said:" Only great drinkers can be immortalized. "Tao Yuanming hid in the wine to escape fame, and Li Bai" drank 300 cups at a time "for fame. It can be seen that Tao Yuanming's drinking seems to be negative to the world society, but his personality is positive. Li Bai seems to be positive to the world society, but his personality is negative. I think Li Bai's drinking poems can only be compared with the ancient Persian poets irma Hayem and Hafez, but not with Tao Yuanming.

"The sober and sages of ancient times have been forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized." These two poems have aroused the criticism of some feudal guardians, who think that Li Bai is too arrogant. Is it that even the sages such as Confucius and Mencius are unknown, and only drunkards are left in the later generations? Yao Xuan, who edited Don Cui Wen, changed the word "sage" to "sage" and corrected his gaffes on behalf of Li Bai. This kind of criticism is actually unnecessary. We should not be so serious and honest when reading literary and artistic works. These two poems are only artistic exaggerations and need not be regarded as the truth of thoughts. People in Song Dynasty paid attention to all kinds of sentence refining methods of poetry, and called this format of poetry "respecting physique". In contrast, in order to emphasize Party A, Party B greatly suppressed it, which is the so-called syntax of "strengthening this and weakening that". That means "respect the topic". Li Bai belittled the names of saints and descendants in order to exaggerate the drinkers. Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip says: "Of course, there are folk songs and country bagpipes, but they are rough and harsh. Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt as if my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music. " In order to exaggerate the beauty of women playing pipa, it is said that there is no music in Jiangzhou, only ugly folk songs and village flutes. Han Yu's Poems and Ancient Songs said, "Historians have collected ancient poems, but forgot to collect them, in order to make the two books and songs more dazzling." In order to exaggerate the elegance of Shi Gu Shi, he even blamed Confucius for compiling The Book of Songs, and why he didn't include this poem. Some people also say that the two poems in The Book of Songs are elegant and gentle, very "forced" and have no twists and turns. He even called Confucius an "ugly Confucian". In order to exaggerate Shi Guwen's calligraphy, Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is vulgar: "Xi's vulgar book is flattering, and there can be a few pages, just for a few white geese." The above two examples are also common methods of honoring topics in Tang poetry.

Last year's war, sang Ganyuan;

This year's war, Onion River. (rhyme one)

Wash the soldiers and help the waves,

Grass released in Tianshan snow.

Long March,

The three armed forces are aging.

The Huns were trained by killing,

In ancient times, only white bones and yellow sand were seen. (rhyming 2)

Qin Wei Hu Chu Jian cheng (1),

The Han family still has a bonfire.

The bonfire never stops,

There's no time to fight. (rhyme 3)

Fight to the death on the battlefield,

The defeated horse roared sadly into the sky.

Black kites peck people's intestines,

Hang dead branches on flies.

Infantry is careless,

The general is empty.

But knowing that the soldier was the murder weapon,

Even saints should use it.

"Occupy the south of the city" is one of the eighteen cymbals in drum music in Han Dynasty. The cymbal song is a kind of military music. March is accompanied by piccolo and cymbals, so it is also called piccolo and cymbals song. The lyrics of "The Battle of the South of the City" in the Han Dynasty, to the effect that soldiers fought bravely and died on the ground, thinking that they were loyal to the country, but the officials with swords and swords criticized them and even rewarded them with high achievements. They wanted loyalty and loyalty. Li Bai's poems are also about border guards. The theme inherited the old tradition, but the theme thought changed slightly, aiming at the reality at that time.

Wang Zhongsi Biography of Old Tang Dynasty said: In the first year of Tianbao, Wang Zhongsi led the troops to discuss the Khitan in the north and fought in Sanggan River, winning three out of three wars. "Biography of Li" also said: Li once crusaded against Bolu and opened up the road to Green Ridge. If the first two sentences of Li Bai's poem refer to these two battles, it can be inferred that this poem was written in the second year of Tianbao (AD 743).

Tiaozhi was a small country in the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty, located near Qinghai. Tang Jun washed weapons in Qinghai and herded horses in Tianshan Mountain. They left home in Wan Li and lived a life of fighting forever. People are getting old. The above is the first paragraph of the whole poem, that is, the first rhyme and six sentences. First of all, the topic is old, but the content is current affairs.

The second paragraph, the second rhyme, says that the Huns have no agricultural production, and their productive labor is to kill cattle and sheep, or even plunder and kill people, rather than farming. Since ancient times, their fields are not paddy fields or wheat fields, but white bone fields and yellow sand fields. Castles built on the border in the Qin Dynasty often burned bonfires in the Han Dynasty to report the enemy's invasion. This paragraph is a short summary. On the long border of our country, enemies of all ethnic groups have invaded since ancient times, causing war.

The third paragraph is longer, and it also uses one rhyme and ten sentences. The phrase "the bonfire never stops" is a chain between the second paragraph and the third paragraph: from Qin and Han dynasties to the present, the bonfire never stops burning and the war never stops. The soldiers who participated in the field battle died in the battle, leaving the defeated troops with compassion. The kite flew down to peck at the dead man's intestines and hung on the dead branches. In such fierce fighting, the soldiers' blood polluted the grass, and the general was just an empty name. Grammatically speaking, the sentence "General is empty" is an inverted sentence of "General is empty". Function words are empty, and the word "er" is the suffix form of adverbs. In modern language, the whole sentence means "just an empty general". At the end of the sentence, I completely used the words of Laozi's Tao Te Ching: "Soldiers are ominous tools, not the tools of gentlemen, and saints have to use them." Seeing such a cruel war, I know that weapons are really not good things, and saints will never use them rashly unless they have to. A saint means an emperor. These two sentences are completely prose sentences, and Li Bai began to use them boldly in poetry. These function words "zhe", "er" and "zhi" have been used before, but they are not as prominent as Li Bai's. These are the characteristics of Li Bai's poems. Defeated Horse and Flying a Kite only slightly changed the words of Han Yuefu. Now copy the first half of Han Yuefu here for comparison.

Fight south of the city, die north of Guo,

You can eat wild animals without burying them.

Call me Wu: "Come and be a guest,

The wild one is dead, I dare not bury it, and the carrion can escape. "

The water depth is exciting, and Puwei is invisible.

The owl rode to death, and Xu hesitated.

During the years of Kaiyuan and Tianbao, Xuanzong was overjoyed. He often used troops to fight against Xi, Qidan, Turks and Tubo on various borders. Although the enemy always invades and plunders our border first, after repelling the enemy, it is bound to be an expedition, and then the victory will become a failure and the whole army will be wiped out. Therefore, the frontier poems of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty often reflect a contradictory psychology of affirming and denying war, which is reflected in the poems of Cen Can, Gao Shi and Wang Wei. In the second paragraph of Li Bai's poem, it is clearly stated that the war began with the invasion of the Hu people, so the third paragraph should describe the heroic scene of the patriotic war of our soldiers. But the author describes the horror of war. The conclusion did not praise the war. He argued that the use of weapons should be the "last resort". What is the "last resort"? The author didn't explain it here, but he said in the fourteenth song of Antique:

If you don't see the garrison, I'm afraid it will be difficult to pass.

Li is not here, and people are feeding the jackals.

Wang Changling also said:

But Dragon City will fly in,

Don't teach Huma to climb the Yinshan Mountain.

They all have the same idea that as long as they stick to national defense and don't let the enemy invade, they can avoid "foot soldiers being careless." In case the enemy dares to invade, they will have to fight them back with weapons. This is the so-called "last resort". In the history of our country, the policy of treating strong neighbors has always been "if people don't attack me, I won't attack." Occasionally, when a few emperors launched an expansionist war, they would be satirized or accused by the people. Poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty wrote poems about the frontier war, which can be said to reflect the will of the people.

The Battle of the South of the City is the simplest of Li Bai's dozens of Yuefu poems. The words used in Yuefu songs in the Han Dynasty can be said to be a bit plagiarized, because they basically followed the original intention and were not thoroughly remoulded. People who choose Li Bai's poems are reluctant to choose this one, because it does not represent Li Bai's bold and unrestrained style. I choose to talk about this poem now in order to provide a suitable model for young people who study or write poetry. If you look at the original works of Han Yuefu, you can understand the way of transforming ancient poetry into modern poetry, the way of using old bottles and new wine, and the mode of orthodox Yuefu poetry.