What is IP?
——IP is a popular technology at present. A number of new terms related to this, such as IP network, IP switching, IP telephony, IP fax, etc., have also appeared one after another. So, what is IP?
——IP is the abbreviation of English Internet
Protocol, which means "protocol for interconnection between networks", which is a protocol designed for computer networks to connect and communicate with each other. In the Internet, it is a set of rules that enable all computer networks connected to the Internet to communicate with each other. It stipulates the rules that computers should abide by when communicating on the Internet. Computer systems produced by any manufacturer can interconnect with the Internet as long as they comply with the IP protocol. It is precisely because of the IP protocol that the Internet has rapidly developed into the world's largest and open computer communication network. Therefore, the IP protocol can also be called "Internet Protocol".
——How does IP realize network interconnection? Network systems and equipment produced by various manufacturers, such as Ethernet, packet switching network, etc., cannot interoperate with each other. The main reason why they cannot interoperate is because of the basic unit of data they transmit (technically called "frame"). The format is different. The IP protocol is actually a set of protocol software composed of software programs. It uniformly converts various "frames" into "IP datagram" format. This conversion is one of the most important features of the Internet, enabling all kinds of computers to All can achieve interoperability on the Internet, that is, they have the characteristics of "openness".
——So, what is a "datagram"? What are its characteristics? Datagrams are also a form of packet switching, which means that the transmitted data is segmented into "packets" and then sent out. However, unlike traditional "connection-type" packet switching, it is "connectionless". Each "packet" (group) is sent out as an "independent message", so it is called "data". "Report". In this way, there is no need to connect a circuit before starting communication, and each datagram is not necessarily transmitted through the same path, so it is called "connectionless". This feature is very important as it greatly improves the robustness and security of the network.
——Each datagram has two parts: header and message. The header contains necessary content such as the destination address, so that each datagram can accurately reach the destination without going through the same path. . Reassemble and restore the originally sent data at the destination. This requires IP to have the functions of packet packaging and collection assembly.
——During the actual transmission process, the datagram must also be able to change the length of the datagram according to the packet size specified by the network it passes through. The maximum length of the IP datagram can reach 65535 bytes.
——There is another very important content in the IP protocol, which is that every computer and other device on the Internet is assigned a unique address, called an "IP address". Because of this unique address, it is ensured that users can efficiently and conveniently select the objects they need from thousands of computers when operating on connected computers.
——Now the telecommunications network is integrating with the IP network. New technologies based on IP are popular technologies. For example, the technology of using IP network to transmit voice (VoIP) is very popular. Others such as IP
over
ATM, IPover
SDH, IP
over
WDM, etc., are all IP Technology research focus.
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