Li Bai (AD 70 1- AD 762), whose word is Taibai, is a violet layman, also known as "fallen fairy". He was a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, and was praised as "Poet Fairy" by later generations. Also known as "Du Li" with Du Fu. He is cheerful and generous, loves to drink and write poems, and likes to make friends. At the beginning of Tianbao, when I entered Chang 'an, what happened? He was called the fallen immortal and was recommended to Tang Xuanzong to write to Hanlin.
The overall style of his poems is heroic, fresh and elegant, magnificent and magnificent. It not only reflects the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, but also exposes the corruption of the ruling class, showing the positive spirit of despising the powerful, resisting the traditional bondage and pursuing freedom and ideals, which is very romantic.
His Ci and Fu are biographies of Song people (such as Wen Ying's Xiang Fu Ji and Shan Ye). As far as its pioneering significance and artistic achievements are concerned, "Li Bai's Ci" enjoys a high status.
Li Bai's birthplace is still controversial.
The life of the character
Li Bai (70 1-762), whose real name is Taibai, was born in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now Tianshui City, Gansu Province), Suiye City on the Suiye River in Kyrgyzstan, which belongs to the Hufu of Tang 'an (now tokmak City, Chuhe Prefecture), and grew up in Changlong County, Mianzhou, Jiannan Province (now jiangyou city, Sichuan Province). There are such titles as "Poet Fairy", "Poet Xia", "Brewmaster" and "Immortal Fairy", which are collectively called Da with Du Fu (referred to as Li Shangyin and Du Mu).
According to the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Li Bai is the ninth grandson of Gui Li, the King of Liang. According to this statement, Li Bai is the same clan as the kings of Li Tang, and is the same generation brother as Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin. Others say that his ancestors were Li or Li Yuanji; According to Old Tang Book, Li Bai's father, Li Ke, was appointed as the city guard.
In the third year of An Shi Rebellion (756), he felt angry and difficult, and joined Li Lin, the shogunate of Wang Yong. Unfortunately, Wang Yong and Su Zong fought for the throne, and the defeat was implicated in the exile of Yelang (now Guizhou). I was forgiven on the way and wrote "Send Baidicheng Early". In his later years, he drifted in the southeast, and soon died. Some people say that he was "born and died after drinking" (see Pi Rixiu's Poems of Li Hanlin). Others say that it was sudden death due to drinking (see Old Tang Book). It is also said that he was drunk and drowned in the lake, which has a long history and is widely circulated.
His works are imaginative, romantic, dreamy and brilliant. Poetry is like running water, just like nature itself. Li Bai's poems have been circulated for thousands of years, and many poems have become classics, such as "But since the water is still flowing, although we cut with swords, we raise our glasses to dispel our worries". Li Bai's artistic achievements in poetry and song are regarded as the pinnacle of China's romantic poetry. Li Bai's poems are included in volumes 16 1 to 185. There is a collection of Li Taibai handed down from generation to generation. Du Fu once commented on Li Bai's article like this: Putting pen to paper scares the wind and rain, and poetry makes the gods cry.
family member
parents
According to Old Tang Book, Li Bai's father was named Li Ke and was appointed as the city guard. Mom, there is no record.
spouse
1. The first wife, Xu, became a wife (formerly known as "Purple Smoke from Rizhao Incense Burner"), which had a great influence on Li Bai. Li Bai always gives encouragement and help when he is lonely, and he is Xu's granddaughter and Xu's youngest son. It was in 727 AD that they were married by Meng Haoran, a friend of Xiangyang, Hubei Province (or Hu Ziyang and Ma, two friends of Anlu, Hubei Province) and became the son-in-law of Daomenpo. After marriage, they have a son named Li Boqin and a daughter named Li Pingyang. In 738 AD, Xu passed away.
In addition, Li Bai had only one wife in his life, Xu Shi: in the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan, Li Bai was 25 years old. She left Sichuan and roamed the whole country, traveling to Dongting in the south and Jinling and Yangzhou in the east. Later, she returned to Jiangxia and married Xu's granddaughter. Xu was the prime minister in Anlu, Hubei Province, and settled in Anlu. After Li Bai and his wife Xu got married, they lived a happy married life under Taohua Rock in Baizhao Mountain, which is very close to the Xu family. However, the happy life of husband and wife did not make Li Bai's ambition to go out and start a career decline. Based in Anzhou, I traveled several times, reaching Luoyang and Taiyuan in the north, Qilu in the east and Huiji in the south, and hiding in the water with Taoist Wu Yun. In the first year of Tianbao, Li Bai was 42 years old. On the recommendation of Wu Yun, he was recruited into Beijing by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Tianbao left Chang 'an three years later, and wandered in Tianbao 14 years later 12 years, traveling in the capital of song dynasty, Qilu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Zhao Yan. Li Bai met Du Fu soon after he left Chang 'an, and they forged a deep friendship.
Liu, the first lover, was a daughter of a famous family in Nanling, and broke up after living together. In 739 AD, Li Bai took this woman to buy a house in Anhui. We live together like this, without being married by the Ming media. Soon, because Liu looked down on Li Bai, Li Bai left angrily.
13. The second wife, Dong Lu's surname, is Li Boli's biological mother. In 745 AD, Li Bai was appointed as a city in Shandong and married a local woman. Li Baigang came out of Chang 'an, the capital, carrying a big bag of gold and silver treasures and Du Fu and Gao Shi all the way through Shangqiu, Henan Province, and stayed here for a long time. After breaking up with them, Li Bai went to Taishan to get a Taoist certificate, passed by Rencheng and met this woman. They hit it off and got married. He gave birth to a son, and Li Bai left a lot of fields in Yanzhou, Shandong Province. After that, he gave these fields to his wife in his wandering life. His wife died five years after their marriage.
3. The third wife, a patriarchal clan, in 750 AD, when Li Bai met Wu Zetian in Kaifeng, Henan Province, as the granddaughter of Prime Minister Zong Chuke, said that Li Bai was drunk in Liangyuan and his poems were booming, so he wrote "Song of Liangyuan" on the wall. Shortly after leaving, the Zong couple came here with their servants. When they saw this poem, they couldn't let it go for a long time. The servant in Liangyuan just saw it and was about to wipe it off. After the Zongs stopped, they spent a lot of money to buy this wall, leaving the story of "one thousand dollars to buy a wall". In 76 1 year, Zong went to Kuangshan to learn Taoism. So Li Bai was alone again. Zong saved Li Bai when he was wronged by Li Lin.
children
The eldest son Li Boqin (? -Li Bai was born in the Xu family in 792 and died 30 years later.
Li Pingyang, the eldest daughter, was born in Xu Shi and died after marriage.
The second sons, Li Bai and Li Bai, were born with a woman on East Road and later disappeared.
Major achievements
poetic sentiment
Li Bai inherited Chen Ziang's literary ideas and took it as his duty to restore the tradition of poetry and Sao. He once said, "Since Liang Chen, Yan Bo has been extremely thin, and Shen Xiuwen still insists on temperament and will go back to the ancients. Who is it? " (Bai Meng's "Gao Yi") He advocates "halal" and satirizes the ugly girl who is "naive in carving insects" and learns from Handan.
His best genre is seven-character poems and quatrains, which adopt the structure of opening and closing, jumping and swinging. The beginning of a poem is often abrupt, such as a sudden surge, while the middle image of the poem is abrupt, often omitting the transitional care, as if there is no trace to follow, and the end of the poem comes to an abrupt end at the emotional climax. It more embodies the fresh and lively style of his poems. For example, The First Arrival of Baidicheng, Farewell to Meng Haoran on the Way to Yangzhou, Difficult Road, Looking at Lushan Waterfall, Thinking of Quiet Night, etc. The beauty of it all lies in "only looking at the prospect, but there are overtones, foreign flavor, which makes people stay away from it." The "natural beauty" in Yu is the result of his careful study of the characteristics of folk songs.
Some of Li Bai's poems and songs are fresh as spoken language, some are bold and unconstrained, and close to prose, but they are all unified in the natural beauty of "clear water produces hibiscus, naturally carved". This is related to his conscious pursuit of natural beauty-
Literary forms like Fu.
There is no unanimous conclusion as to whether Li Bai created ci, but there are about 20 works handed down as Li Bai's ci, such as autumn wind ci, knot socks, Bodhisattva Man and Qin Yi E. Are they true and can they be classified into ci?
As far as its pioneering significance and artistic achievements are concerned, "Li Bai's Ci" enjoys a high position in the history of Ci. This position is just like the position of ancient Greek mythology in western art. As an unattainable norm, Li Bai's ci has become an eternal idol in people's hearts. Li Bai has made great contributions to the formation of the text mode and the creation mode of ci.
In fact, Li Bai will never be forgotten in all the anthologies and collections of Tang and Song Ci since the Five Dynasties' Flower Picking, and at least one sentence should be put in the preface and postscript. His achievement is the first great poet in the history of literature. Although he has only a few poems whose copyrights are often questioned, no one has ever expressed dissatisfaction or criticism to him. If the world's first poet is selected, Li Bai will undoubtedly be elected as the "King of Ci" by unanimous vote.
calligraphy
Shangjietie is a cursive script with four words and four lines written by Li Bai, and it is also the only authentic calligraphy handed down from generation to generation. Paper, 28.5 cm long and 38. 1 cm wide. The cursive script has 5 lines and 25 words. The secretary uses the word "Taibai". Quoting the title of "Qinglian Han Yi" in the regular script of Emperor Li Hong, Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty, the title of "Tang Li Taibai Shangjie" is engraved on the upper right of the text, and the title is Song Huizong Evonne Bojinshu. , Yan,, Du Ben, Ouyang Xuan,,, Qi Lu, Qing Ganlong and others wrote and watched. There are Zi Gu and Dong Zhai of Zhao in Song Dynasty, Chou He's book of Jia Sidao, Zhang Qian's private seal in Yuan Dynasty and Ouyang Xuan's seal in Ming Dynasty, as well as Xiang, He Qing Biao, An Qi, Qing Neifu and modern collection seal.
swordsmanship
Li Bai is not only brilliant in literary talent, but also brilliant in fencing. He is "fifteen good swordsmanship" and "swordsmanship self-study".
Extraordinary achievements. Li Bai's poems, Pei Minzhi's swordsmanship and Zhang Xu's cursive script are collectively called "Three Musts" in the Tang Dynasty. Although Li Bai's swordsmanship was not included in the "Three Musts", his swordsmanship was second only to that of Pei Min, ranking second in the Tang Dynasty.
According to statistics, the word * * * appeared 107 times in Li Bai's Poems of the Whole Tang Dynasty, except for "Jiange" which appeared three times as a place name, "Sword Wall" which appeared 1 time, and "Sword" which appeared as a weapon 103 times. Sword with 1 time, Wu Gou with 1 time, Wu Hong with 1 time, Zhan Lu with 1 time, and Mo Xie with 1 time. In total, the * * * of Sword appeared 1 18 times (including Frost and Snow in Wu Gou, Sword in Idle Zhanlu, Sword Flower Hà Thu Out of the Box, My Wife's Evil Sword and My Family's Green Ping Sword were 1 time respectively). It can be seen how much Li Bai loves swords.
Taoist classics
Since childhood, Li Bai often went to Daitian to talk to Taoist priests about Taoism. Later, he lived in seclusion with a hermit named Dong Yanzi in Minshan and studied hard. They keep many exotic birds and work as animal keepers in the mountains where they live. These beautiful and docile birds are used to breeding and fly regularly for food, as if they can understand human language. As soon as they heard the cry, they flew down the steps from all directions and even pecked at the grain in people's hands without fear. This incident was passed down as an anecdote, and finally Mianzhou secretariat personally went up the mountain to watch birds eat. Seeing that they could direct the movement of birds, the secretariat decided that they had Taoism, so he wanted to recommend them to take the Taoist exam. However, both of them politely refused. Zhao Kun, a famous strategist at that time, was also Li Bai's teacher. He wrote ten volumes of long and short classics in the fourth year of Kaiyuan (7 16). Li Bai was only fifteen years old. Zhao Kun's strategic works, which studied the similarities and differences of the Six Classics, analyzed the situation in the world, emphasized the way of rise and fall, and managed chaos, aroused Li Bai's great interest. He is bent on making contributions in the future and likes to talk about the way of Wang Ba, which is also influenced by this book.
Personality assessment
Li Bai did not show fame in his life, but he had high expectations, was not afraid of and despised the powerful. There have been stories of "Lux took off his boots", "Imperial concubine holding inkstone", "Imperial spoon" and "dragon towel wiping saliva". Unscrupulously mocked the hierarchical order centered on political power, criticized the corrupt political phenomenon at that time, and carried forward the heroic spirit in the prosperous Tang culture with a bold rebellious attitude. Li Bai's anti-power thought has matured with the enrichment of his life practice. In the early days, it was mainly manifested in the equal requirements of "self-improvement, not being human" and "making friends with princes", as he said in his poem: "I was drunk in Chang 'an, and five kings and seven people shared a glass of wine. In the face of heroic spirit, the romantic spirit will fall behind others! " ("Liu Yelang gave the judge Xin") "Encourage the nine masters to make waves and be young and ignorant." ("Ode to the Jade Pot") He sometimes makes grandiloquence that shows contempt for powerful people, such as "Golden jade buys songs and laughs, and drunkenness makes the moon light of princes" ("Remembering the past" sends the county yuan to join the army), but it mainly shows his inner pride. With the understanding of the actual situation of high-level power groups, he further revealed the opposition between grassroots and powerful people: "Zhu Yu buys songs and laughs, and dross raises talents." ("Antique" back to the fifteenth) "Wu Tong nest finch, orange. "(article 39 of the ancient style) and the ugly behavior of those who stole power because of flattering the emperor is even more ridiculous, such as:" The cart flies in the dust and the pavilion is dark in the afternoon. China is more expensive than gold, and Lianyun has a room. He Huihe was dubbed cockfighting. When the rainbow is dried in one breath, pedestrians are afraid. There is no such thing as a deaf ear, who knows Yao and wisdom! When he climbed Mount Tianmu in his dream, he made the biggest cry: "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those high officials whose sincere faces will never be seen!" "The significance of this artistic generalization in Li Bai's poems is just like Du Fu's famous sentence" The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the bones on the road freeze to death "("Sing 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian ").