The original text and translation of Du Huan's biography are as follows:

Original text:

Du Huan, courtesy name Shuxun. He was originally from Luling, and served his father on a tour of Huanjiangzhuang in the Yuan Dynasty, and then to Quanling in the Song Dynasty. Huan is careful and respectful, and he is quick to employ people in a hurry. My father's friend, Chang Yungong, the chief of the Ministry of War, died in Jiujiang, and his family was attacked. His mother, Mrs. Zhang, was sixty years old and was trapped at the foot of Jiujiang City with nowhere to return. Or tell him, "Now that I'm guarding Tan Jingxian in Anqing, why don't you allow me to be a respectful friend?"

Nian Yun Gong tried to be an official in Jinling, and made relatives and friends, or if there are any survivors, I can hope for the common people; I came to Jinling weeping again. If you ask one or two people, there will be no survivors. When I visited Yiyuan's home, I heard on the road that "Yiyuan has been dead for a long time, but his son Huan survives, and his home is directly at Luzhoufang". My mother's clothes were in tatters, and the rain came to Huan's house. Huanfang was sitting facing the guests, and was shocked when he saw his mother. If he saw her face, he asked: "My mother is very lady, why do you do this?"

My mother cried and told Huan. He also cried, helped him to sit down, bowed to her, and called his wife again to come out and bow. His wife, Mr. Ma, took off her clothes and changed her mother's wet clothes, served her with rice and food, and slept with her in a quilt. The mother asked about her dear friends and her youngest son Bozhang. It is not enough for Huan to know that his old friend is no longer alive, and he does not know whether Bo Zhang is alive or dead. Gu comforted him and said, "It's raining from the sky. When the rain stops, my mother will visit me."

You have no one to take care of your mother. Although Huan is poor, you can't live alone to serve your mother? At that time, the soldiers were hungry, and the people's flesh and blood could not protect each other. When the mother saw that Huan's family was poor, Yu Zhijian wanted to go out and ask about his old friend. Huan ordered Ying Nu to follow her until dusk, but she returned without meeting her. Huan bought cloth, and now his wife is making quilts. From Huan down, everything is done by mother. Motherhood tends to be anxious, less satisfying, and often criticized and angry. Huan privately warns his family members, let him do what he does, and don't be scornful or arrogant because he is trapped. The mother has phlegm disease, so Huanqin cooks medicine to treat dagger tendons.

Because of my mother, I dare not speak loudly. Ten years later, Huan was enshrined in the imperial edict of Kuaiji and returned to Jiaxing. When he met his son Bozhang, he wept and said, "My wife is at Huan's house, thinking day and night that my young son is ill. I must go and see him early." After hearing this, Di said: "I also know it, but the road is far from reaching my ears." When Huan returned half a year ago, Bo Zhang came. When the mother saw her young son, she cried loudly in a quarrel. When Bo Zhang saw his old mother, he was afraid that he would not be able to do it, so he resigned because he had other things to do and stopped caring about her.

I worshiped my mother with great sincerity, but the more my mother read Bo Zhang, the more her illness worsened. When he was about to die, he raised his hands to Huan and said: "I'm tired of Mr. Du! I'm tired of Mr. Du! Mr. Kundu will give birth to descendants, as salty as Mr. Du!" After saying this, he died. Huanju coffin and coffin were buried in Zhongjiashan in the south of the city, and sacrifices were often made to his tomb every year.

Historian said: When people are in harmony with each other, they promise each other with their bodies. If there is no difficulty, when things change and the situation becomes too difficult, many people will not be able to follow what they say and carry it away! After Kuang's death, he was raised well. Dear friends? I think Du Huanshi, although ancient people were praised as righteous and martyrs, how could they go too far, but the secular world always says that if modern people don't catch the ancients, they will also slander the world's scholars.

Translation:

Du Huan, whose pseudonym is Shu Xun. His ancestors were from Luling. Because he served his father Du Yiyuan as an official in the Jiangnan area, he settled in Jinling. Du Huan is a strict and well-behaved man who values ??credit and is willing to help others when they are in need. His father's friend, Chang Yungong, the director of the Ministry of War, died of illness in Jiujiang, and his family was ruined. Chang Yungong's mother, Zhang, was sixty years old. She cried bitterly under the Jiujiang City Wall and had no destination.

Someone told her: "Isn't Tan Jingxian, who is now the prefect of Anqing Prefecture, a friend of Yun Gong? Why not rely on him there." My mother took someone else's boat to visit Tan Jingxian. Tan Jing first excused himself and refused to meet. The mother's situation is very difficult. Thinking that Yungong once served as an official in Jinling, his relatives and friends there may still be alive, and there may be hope for the eventuality. So she cried and begged others to take her to Jinling.

I asked about one or two of my relatives and friends, but none of them are still there. Then he asked where Du Yiyuan's home was. A passerby on the road replied: "Yi Yuan has been dead for a long time. Only my son Du Huan is still here. His family lives in Zhiluzhoufang." The old mother was wearing rags and walking in the rain. Go to Du Huan's house. Du Huan was chatting with the guests. He was very surprised to see his mother, as if he had seen her face before.

So he asked her: "Isn't my mother Mrs. Chang? Why are you here?" My mother told Du Huan the reason for coming here. Du Huan also cried while listening. He helped his mother sit down, saluted her, and called his wife to come out and salute.

Du Huan's wife, Ma, took off her own clothes and changed into her mother's wet clothes, brought rice porridge for her to eat, and brought a quilt for her to rest. The old mother asked about an old friend who had close contact with her family in the past and her youngest son Bozhang.

Du Huan knew that none of her old friends were here, so she could not rely on them, and she did not know whether Bo Zhang was alive or dead. Let me comfort the old lady and say: It is raining. When the rain stops, I will go and inquire about it for you. If there is no one to serve you, even though my family is poor, why can't I serve you? It was the time of famine after the war, and the people could not protect each other's flesh and blood. When my mother saw that Du Huan's family was poor, she decided to go out to look for him after the rain stopped. other friends.

Du Huan asked his wife's maid to go with her. When it was getting dark, she did not find any friends and returned empty-handed. Du Huan bought pieces of cloth and satin and asked his wife to sew clothes and quilts for his mother. The family members from Du Huan down all serve the old man as their mother. The old mother has a narrow-minded and impatient temperament, and she will scold her whenever something slightly uncomfortable happens.

Du Huan privately told the family to let the old man act according to her own temper, and not to neglect the old man or argue with her because of the family's difficult circumstances. My mother suffered from phlegm and asthma, so Du Huan personally prepared medicine for her and brought her spoons and chopsticks. Because of my mother, I dare not speak loudly.

Ten years later, Du Huan followed the emperor's order and went to Kuaiji to offer sacrifices to the mountain spirits in the temple. On his way back, he passed through Jiaxing and met his mother's son Bozhang. Du Huan cried and said to him: " The wife lives in my house and misses you day and night, so she becomes ill. You have to go see her as soon as possible." Bo Zhang didn't seem to hear anything and just said, "I also know that my mother is at your house, but it's just a long way to go. "Half a year passed after Du Huan returned home before Bo Zhang came.

When the old mother saw her little son, she hugged him and cried. After the mother and son met, Bo Zhang saw that his mother was very old and was worried that they could not leave together. He lied and said that he had other things to do, said goodbye, and never cared about his mother again. Du Huan served his mother more respectfully and thoughtfully, but her mother also missed Bo Zhang even more, and her illness suddenly worsened.

Before he died, he raised his hand and said to Du Huan: "I have burdened Du Jun, I have burdened Du Jun! I wish Du Jun's descendants will be like Du Jun!" After saying these words, The words died out. Du Huan bought coffins and coffins to perform funeral rituals, and bought land in Zhongjiashan in the south of the city to bury his mother. I often go to her tomb to pay homage during holidays.

The historian commented: "When friends are in harmony, it seems that it is not difficult to give everything to their friends; but when things change and friends are in trouble, they cannot practice themselves. There are too many people who betray their friends and leave because of their promises! How much more can they support their parents after their friends die?”

I observed Du Huan’s deeds, and even the loyal and righteous martyrs praised in ancient times were I can’t compare to him. The world often says that today’s people are not as good as the ancients. Isn’t this an injustice to the whole world?”