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The mountains end with the plains, and the river flows into the wilderness

From "Farewell at the Crossing of Jingmen" by a poet of the Tang Dynasty

crossing Far outside Jingmen, I came to travel from the state of Chu.

The mountains end with the plains, and the river flows into the wilderness.

Under the moon, there is a flying mirror, and the clouds form a sea tower.

I still feel sorry for the water in my hometown, and send my boat sailing thousands of miles away.

Notes

Jingmen: The name of the mountain is located on the south bank of the Yangtze River in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province. It faces Huya Mountain on the north bank. The terrain is dangerous and has been known as the throat of Chu and Shu since ancient times.

Far: far from.

Chu State: Chu Land refers to the Hubei area and belonged to the Chu State during the Spring and Autumn Period.

Pingye: a flat and vast wilderness.

Jiang: Yangtze River.

Great wilderness: vast and endless fields.

Flying Sky Mirror under the Moon: The bright moon reflects in the river, like a flying sky mirror. Down: Move down.

Hailou: mirage, which describes the beautiful scene of clouds on the river.

Still: Still.

Pity: love. One book is "Lian".

Hometown water: refers to the Yangtze River water flowing from Sichuan. Because the poet has lived in Sichuan since he was a child, he calls Sichuan his hometown.

Wanli: means a long journey.

Appreciation

In "Farewell at Crossing Jingmen", the sentence reflects the tranquility of the river, showing the vastness of the river bank and the high sky. The sentence full of romanticism is "The flying mirror under the moon, the clouds are forming knots." "Hailou."

The words "Sui" and "Ru" in the couplet are used well. The word "Sui" turns static into movement (or "uses movement to write stillness"), connecting the mountains and plains. The position gradually changes and moves, and is vividly displayed, giving people a sense of space and flow. The character "enter" has a vivid image, expresses the broadness of style, fully expresses people's passion, and is full of joy and high emotions.

Not only does it expand its momentum because of the images of vast wilderness such as "plains" and "wilderness"; it is also very vivid because of the dynamic description. The river is indeed flowing, but the mountains are actually solid. The dynamic feeling of "following and ending" is completely derived from the actual experience of boating. After traveling for many days in the steep and dangerous Three Gorges area with overlapping mountains, you can imagine your sudden enlightenment when you suddenly see the magnificent scenery. It uses highly condensed language. It describes the geographical changes of the poet's entire journey in an extremely summary manner.

This poem was written when he came out of Shu. Jingmen, also known as Jingmen Mountain, is located in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province today, on the south bank of the Yangtze River, opposite Huya Mountain on the north bank across the river. The situation is dangerous and has been known as the throat of Chu and Shu since ancient times.

Li Bai left Shu this time and traveled by boat by water, passing through Bayu, out of the Three Gorges, and headed straight beyond Jingmen Mountain. The goal was to travel to the hometown of the Chu Kingdom in Hubei and Hunan. "Crossing the distance outside Jingmen, coming to travel from the state of Chu" refers to this grand tour. At this time, the young poet was in high spirits, sitting on the boat and enjoying the towering mountains on both sides of Wushan Mountain. Along the way, the distant scenery gradually changed. When the boat passed the Jingmen area, it was already a plain wilderness, and the field of vision suddenly broadened. Scenery:

"The mountains end with the plains, and the river flows into the wilderness."

The Yangtze River flows below Jingmen, the river course is tortuous and the flow speed slows down. At night, when the river is quiet, looking down at the reflection of the moon in the water is like a bright mirror flying from the sky; during the day, looking up at the sky, the clouds rise and change infinitely, forming a wonder like a castle in the sky. This is exactly the wonderful beauty that can be seen from the high altitude of the vast plains around Jingmen and the calm river surface. For example, in the Three Gorges, where there are high mountains and lofty mountains, there is no bright moon at midnight, the summer water is in the shadow, and the water on the river is turbulent. It is difficult to have the opportunity to see the image of the "flying mirror under the moon" in the water; in the Three Gorges where the sky and the sun are hidden, There is no space to see the wonder of "Yunsheng Jiehai Tower". In this couplet, the moon in the water is as bright as a round mirror to reflect the calmness of the river, and the clouds in the sky are used to form a virtual illusion to contrast the vastness of the river bank and the highness of the sky. The artistic effect is very strong. The two couplets on the jaw and neck vividly describe the fresh feelings of people living in Shu when they came out of the gorge for the first time and saw the vast plains.

When Li Bai was admiring the scenery around Jingmen, he couldn't help but feel homesick when facing the surging river flowing through his hometown:

"I still pity the water of my hometown, and I see it off for thousands of miles."

The poet started "reciting Liujia" at the age of five until he traveled to Jingmen at the age of 25. He has always lived in Sichuan, studied on Daitian Mountain, visited Emei, and lived in seclusion in Qingcheng. He has deep emotions for the mountains and rivers in Sichuan. The Shu land that the river flows through is the hometown where he was raised. How could he not be endlessly fascinated and reluctant to leave when we say goodbye for the first time? But the poet did not say that he missed his hometown, but said that the water of his hometown sent me on a long journey without ever returning. With deep affection and affection, he saw me off thousands of miles away, writing from the opposite side, which made him even more homesick. The poem ends with a strong feeling of mourning and farewell, with endless words and endless emotions. The "farewell" in the title of the poem should refer to farewell to hometown rather than farewell to friends. There is no parting emotion in the poem like farewell to friends. The Qing Dynasty believed that "there is no farewell meaning in the poem, and the two words in the title can be deleted" ("Bie Cai"), which is not unreasonable.

This poem has a lofty artistic conception, a majestic style, a majestic image, and a gorgeous imagination. "The mountains follow the plains and the fields end, and the river flows into the wilderness." The writing is so vivid and picturesque, like a long-axis landscape painting of the Yangtze River emerging from the gorge and crossing Jingmen, and it has become a favorite saying. If it is said that a good landscape painting "should be judged by thousands of miles if it is close at hand", then this majestic and majestic Five Rhymes can also be said to be able to see the big from the small, and one to ten. It is rich in capacity and encompasses the scenery of mountains and water flows tens of thousands of miles in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It exists. Highly concentrated artistic generalization ability.

Creative background

This poem was written by Li Bai as a farewell to his hometown when he came from Shu to Jingmen in his youth. The specific writing time of this poem is uncertain. There are three specific theories: One theory It was written in 724 (the twelfth year of Kaiyuan), the second theory was written in 725 (the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan), and the third theory was written in 726 (the fourteenth year of Kaiyuan).

About the author

Li Bai (701-762), also known as Taibai, also known as Qinglian Jushi, also known as "Exiled Immortal", was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He is known as the "Immortal of Poetry" and is called "Li Du" together with Du Fu. In order to distinguish him from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, known as "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are also collectively called "Big Li Du". According to the "New Book of Tang", Li Bai was the ninth grandson of Emperor Xingsheng (King Li Hao of Liangwuzhao) and had the same ancestry as the kings of Li and Tang. He is cheerful and generous, loves drinking, writing poetry, and making friends. Li Bai was deeply influenced by the thoughts of Huang Lao Liezhuang. There is "Collection of Li Taibai" handed down to the world. Most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include "Wang Lushan Waterfall", "The Road is Difficult", "The Road to Shu is Difficult", "About to Enter the Wine" and "Mingtang". "Fu", "Early Departure from Baidi City" and many other poems.