Song Dynasty Su Shi's "He Da Pang Joins the Army": "A thousand words can be said, and a poem can be written brilliantly."

This poem has a long preface, and the author explains it in poetic language. There are two meanings: first, because of the word "Lai Kuai", the writing is a poem, and the word "answer" in the title of the poem is closely linked; second, it recounts the friendship with Pang Canjun, so I feel sad when parting, and also because of old age, illness and weakness, Even when he is no longer writing, he still has to try his best to answer, paving the way for the emotional expression of the whole poem.

The whole poem has sixteen lines, which can be divided into two levels. The first level is the first eight sentences, recalling the sincere and deep friendship with Pang Canjun. The two sentences "Why should we know each other from the past? Let's talk about it in the preface", which shows that the two are not old friends, but new acquaintances. This can be seen from the preface, "Since we are neighbors, we will meet again in winter and spring." "Historical Records" Volume 83 "Biography of Lu Zhonglian and Zou Yang" quotes a proverb: "A white head is as new as a new one, and a cover is as old as before." This means that if people don't know each other, from the first time they become friends to the old age, they will still look like they just met. Same, no friendship. If people know each other, even if they meet by chance on the road, they will talk side by side like old friends, so that the hoods of the two cars are tangent and tilted, and they can't bear to break up for a long time. The following six sentences recall old travels. "When guests appreciate my interest, they often visit the forest garden" is the summary. "Appreciate my interest" is of course a modest way of saying it. On the other hand, it is also the interest of the garden environment where Tao Yuanming lives. Tao Yuanming's independent personality and elegant lifestyle attracted and infected guests including Pang Canjun. Therefore, Make them visit often, knock on the door from time to time, and finally become "acquaintances". The following four sentences talk about "fun" from two aspects. They actually explain the content of the two people's friendship and the basis of their feelings from two aspects. The first is the interest in talking about saints, "Talk about humor without vulgarity, talk about saints", which shows that the style and high level of the conversation content are beyond the reach of the vulgar talk of ordinary people who are obsessed with fame and fortune. The second is the fun of drinking. "There may be several fights of wine, but leisurely drinking will naturally make you happy." If you can use wine to help talk, the interest will be higher, which illustrates the elegant and leisurely way of meeting, and the natural and harmonious exchange of emotions. Of course, this is also the "Tao Yuanming-style" life style and way of making friends.

The following eight sentences of "I am truly a secluded layman" are the second level, expressing the feeling of parting. Precisely because of the deep friendship and deep understanding, once separated, the emotional ties cannot be broken. The poet himself is a person who is determined to return to seclusion, and is not burdened with worldly affairs. He will not travel around for official business. However, his friends have to go far away from him, and they will be separated from each other from now on. Therefore, he hopes that after the separation, he can often communicate with each other to relieve his distant thoughts. "Things are new but people are looking for the old", the saying can be found in "Shangshu": "People only seek the old, and the utensils do not seek the old but the new." It means that the utensils seek the new, and old friendship should be the most important thing between friends. But even if we are emotionally connected and are not afraid of being thousands of miles apart, it still cannot change the reality that we are separated by vast distances and rivers and mountains, and we can no longer talk, laugh and feast all the time. I can only hope that you will take care of your health while you are far away, and I don’t know when we will meet again in the future. The emotions expressed by poets at this level are very delicate and rich: when a breakup is imminent, one cannot help but feel sentimental and melancholy; apart from being sentimental, he also urges people to keep in touch with each other, to take care of their health, and to express their hope for the "love for thousands of miles" after the breakup, and for reuniting in the coming year. gained hope. It seems very simple and deep.

This is a farewell poem and a lyric poem expressing sincere friendship, reflecting an aspect of Tao Yuanming's pastoral life. Like other chapters of Tao's poems, this poem also deeply touches every reader with its true feelings and meaning. It stands to reason that a farewell poem can be written in such a sad and sentimental way that it is unbearable to read. However, this poem expresses one's feelings in a simple and clear way with clear and simple verses. It is really "one sentence". Nature is eternally new, and luxury can be seen as true and pure" (Yuan Haowen's "On Poetry Quatrains"). Its powerful artistic appeal is precisely caused by this "naturalness" and "true purity".