1. Han Qixian, a native of Yanjing. Answers to the reading of the ancient classical Chinese of the Ninth Generation Ancestor

Translation for reference:

Han Qixian, a native of Yanjing, Liao Dynasty. Born in the eighth year of Taikang in Liao Dynasty (1082). The ninth ancestor, Han Zhi, was an official in Liao Dynasty and served as Zhongshu Ling. He lived alone in Liucheng and was a distinguished person for many generations. Han Qi was the first to become a Jinshi during the Qiantong period. In the sixth year of Jin Tianfu (1122), he paid money from Zhongjing and was appointed deputy privy capital. After that, he served as a transfer envoy and a stay-at-home officer in Xijing. In the sixth year of Tianhui (1128), Liu Yanzong, the late Liu Yanzong, became Tong Zhongshu's subordinate in Pingzhang political affairs and knew the affairs of the Privy Council. The following year, he moved to Zuopushe, the minister of state, and served as a minister, and was granted the title of Duke of Chu. Initially, during the reign of Emperor Taizu of the Jin Dynasty, the two offices of Zhongshu Sheng and Privy Council were placed in Guangning Mansion, while the imperial prime ministers used their own Jurchen official titles. In the early years of Taizong, there were no changes, and later they were placed in Pingzhou and Yanjing. "Every Han region that selects, assigns, transfers, and distributes taxes will be responsible for the implementation of the system." From then on, when Li Ai, Liu Yanzong, and Han Qixian were prime ministers, their duties were like this. In the fourth year of Tianhui, the official system was established.

In the twelfth year of Tianhui (1134), Han Qixian was the right prime minister of Shangshu and was summoned to Huining in Beijing. Taizong ordered him to discuss the etiquette system, which was the old seal of profit and loss, and to establish and improve various regulations and systems of the Jin Dynasty. Han Qixian is well versed in classics and history, and knows the stories of previous generations. "It may be due to changes or changes, and it is necessary to make compromises." Every time he selected someone for an official position, he took it as his own duty to cultivate and reward the underachievers, so that in the Jin regime, "there were many gentlemen from Taiwan Province at one time". He often advised Taizong and filled in the gaps, thus winning the respect and praise of the Jurchen nobles, and he was known as the "Wise Prime Minister" in the world. . Shizong often said to his ministers: Among the Han prime ministers, Han Qixian was the most virtuous, and he was not as good as him. "In the first year of Huangtong (1141), he was granted the title of King Pu. In the sixth year of Huangtong (1146), he died of illness at the age of 65.

In the eighth year of Dading (1168), he was granted the title of Taizong Temple. In one year, Xi Yanqing Palace ranked among the founding heroes. Shizong explained to his ministers: "The prime minister is the first, and most of the rules and regulations of this dynasty are in the hands of this person. As for making decisions about major affairs and consulting with ministers, they should not be known to outsiders." Therefore no one can know its effect. Those who were incompetent to the Han prime ministers before and after were placed in the portraits of the heroes, which was enough to persuade future generations. "In the fifteenth year, he was given the posthumous title of Jian Yi. 2. Finally, he was appointed as the Supervisor of Wei Zhongshu to translate classical Chinese.

Lu Kai, courtesy name Changren, was born in Fanyang, Zhuo County.

His father, Rou, was eventually appointed as the secretary of the Wei Dynasty. He was a filial friend, had a cheerful look, and was a bit knowledgeable about writing. One hundred households.

After conquering the Qi Dynasty, Kai said that he would move to the small official department and increase the number of 700 households. Trying to make progress through bribery, Yu Wenhu, the chief minister of the tomb, promoted him to a senior official under his command.

Nowadays, Shenhuan comes from a dyer, and there is no difference. He only uses his family's wealth to gain knowledge, so he is juxtaposed with the gentry. He is really afraid that he will be the thorn of a pelican and hear about the outside world. "Hu Jing went to sleep.

In Jiandezhong, two hundred households were added to the city. After more than a year, he was transferred to the internal history to serve as a senior official.

Emperor Wu was in Yunyang Palace and ordered all the Tun Slips The old ox wants to enjoy his life. Kai Jin admonished him and said: "In the past, Tian Zi just redeemed the old horse, and the gentleman thought it was a good talk.

Xiang Feng Ming's edict, trying to use old cows to enjoy scholars, is a disservice to benevolent government. "The emperor stopped at his beautiful words.

He turned to the official of the Ministry of Rites and appointed Chen as deputy envoy. First of all, most travelers followed their national rites, and Kai was the envoy. Once they followed this dynasty, no one from Chen could bend.

In the autumn of the fourth year, Li Mu attacked the two towns of Bazhiguan and Baiya and ordered Kai to make a dew cloth. The emperor read it with great joy and said: "Lu Kai's articles have made great progress, so Xun Jingqian is the son of your king." "He was granted the title of Director-General of Xiangzhou and was transferred to the government.

In the first year of the Elephant Period, he conscripted the officials of the Ministry of Personnel in Tokyo. At the beginning of the founding of the emperor, the three divisions of Yitong were added, and in addition to the minister of the Ministry of Official Affairs, he entered When he was a Marquis, he still photographed Zuo Cheng.

Every time there was a memorial, he spoke in an upright manner, and did not change his attitude even in times of joy and anger. Emperor Jiakai had officials and was given two hundred thousand yuan. Three hundred horses of miscellaneous colors were given, plus casual cavalry and regular attendants.

In the eighth year, I personally examined all the officials, and Kai was the one who refused. , what I have heard and learned from the past.

Now that I am taking the exam, we all agree on the same thing, and we should do our part, and we deserve it! It's all in my heart, no need to give in. "At the end of the year, I paid homage to the Minister of Rites and the Minister of Officials.

Dr. Hui Guozi, He Tuo, and his right servant shot Su Wei, reporting Wei Yin's affairs. .

Xiansi said to Kai: "Fang Gongyi is not a member of Yu Chijun's party and should not be an official. Wei and Kai both recommended each other and were promoted to the governor of Haizhou.

Moreover, there were many candidates pre-selected by the Ministry of Civil Affairs. Kai did not appoint them immediately, but sent them based on their merits. Wei Zhi followed his father and younger brothers Che and Su, and used the countryside to conquer the officials.

After the thorough examination, he was appointed first, and his left foot was sparse, so his talent was useless. Kai's cronies are very clear about things. "

The superior said angrily: "How dare you treat the heavenly officials as personal favors! Kai took off his crown and paused, saying: "The crown prince will take Su Kui, the general secretary of the family, as his family member. Kui is the son of Su Wei. I think Kui is not the right person to move, so I will stop here." If a minister has personal interests with Wei, how should he be like this! "It said: "The son of Su Wei, the court knows that you are stubborn and you are lucky to have a good life.

To those who don’t know anything, they act like friends, which is the behavior of traitorous ministers. " So he was removed from the common people.

He died at home not long after. Since the Zhou family, there has been no clear and turbid election, and Kai took charge of the official department, and screened the scholars with Xue Daoheng, Lu Yanshi and others, so he was involved in the party. That's where it ends.

It's not easy to translate it completely. It involves a lot of historical events and characters. I can't quite understand two sentences.

I’m not sure the full text is accurate, but I’ll just give it a try and make do with it. The following is the translation: Lu Kai, courtesy name Changren, was born in Fanyang (place name) in Zhuojun (place name). His father’s name was Lu Rou. He was appointed as the Secretary of the Central Committee of the Wei Dynasty.

Lu Kai was very filial and liked to make friends. He was good at secretarial work and was good at writing practical essays. King Xian of Zhou Qi recruited him as his secretary. p>

Later, he became the Duke of Rongcheng (title), with a fief of 1,100 households. When he followed Wang Xian to conquer Qi, Lu Kai surrendered Baidu Town.

He was promoted to an official. Wang Shenhuan, who was engaged in dyeing business, tried to enter the officialdom through bribery, and the official name of Zhongzai Yuwenhu was to promote him to the position of senior official.

Lu Kaijin admonished: "In ancient times, people who could climb high and make gifts could be officials (official names). Visiting wise people and selecting officials required careful investigation and caution. Wang Shenhuan was a dyer by trade and had no special talents. He bribed officials to become a gentry just because his family was wealthy. He might be exposed like a thorn in a pelican's skin and be known to others. "

Yuwen Hu stopped the matter. During the Jiande period of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, two hundred households were added to the fief.

More than a year later, he became the official of the internal history. Emperor Wu was Yunyang Palace ordered some old cattle from various places to be killed to comfort the officials and ministers (scholars).

Lu Kai remonstrated and said: "At the beginning, Tian Zifang redeemed the old horse." Someone wanted to kill the old horse and eat it, so he ransomed it with money to prevent it from dying), which became a good story. If everyone listens to your order and kills old cows to comfort the scholars, it will be a stain on the implementation of benevolent government. "

Emperor Wu admired Lu Kai's words very much and obeyed (not killing the old cow). Later Lu Kai became a doctor in the Ministry of Rites and a deputy envoy to Chen Guo.

In the past, people who went to the State of Chen (visited) would abide by the etiquette of the State of Chen. When Lu Kai went to Chen as an envoy, Lu Kai only followed the etiquette of his own country (Zhou). The people of the State of Chen could not make him surrender (obey the etiquette of the State of Chen ). In the autumn of the fourth year of Jiande, Li Mu captured the two towns of Zhiguan and Baiya and asked Lu Kai to write a victory report (lubu, that is, writing on a silk flag, that is, a victory report). Emperor Wu was very happy after reading it. , said: "Lu Kai's articles are getting better and better. Xun Jingqian is the son of Lingjun (Sorry, I didn't understand this half of the sentence.

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" He was soon granted the title of Chief Administrator of Xiangzhou (an official title), and later changed to Zhizhong (an official title, similar to the governor's secretary or assistant).

The first year of Xiangzhou (the year of the emperor after Emperor Wu). No.), Lu Kai was recruited to become the official of the Ministry of Civil Affairs in Tokyo. In the early years of Emperor Kaihuang's reign (the reign of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty), Lu Kai was given the same treatment as Sansi (Sansi, the most prominent official position before the Tang Dynasty), and was awarded the title of Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. He was promoted to Marquis, and still held the position of Minister Zuocheng.

He acted upright and upright every time he addressed the emperor. No matter whether the emperor was happy or angry, he always treated him the same way. , given 200,000 pieces of money and 300 pieces of colorful silk, and the post of regular servant (official name) of the casual knights.

In the eighth year of the founding of the emperor, the emperor personally inspected all officials and rated Lu Kai as excellent. Lu Kai refused firmly and did not dare to accept. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty said: "You have been diligent in your duties in the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and you have known everything before.

Now you are rated as excellent. Everyone has the same opinion. You should do your part and don’t feel ashamed! I know everything you have done, no need to refuse! "A year later, he was awarded the title of Minister of Rites, and he also took charge of the affairs of the Minister of Rites.

It happened that Dr. Guozi (a title equivalent to Hanlin) He Tuo and Youpuse (official name) Su Wei were at odds, and He Tuo exposed some shady things about Su Wei.

Because Lu Kai was related to the (Suwei) matter, the emperor sent him to Lu Kai. 3. Quickly ask for the ancient text of Shang Yang's anecdote

Shang Yang established the wood and built the letter. Original text: The order has been given but has not yet been issued.

In order to fear that the people would not believe in themselves, they erected a tree three feet tall at the south gate of the capital city and recruited people who could move to the north gate to give ten gold coins. The people are so strange that no one dares to move.

He replied: "Those who can move will be given fifty gold coins." There was a man who moved and was given fifty gold coins to show his clearness and not deceive.

The soldier gave the order. Translation: The decree of Shang Yang's reform was ready but had not been announced yet. He was worried that the people would not believe him, so he erected a three-foot-high log at the south gate of the capital market and recruited people who could move the log to the north gate. The reward was ten taels of silver.

The people felt strange about this and did not dare to move it. He also said, "Anyone who can move wood will be rewarded with fifty taels of silver." One man moved the wood, so he was given fifty taels of silver to show that he was not deceiving (the people).

Finally the decree was issued. 4. Answers to Shang Yang’s reform in classical Chinese

Classical Chinese reading: Shang Yang’s reform to Shang Jun was the son of the bastards of the Wei Dynasty. His name was Yang Yang, his surname was Gongsun, and his ancestor’s surname was Ji.

Young Master Yang was good at the study of punishment and naming, and his uncle, the Prime Minister of Wei, became the concubine. After the uncle's death, Gongsun Yang heard that Qin Xiaogong ordered virtuous people in the country to repair Duke Mu's business and invade the east.

Then he entered the Qin Dynasty from the west, because Duke Xiao's favored minister Jing Jian wanted to see Duke Xiao. Duke Xiao met Wei Yang and talked for a long time. Duke Xiao fell asleep all the time and couldn't listen.

After he stopped, Duke Xiao became angry and said to Jingjian: "My guest is a rude person, so I'm going to use evil!" Jingjian gave way to Wei Yang. Wei Yang said: "I said that the public is an emperor, but his ambition is not enlightened."

Five days later, I asked to see Yangma again. Yang Yang met Xiaogong again and recovered well, but he failed to achieve his goal.

After that, Duke Xiao returned to Jingjian, and Jingjian also gave way to Martingale. Yang Yang said: "I said that the Duke acted in the royal way but did not enter.

Please see Yang Yang again." Yang Yang met Xiao Gong again. Xiao Gong was kind but did not use it.

Just leave. Xiaogong said to Jingjian: "You are a kind guest, so I can talk to you."

Yang Yang said: "I said that the public is domineering, and I intend to use it. If you see me again sincerely, I will know it."

Wei Yang met Duke Xiao again. When the public spoke to each other, they didn't realize that they were sitting on the table in front of their knees.

I won’t get tired of talking for days. Jingjian said: "Why do you like my king? I am very happy for you."

Yang Yang said: "I said that you compare three generations with the way of an emperor, but you said: 'I can't wait for a long time. . And the virtuous king will be famous all over the world, and he can wait for hundreds of years to become an emperor? So I use the skills of the country to tell the king.

However, it is difficult to compare with the virtues of the Yin and Zhou dynasties. "Since Xiao Gong used Wei Yang, Yang wanted to reform, but he was afraid that the world would judge him.

Wei Yang said: "Doubtful actions have no name, and doubtful deeds have no merit. Moreover, those who have the practice of an expert have a fixed view that they are not in the world; those who have the worry of knowing alone will surely benefit the people.

A fool is secretly prepared to succeed, and a wise man sees things before they start.

Those who are most virtuous are not in harmony with the common people, and those who achieve great success are not seeking for others. Therefore, the sage can strengthen the country without following the rules; he can only benefit the people without following the rules. "Xiao Gong said: "It is good." Qianlong said: "No. A sage teaches without changing the people, and a wise man governs without changing the law. If he teaches for the sake of the people, he will succeed without labor; if he governs based on the law, the officials will learn from it and the people will be at peace."

Wei Yang said: "What Long Zhi said. , It’s a secular saying. Ordinary people are content with their old customs, and scholars are obsessed with what they hear.

It’s okay to be an official and abide by the law, but it’s not about being outside the law. , the five uncles have different methods and dominate.

The wise follow the method, the fool controls it; the sage is more polite, and the unruly person is restrained." Du Zhi said: "If you don't have a hundred benefits, you won't change the method; if you don't have ten merits, it won't be easy.

There is nothing wrong with the ancient laws, and there is nothing wrong with following the rituals." Wei Yang said: "If you don't govern the country according to the ancient laws, then Tang and Wu will be kings without following the ancient laws. The Xia and Yin Dynasties were not easy to follow the rituals and died. Those who rebelled against the ancients were not allowed to do anything wrong, but those who followed the rituals were not enough. "Xiao Gong said: "It is good." Wei Yang was appointed as the leader of the left concubine, and he ordered the reform.

(Excerpt from "Historical Records: Biography of Shang Jun") Reading questions: 1. Regarding the explanation of the bold words in the following sentences, the incorrect one is: ( ) A. The words have been spoken for a long time—— Words: Conversation B. Jingjian Yiyang Wei Yang - Rang: Modesty C. Those who follow etiquette are not enough - Many: Praise D. Those who govern based on the law - Fate: Follow up 2. In the following sets of sentences, all The group that can show that Shang Yang is very talented from the side is: ( ) ① Young Master Yang is good at learning about punishment and names ② He is filial to the public and good, but he does not use it ③ When the public speaks, he does not know that he is sitting in front of his knees ④ He does not tire of talking for several days ⑤ My Lord Zhihuan even ⑥ merit is not ten, not easy to implement A, ①③④B, ③④⑥C, ②⑤⑥D, ③④⑤3. The following is a summary and analysis of the relevant content of the original text. The correct one is: ( ) A. Shang Yang has shown a strong interest in governing the country since he was a child. He was very interested in studying the theories of punishment and official administration. He was highly appreciated by his uncle, the prime minister of Wei State, and he became a concubine in his house, which was a glorious moment. Later, not long after Shang Yang defected to Qin, his uncle died.

B. Shang Yang arrived in Qin when Qin was expanding its territory eastward. In order to put his talents and learning to good use, he volunteered and bravely went directly to meet Qin Xiaogong.

However, Qin Xiaogong did not approve of him at first. C. Meeting Qin Xiaogong again and again, Shang Yang finally understood that the reason why he was not reused by Qin Xiaogong before was that he did not propose a policy strategy that was in line with Xiaogong's ideas.

With the help of his friend Jing Jian, he proposed a reform strategy that suited Qin Xiaogong's ideas. D. Not everyone agrees with Shang Yang's reforms. Qin's old ministers Qianlong and Du Zhi are typical representatives of those who opposed the reforms.

However, Shang Yang was not intimidated by the difficulties. He argued with reason and stated the significance of reforms to strengthen himself. With the support of Duke Xiao of Qin, the national policy of reform was finally established.

4. Translate the underlined sentences in the text into modern Chinese. ① Since Duke Xiao used Wei Yang, Yang wanted to change the law, but he was afraid that the world would judge him.

__________________________________________________ ② Ordinary people are content with their old customs, while scholars are addicted to what they hear. ____________________________________________ Answer: 1. B2, B3, D4. ① Shortly after Duke Xiao appointed Wei Yang, he planned to change the laws and was worried that people in the world would talk about him.

② Most people are content with old customs, while scholars stick to what they see in books. 5. Who knows the translation of the ancient text "Cha Jin"

Original text

Shang Hu violated the law of the previous king? It's not unworthy, it's just because it's unattainable. The laws of the former kings came from the previous world. Some people may benefit from them, others may harm them. How can they be obtained and followed? Although there is no gain or loss, it is as if the law cannot be obtained.

Translation

Why doesn’t the monarch follow the modern system of the ancient emperors? It's not that it's bad, it's that future generations can't learn from it. The legal system of the previous kings has been passed down through a long period of ancient times. Some people added to it and some deleted it. How can we follow it? Even if people do not increase or decrease it, they still cannot regulate it.

Original text

All the methods of the former kings must be adapted to the times. Time does not exist with the law. Although the law exists now, it is as if it is not law. Therefore, we explain the laws established by the previous kings and explain why they are laws. Why are the former kings dharma practitioners? The reason why the former king was a dharma practitioner was that he was a human being. Therefore, you can know people by looking at yourself, and you can know the past by looking at the present. Ancient and modern are the same, people have the same ears as me. A wise man values ??what is near and what is far, what is present and what is past, what he sees and what he cannot see. Therefore, if you examine the yin under the hall, you will know the movement of the sun and the moon, and the changes of yin and yang; if you see the ice in the bottle of water, you will know the coldness of the world and the hiding places of fish and turtles. Taste a piece of meat, and you will know the flavor of a wok and the taste of a tripod.

Translation

All the legal systems of the previous kings were adapted to the needs of the time. (Past) eras cannot survive with (the provisions of) the legal system. Even if the (ancient) legal system is still preserved, it still cannot be copied. Therefore, it is necessary to abandon the existing legal system of the previous king and adopt the basis on which he formulated the legal system. What was the basis for the previous kings to establish the legal system? That is to start from human beings. We are also human beings, so if we observe ourselves clearly, we can infer others, and if we observe the present clearly, we can infer ancient times. It was the same in ancient times and now, and it is the same for others and myself.

The valuable thing about a person who understands things is that he can infer the distant from the near, the ancient from the present, and the unseen from the seen. Therefore, if you observe the light and shadow under the house, you will know the movement of the sun and moon, the changes in morning and evening, and the changes in cold and heat seasons; if you see the ice in the water in the bottle, you will know that the world is cold and the fish and turtles are lurking. If you taste a piece of meat, you will know the taste of the pot and the quality of the seasoning in the whole tripod.

Original text

The Jing people wanted to attack the Song Dynasty, so they sent people to show off the water first. The people of Jing did not know that the water flowed violently, and they waded through it at night. More than a thousand people drowned, and the army was frightened and the whole army was destroyed. It was possible to guide them by showing them first, but now the water has changed and the situation has become more abundant. The Jing people still guided them by following the rules, and this is why they were defeated. The main law of this world is the law of the previous kings, which is similar to this. At that time, it was already at a disadvantage with the method of the previous king, so it was said that this was the method of the previous king, and it was the method. Wouldn't it be sad to use this as a cure?

Translation

The Chu people were going to attack the Song Dynasty, so they sent people to set up markers in the Xi River. The Xian River suddenly rose, and the Chu people didn't know it, so they followed the (original) mark to cross the water at night. More than a thousand people drowned, and the soldiers' horrified sounds were like the collapse of a big house. In the past, when they set up marks, they could cross the water (according to the marks). Now the water level has changed and the water has risen a lot. (But) the Chu people still crossed the water according to the original marks. This is the reason why they failed miserably. It is somewhat like this situation when the current king adopts the legal system of the previous king. The times are no longer compatible with the legal system of the previous kings, but they still say that this is the legal system of the previous kings and therefore follow it. Isn’t it sad to use this method to govern the country?

Original text

Therefore, if the country cannot be governed, it will lead to chaos; if one abides by the law but does not change, it will lead to rebellion; if there is rebellion and chaos, the country cannot be maintained. Times have changed, and changes are appropriate. For example, if you are a good doctor, your disease will change and your medicine will also change. The disease is diseased but the medicine does not change, and the people who wish to live long are now the sons of mourning. Therefore, everything must be done according to the law, and those who change the law will change with the times. Therefore, there are seventy-one sages in the world, and their methods are all different; not because their affairs are opposite, but because their current situation is different. Therefore, it is said: A good sword is expected to be broken, but it is not expected to be broken; a good horse is expected to be thousands of miles long, but it is not expected to gallop. Those who achieve success and fame are the ancestors of kings thousands of miles away.

Translation

Therefore, governing a country without a legal system will lead to chaos. Sticking to the ancient legal system without changing it will not work. Chaos and inappropriateness cannot govern the country well. Society is different, times have changed, and it is necessary to change the legal system. For example, a good doctor has ever-changing illnesses and ever-changing medicines. The disease has changed but the medicine remains unchanged. People who could have lived a long life have now become short-lived ghosts. Therefore, things must be done according to the legal system, and the legal system must be revised with the times. Therefore, the seventy-one emperors who have ruled the world have different legal systems. It is not necessarily different, but the situation of the times has changed. Therefore, it is said that a good sword only requires that it can cut things, but does not require that it must be a sword; a good horse only requires that it can run thousands of miles a day, but does not require that it must be a galloping horse. Achieving fame was the goal pursued by ancient emperors. 6. The full text of Xiao Xiaogu's essay on besieging Wei and rescuing Zhao

Thirteen years later, Wei and Zhao attacked Han, and Han turned to Qi.

Qi envoy Tian Ji will go straight to Daliang. When Wei general Pang Juan heard about it, he left for Han and returned. The Qi army had already passed and headed west.

Sun Tzu said to Tian Ji: "The soldiers of the three Jin Dynasties are naturally strong and brave, but they are light and uniform. They are called cowardly. Those who are good at fighting will make the most of their strength.

The Art of War, Baili The army of those who are interested will be defeated, and the army of those who are interested will be half way. The army of Qi will enter the Wei territory for 100,000 soldiers, and tomorrow it will be 50,000 soldiers, and tomorrow it will be 30,000 soldiers."

Pang Juan. After marching for three days, he said with great joy: "I know that the Qi army is cowardly. After three days of entering our territory, more than half of the soldiers have died." So he abandoned his infantry and chased it with its lighter and sharper troops.

As Sun Tzu goes about his journey, he should arrive at Maling in the evening. The road to Maling was narrow, and there were many obstacles on the side that could be used to ambush troops. So he cut a big tree and wrote in white, saying: "Pang Juan died under this tree."

So he ordered the Qi army, who was good at shooting ten thousand crossbows, to ambush along the road. , Qi said, "When I saw the fire at dusk, it all started to shine." Pang Juanguo went to the tree at night and saw the white letter, so he put it under the fire candle.

Before he finished reading his book, the Qi army fired all their crossbows, and the Wei army was in chaos. Pang Juan knew that he had lost his wits and was defeated, so he said to himself: "So he became known as Shuzi!" Qi Yin took advantage of the victory to defeat his army and captured Wei Crown Prince Shen Yi.

Sun Bin became famous in the world with this name, and his military skills were passed down from generation to generation. Thirteen years later, Wei and Zhao attacked South Korea, and South Korea asked Qi for help. Qi State sent Tian Ji to lead his troops and went straight to Daliang.

When Wei general Pang Juan heard the news, he left Korea and rushed back, but the Qi army had already crossed the Qi border and was heading west. Sun Tzu said to Tian Ji: "The armies of the Three Jin Dynasties have always been brave and brave, but they look down on Qi. Qi has a reputation for cowardice, and those who are good at fighting can only make the best of the situation.

The Art of War says that to march hundreds of miles to fight with the enemy General Li will lose, and only half of the people can arrive after marching fifty miles and competing with the enemy. (In order to make the Wei army think that the Qi army is lagging behind in large numbers, the Qi army should first set up 100,000 stoves after entering Wei territory, and then set up one day later. Fifty thousand stoves, and another day to set up 30,000 stoves."

Pang Juan marched for three days and saw the traces of stoves left by the Qi army. He was very happy and said, "I knew the Qi army was cowardly. Three days after entering our territory, most of the soldiers have fled. "So he abandoned the infantry and led only light troops to pursue the Qi army at double speed.

Sun Tzu estimated that the Wei army was marching at such a speed that they should arrive at Maling by nightfall. The road to Maling was narrow and there were many dangers on the side, where soldiers and horses could be ambushed, so the bark of a big tree was peeled off to reveal the white wood, and "Pang Juan died under this tree" was written on it.

Then he ordered the Qi army's good archers to hold tens of thousands of crossbows and ambush on both sides of the road, making an agreement that "when it gets dark, we will shoot arrows together when we see a lit fire." Sure enough, Pang Juan came to the big tree with its bark peeled off at night. When he saw writing on the tree, he dug a log to make a fire for lighting.

Before the words were finished, the Qi army fired ten thousand crossbows, and the Wei army was in chaos and lost its formation. Pang Juan knew that there was nothing he could do and the army was completely defeated, so he had no choice but to commit suicide. Before he died, he said: "Finally, let this little boy become famous!" The Qi State took advantage of the victory to annihilate the Wei army and captured Wei Prince Shen and returned to the country. Sun Bin became famous all over the world. Learn his art of war. 7. Who can help me translate an ancient passage?

Talent and virtue are two different things, and secular people often cannot tell them apart. They generalize them as wise, so they misjudge the person. The so-called talent refers to intelligence, insight, strength, and perseverance; the so-called virtue refers to integrity, fairness, and gentle treatment of others. Talent is the auxiliary of virtue; virtue is the commander of talent. The bamboo in Yunmeng is known as strong in the world. However, if its bend is not corrected and it is not equipped with feathers, it cannot be used as a sharp arrow to penetrate hard objects. The copper produced in the Tang region is regarded as excellent all over the world. However, if it is not smelted, cast, and forged, it cannot be used as a weapon to penetrate hard armor. Therefore, those who have both virtue and talent are called saints; those who have neither virtue nor talent are called fools; those who have more virtue than others are called gentlemen; those whose talents exceed virtue are called villains. When selecting talents, if you cannot find saints or gentlemen and appoint them, it is better to get fools than villains. Why? Because a gentleman has his talents and uses them for good; while a villain has his talents and uses them for evil. If you have the talent to do good deeds, you can do good everywhere; if you rely on the talent to do evil, you can do all kinds of evil. Even if a fool wants to do evil, he will not be able to do it because of his lack of wisdom and strength. He is like a puppy that attacks people, but people can subdue it. And the villain has enough intrigues and tricks to be evil, and he has enough power to show off his violence. Just like an evil tiger taking wings, isn't he very harmful? Virtuous people are respected, and talented people are loved. It is easy to favor and trust those you like, and to alienate those you respect. Therefore, those who select talents are often blinded by a person's talent and forget to examine his character. .

What Sima Guang said in defining "talent" in Zizhi Tongjian 8. Translation of "Zizhi Tongjian"

Wei Zhigu, the supervisor of Huangmen, was originally a small official. Because of Yao Chong's recommendation, they both became prime ministers. If you admire him lightly, please ask the Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs to know how to choose the affairs of the Eastern Capital. Send the Minister of the Ministry of Staff to the Song Dynasty to serve as an official under his family; to know the ancient title.

The second son of Chong was in charge of the Eastern Capital. Relying on his father's virtue in knowing the past, he was quite able to ask for help. The next day, the superior calmly asked Chong: "How talented and talented is your son? What official position do you have now?" Chong knew what his superior meant and said to him: "I have three sons, two of whom are in the east capital. Qianwei knew about the ancient times, but I didn't even bother to ask about it." When I first heard about Chong Bi's memorial, he asked me, "How do you know about it?" "Yi Zhi. The ministers are stupid and think that knowing the ancients will lead to virtuous ministers, so they dare to do it." So the superiors regard the worship as selfless, but they don't know the ancients and want to denounce them. Chonggu asked: "I am sorry that I have violated your Majesty's laws. I am lucky that your Majesty pardons my sins. If I know about the past because of my ignorance, the world will regard your Majesty as my own, and I will be tired of the Holy Government." The emperor agreed for a long time. In the year of 1911, Zhigu was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Industry.

Translation:

Wei Zhigu, the supervisor of Huangmen, was originally a minor official. He relied on Yao Chong's recommendation to become prime minister in the same dynasty as Yao Chong. Yao Chong despised him in his heart, so he asked him to act as the Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and be responsible for presiding over the selection of officials in Luoyang, the eastern capital. He also sent Song, the Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, to be responsible for approving the officials of the sixth grade and below drafted by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of War in Menxia Province. Ministry officer. Wei Zhigu was very dissatisfied with Yao Chong.

Yao Chong’s two sons served in the Central Government Office located in Luoyang, the eastern capital. Relying on their father’s favor to Wei Zhigu, they seized power wantonly and secretly sought positions from Wei Zhigu on behalf of others; Wei Zhigu After Gu returned to Chang'an, he told Emperor Xuanzong all these things. A few days later, Xuanzong casually asked Yao Chong: "How is your son's talent and character? What official position does he hold now?" Yao Chong guessed Xuanzong's thoughts and replied: "I have three sons, two of whom are They were all working in the Eastern Capital, and they were very lustful and unruly. Now they must have asked Wei Zhigu privately about something, but I didn't have time to interrogate them. "Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty originally thought that Yao Chong would do it. His son concealed it, and after hearing his answer, he happily asked: "How do you know about this?" Yao Chong replied: "When Wei Zhigu was in a humble position, I used to take care of him in many ways. The son of his ministers was very foolish and thought that Wei Zhigu would be grateful to his ministers and would tolerate their evil deeds, so he dared to ask for help from him. " Therefore, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty believed that Yao Chong was loyal and selfless, and looked down upon Wei Zhigu. He was ungrateful and wanted to remove him from his post. Yao Chong firmly asked Xuanzong not to do this. He said: "This matter is because my two sons were guilty and violated your majesty's laws. Your majesty pardoned their sins. I feel very lucky; if it was because of my And by expelling Wei Zhigu, people in the world will definitely think that His Majesty is showing favoritism to his ministers, which will damage the reputation of the Holy Dynasty." Tang Xuanzong pondered for a long time before agreeing to his request. On the 25th of Xinhai (Xinhai 25th), Wei Zhigu was removed from the post of prime minister and was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Industry.