Literal translation: interacting with each other even in unintentional interactions, helping each other even when not helping each other.

Explanation: To achieve friendship, friendship comes from inadvertence, and mutual help comes from inaction. This is the "irreconcilable friendship".

This article is an article in the book "Zhuangzi". "Zhuangzi", also known as "Nanhua Sutra", is a Taoist scripture written by Zhuangzi and his followers in the middle of the Warring States Period. After the Han Dynasty, Zhuangzi was respected as the True Man of Nanhua, so "Zhuangzi" is also called "Nanhua Sutra". His book, "Laozi" and "Book of Changes" are collectively called the "Three Mysteries".

The book "Zhuangzi" mainly reflects Zhuangzi's critical philosophy, art, aesthetics, aesthetics, etc. It is rich in content, extensive and profound, covering many aspects such as philosophy, life, politics, society, art, and the theory of cosmogenesis.

Extended information:

Appreciation:

1. About "real people" and "the great nature"

Zhuangzi always missed that in his heart A perfect ancient society, so Zhuangzi is ancient, and only in that era can "real people" who truly understand the Tao appear.

In "The Great Master", Zhuangzi uses parallelism to describe the image of his ideal "real person" (some people think that these parallelisms describing real people were added by later generations, not From the pen of Zhuangzi). So what kind of demeanor does the "real person" in Zhuangzi's eyes have? Zhuangzi believes that "the real person in ancient times will not rebel against the few, will not be a hero, and will not be a motive."

The so-called "not rebel against the few" , that is, do not make any inferences about things without warning. Moreover, the real people in ancient times were very humble and never arrogant. "Bumoshi" can better reflect the image of the real person.

They will not be complacent because everything goes well, nor will they be frustrated because they missed opportunities. It is precisely because of this kind of mind and magnanimity that we can integrate ourselves into nature and the Tao, and achieve the state of unity between Tao and body. Therefore, the real person we see has the ability to "not tremble when climbing high, not wet when entering water, and not warm when entering fire".

The real people in ancient times showed an optimistic attitude when facing life and death. "The ancient true man did not know how to talk about life and did not know how to hate death. When he comes out, he is not new, and when he comes in, he is not far away." If he does not rejoice in the coming of life, he will not feel fear in the face of the passing of life. They are as unrestrained as the wind in the world, floating in and out.

They "don't use their hearts to contribute to the Tao, and they don't use their people to help Heaven." People should comply with the Tao and nature, rather than exerting external force or trying to change anything.

Therefore, real people often appear extraordinarily calm and quiet because they can forget everything in their hearts, "Sad as autumn, warm as spring, joy and anger in all four seasons, they are in harmony with things but don't know their extremes." "Real people can let their emotions change as naturally as the changing of the seasons. They maintain their true temperament, and everything comes from the heart and is natural."

2. About "freaks" and "death and life"

In Zhuangzi's works, some "freaks" images often appear. "Deformed people are deformed from human beings and behaving like nature." "Deformed people" are not only different from ordinary people in physical appearance, but also their way of looking at life is different from ordinary people, but they tend to follow the natural path. In "The Grand Master", there are a series of "freaks" with ugly appearances and weird behaviors.

Although their limbs were distorted and their images were ugly due to serious illness, Ziyu and Zilai maintained their open-minded spirit. They can "take nothing as their head, life as their spine, and death as their ribs", "know that life and death are one body", regard "life" and "death" as a whole, break through the shackles of external objects in the body, and finally forget Overcoming life and death, he achieved spiritual transcendence.

It is precisely because the "freaks" have understood the essence of life and death that when Zi Lai fell ill and was "panting and about to die," he was still able to sleep calmly and feel content. wake up. Even after Zi Sanghu died, Mencius and Zi Qin Zhang not only did not show the slightest pain, but "either arranged music or played the harp and sang in harmony".

In the eyes of the world, their behavior is against etiquette.

However, for people like Zi Sanghu, Mencius Fan, and Zi Qin Zhang, they have long been free from the secular world and live in a realm of natural inaction. All things related to etiquette and customs can only become their free world. Ties and encumbrances.

So when Zi Sanghu died, his friends believed that death can make people return to their true nature and were happy for Zi Sanghu's death.

3. About "Tao" and "Cultivation of Tao"

As the main representative of Taoist thought, Zhuangzi reflects Taoist thought in most of his works; and in "The Great Master" In the chapter, there is a passage that is considered to be the general outline of Zhuangzi's Taoism.

This passage is "The Tao of husbands, with feelings and faith, is intangible; it can be passed down but not received, and it can be obtained but not seen; it has its own roots, there is no heaven and earth, it has been fixed since ancient times; gods, ghosts and gods The emperor is born in the earth; he is before the Tai Chi but not high; he is below the six poles but not deep; he is born in the heaven and the earth but not long; he is older than the ancients but not old.”

Here. In this passage, Zhuangzi reveals that Tao is an objective existence and is the cause and law of all things in the universe, but Tao is invisible and traceless. This passage reflects Zhuangzi's view on how to "obtain the Tao", that is, "it can be taught but not received, and it can be obtained but not seen." The Tao can be taught by the heart but not by mouth. It can be obtained by the heart but cannot be seen by the eyes.

Baidu Encyclopedia——Grand Master