Nalan Xingde (1655-1685): His original name was Chengde, his courtesy name was Rongruo, and he was a native of Langjia Mountain. He was a famous poet in Zhenghuang Banner in Manchuria. He was a famous poet in the early Qing Dynasty. Nalan Xingde was the eldest son of Wuyingdian University Scholar Mingzhu. He was young and very intelligent, and he was versatile in both civil and military affairs. In the fifteenth year of Kangxi's reign (1676), at the age of twenty-two, he ranked seventh in the imperial examination and was awarded the title of Jinshi. He was awarded the third rank of bodyguard, followed by the first rank, and the third rank of military attache. He married the Lu family, the daughter of Lu Xingzu, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and gave her to Shuren. Later, she gave her a first-class wife. After three years of marriage, his wife died. He married an official family and gave her to Shuren. His concubine, named Yan, later adopted Shen Wan, a talented girl from the south of the Yangtze River and the author of "Selecting Dream Ci". Nalan Xingde died at the age of thirty-one and was buried in Zaojiatun, west of Beijing. He left three sons and four daughters. Nalan Xingde's friends throughout his life were mostly Han literati, such as Zhu Yizun, Chen Weisong, Gu Zhenguan, Jiang Chenying, Yan Shengsun, etc. His residence in Lushui Pavilion was often a gathering place for him and his friends. Winning over a group of Han intellectuals for the Qing government in the heyday of Kangxi. Although Nalan Xingde lived a short life, he wrote quite a lot: "Tongzhitang Collection" in twenty volumes (including one volume of Fu, four volumes each of poems, three volumes of prefaces to the classics, two volumes of essays, and four volumes of "Lushui Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge" ), "Ci Lin Zheng Lue"; edited eighty volumes of "The Collection of Yi Yi Cui Yan" and thirty-eight volumes of "Chen Shi's Book of Rites"; compiled and selected "The First Collection of Jin Ci", "Famous Quatrains Notes", " "Selected Poems of the Tang Dynasty" and other books. Moreover, most of these were completed by his pommel horse retinue, and his writing skills are astonishing. Nalan Xingde's main achievement lies in his Ci. There are 349 of his poems in existence, published in the collections "Side Hat" and "Drinking Water", later often called "Nalan Ci". The style is fresh and elegant, and the sadness is persistent and beautiful. It is a legacy of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Wang Guowei commented: "Northern Song Dynasty" Since then, it’s just one person." Nalan Rongruo and his words Nalan Rongruo, whose name is Xingde, Rongruo is his word. The name Nalan Rongruo is charming and stunning: she has an orchid in her chest and a slightly ethereal look. As soon as I chant this name, the graceful appearance of a talented man in troubled times comes to my mind vividly. Nalan Rongruo was born in the 11th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty. He was a native of the Zhenghuang Banner. His ancestors entered the Pass from Long in the early Qing Dynasty and had outstanding military exploits. His father, Mingzhu, was the most powerful minister in the Kangxi Dynasty. Rong Ruo was gifted with intelligence, knowledgeable in classics and history, good at calligraphy, good at painting, and good at riding and shooting. At the age of 17, he was elected as a scholar. At 18, he passed the provincial examination. At the age of 22, he was awarded a Jinshi status by the palace examination. Later, he was promoted to a first-class bodyguard. He often accompanied Kangxi on patrols at the frontier fortresses. , died of cold illness at the age of thirty-one. Nalan Rongruo wrote twenty volumes of "Collected Works of Tongzhitang", but his greatest achievement was in his words. His lyrics are fresh and beautiful, with a unique sense of true feelings and sharpness, and go straight to his heart. After the publication of the engraving during his lifetime, it created a sensational effect of "every family competing to sing". After his death, Nalan was known as "the first poet in the Manchu Qing Dynasty" and "the first scholar". Qing poets and scholars spoke highly of him. Wang Guowei praised him and said, "Observe things with the eyes of nature, and see things with the eyes of nature." Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there has only been one person." By the time of the Republic of China, Nalan was still a well-known example of a talented person who died young. This is evidence: Mr. Zhang Henshui's "Chunming Foreign History" wrote about a talented man who died at the age of thirty. His friend lamented: "When I saw the poems I usually wrote, I thought he was the same as Nalan Rongruo." Same, it can’t last forever..." As for Nalan Rongruo’s poems, whether they are about love or friendship, none of them criticize the superstructure, and none of them care about the working people. Even his poems describing the scenery of the frontier fortress , also because it is shrouded in the melancholy of homesickness and nostalgia, it cannot fit into the trap of "praising the great rivers and mountains of the motherland". Therefore, when commenting on Nalan's poems, every contemporary anthology has to say something about "the content is thin and narrow" and "the ideological realm". "Not high" and so on; in the books compiled by contemporary people, Nalan and Nalan's poems have become the lace of literary history and a dispensable touch. Nalan Xingde in the twelfth year of the eleventh year of Shunzhi She was born in Beijing on January 12, 1655. Her father was the most influential prime minister during the Kangxi period, and her mother was the fifth daughter of Prince Azige, a first-class imperial concubine. —The Nalan clan, belonging to the Zhenghuang Banner, was one of the eight most prominent surnames of the Manchus in the early Qing Dynasty, and was later known as the "Yehenala clan". Nalan Xingde's great-grandfather was named Jintaishi, and was Yehebeile. , his sister Meng Gu married Nurhachi as his concubine in the 16th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, and gave birth to the prince Huang Taiji. Later, the relationship between the Nalan family and the royal family was also very close. Therefore, it can be said that Nalan Xingde was destined to be born. Coming into a family of an emperor and a nobleman, his life was destined to be rich and prosperous, full of flowers and brocades. However, perhaps it was fate, but Nalan Xingde was like "Although he is prosperous and prosperous, he is not content with too much." There is no beauty in the world, if you are concerned about wealth and honor, you can be content with poverty and lowliness. Living in a high gate and a wide mansion, I often think of mountains and rivers, fish and birds."

Nalan Xingde was born in the twelfth lunar month and was called Donglang when he was a child. He was talented since childhood and had a photographic memory of reading. He learned riding and shooting when he was only a few years old. At the age of 17, he entered the Imperial College to study. He was appreciated by Xu Wenyuan, who offered wine to the Imperial College and was recommended to his brother's cabinet. Bachelor's degree, Xu Qianxue, Minister of Rites. Nalan Xingde took part in the Shuntian Prefecture Township Examination at the age of 18 and passed the examination. At the age of 19, he was preparing to take part in the General Examination, but was unable to take part in the Palace Examination due to illness. In the following years, he studied more diligently and worshiped Xu Qianxue as his teacher. Under the guidance of famous teachers, he presided over the compilation of a 1792-volume compilation of Confucianism - "Tongzhitang Jingjie" in two years, which was appreciated by the emperor and laid the foundation for future development. He also compiled what he saw and heard in the process of reading classics and history and the records of his classmates. It took him three or four years to compile a four-volume collection "Lushui Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge", which included history, geography, astronomy, calendar, Buddhism, and music. , literature, textual research and other aspects of knowledge. It shows his extensive knowledge base and various interests and hobbies. When Nalanxingde was 22 years old, he took the Jinshi examination again and ranked seventh in the second class with excellent results. Emperor Kangxi granted him the official position of third-class bodyguard, and later he was promoted to second-class, and then to first-class. As the imperial guard beside the emperor, he participated in romantic and elegant poetry as a handsome and mighty military attache. He accompanied the emperor on hunting tours in the south and north, traveled far and wide, and was ordered to participate in important strategic reconnaissance. He sang poems with the emperor and translated and translated works. Because of his holy will, he was rewarded many times. He was an enviable young talent with both civil and military skills and was the emperor's most valued companion. Close ministers, dignitaries with a bright future. But as a prodigy in poetry and art, deep down he was tired of the vulgar officialdom and the life of a servant, and had no interest in fame or fortune. Although "I am in a high gate and a wide mansion, I often think about the mountains and rivers, fish and birds." His poems and prose are all excellent, especially his lyrics, and he is world-famous. When he was 24 years old, he compiled and selected his own lyrics into a collection called "Side Hat Collection", which was later renamed "Drinking Water Collection". Later, someone added and filled in the gaps in the two collections of lyrics, with a total of 342 poems. It is called "Nalan Ci". The handed down "Nalan Ci" enjoyed a high reputation in society at that time and was highly praised by literati and bachelors. It became an outstanding representative of the Ci community of that era. In terms of making friends, the most outstanding characteristic of Nalan Xingde is that the people he makes friends with are "all handsome and different for a while, and what is called in the world difficult to get along with." Most of these people who are unwilling to be popular are commoner literati of the Han nationality in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Gu Zhenguan , Yan Shengsun, Zhu Yizun, Chen Weisong, Jiang Chenying, etc. Nalan Xingde was extremely sincere to his friends. He was not only generous with his wealth, but also respected their character and talents. Just like Lord Pingyuan who had three thousand guests, many celebrities and talented people surrounded him at that time, making his residence in Lushui Pavilion (now Song Qingling) The former residence Neen Bo Pavilion is famous for the elegant gatherings of literati and poets, and objectively it also promoted the cultural prosperity of Kangxi and Qianlong. The reason is that to a certain extent, Nalan Xingde was able to learn the knowledge of Han culture that he admired from Han intellectuals, and more importantly, he had lofty ideals and noble personality that were different from those of ordinary playboys of Manchu nobles. This obviously made his actions deviate from the mainstream of society, thus becoming a focus of research for later generations. In 1674, when Nalan Xingde was twenty years old, he married the daughter of Lu Xingzu, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and was given the title of Shuren. At that time, Mr. Lu was eighteen years old. He was "born to be graceful and dignified in nature". After getting married, the two became loving and affectionate, and their happy newlywed life inspired his poetry creation. But just three years later, Lu died of postpartum cold, which caused great pain to Nalan Xingde. From then on, "there were many mourning songs, and the hatred of close friends was particularly deep." The heavy mental blow caused him to repeatedly reveal the sadness and sadness of missing lovesickness and the feeling of longing for loss in his subsequent mourning poems. Nalan Xingde later married the Guan family and had a side wife, the Yan family. It is worth mentioning that when Nalan Xingde was thirty years old, with the help of his friend Gu Zhenguan, he met Shen Wan, a talented girl from Jiangnan. Shen Wan, whose courtesy name is Yuchan, was born in Wucheng, Zhejiang Province. He is the author of "Selecting Dream Ci". The work focused on commemorating the death of the deceased is "The God is rich but the husband is not diminished". It was a pity that Nalan Xingde passed away after she had been with Nalan Xingde for a year, and this short love ended in tragedy. As a romantic and talented man of the generation, Nalan Xingde's love life has been talked about by future generations. There are also various rumors in the market. The most widely rumored is that his cousin entered the palace, but in the end it cannot be verified. The poet's uninhibited character, his natural talent for transcendence, his outstanding talent, and the ease with which he takes his fame easily form a kind of relationship with him, who was born into a wealthy family, where he lived in a wealthy family, entered the imperial palace, had a golden staircase and a jade palace, and had a smooth career as an official. Conflicting feelings and invisible psychological depression that are difficult for ordinary people to understand. In addition, the early death of his beloved wife, the difficulty in fulfilling his old dreams, and the gathering and separation of his literary friends made him unable to get rid of the confusion and pessimism deep in his heart.

His boredom with his career, his contempt for wealth, and his disdain for officialdom made him careless about all the things outside his body that could be easily obtained, but he could not pursue long-lasting love and the natural harmonious state of heart and environment. But lingering and yearning. In the late spring of the 24th year of Kangxi's reign, he fell ill and got together with his friends. He got drunk and chanted and sighed three times. Then he fell ill and died seven days later on May 30th. Although Nalan Xingde only lived for a short period of thirty-one years, he was one of the most famous poets in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, when the poetry world was undergoing a resurgence, he stood side by side with Chen Weisong, the representative of the Yangxian School, and Zhu Yizun, the leader of the Western Zhejiang School, and were known as the "Three Great Masters of Qing Ci". However, the difference is that Nalan Xingde was a Manchu nobleman who had recently entered the customs. It is amazing that he could master and use Han culture so profoundly. There are currently 348 poems by Nalan Xingde (one theory is 342), covering aspects such as love and friendship, frontier fortresses in the south of the Yangtze River, chanting about things and history, and miscellaneous feelings. Although he has a small number of lyrics as an author, and his vision is not very broad, because the poems are charming and emotional, and Nalan Xingde is a very sincere person, his lyrics are all excellent. , which was highly praised at that time and later generations. Wang Guowei, a famous scholar in modern times, gave him high praise: "Nalan Rongruo sees things with natural eyes and expresses emotions with natural tongue. This is because he first entered the Central Plains and was not infected with the customs of the Han people, so he can really do this. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there has only been one person. ." Kuang Zhou Yi also praised him as "the first lyricist in the early days of the Republic of China" in "Huifeng Cihua". Nalan Xingde's Ci works were successively collected into "Side Hat" and "Drinking Water", and later generations often called them Nalan Ci. Looking at Nalan Xingde's poetry style, it is fresh, meaningful, and sad, which is quite close to that of the later masters of the Southern Tang Dynasty. He himself also admired Li Yu very much. He once said: "Huajian's poems are like ancient jade, precious but not applicable; Song poems are applicable but less precious. Li Yu's poems have their beauty in both, and they are even more confusing."