1. "Journey to the West"

1. Background of the masterpiece: The author Wu Cheng'en, also known as Ruzhong, also known as Sheyang Jushi, was a famous novelist in the Ming Dynasty. "Journey to the West" was written in the Ming Dynasty and was listed as one of the four great wonders of the Ming Dynasty. It is still one of the four classical masterpieces in my country.

2. Central idea: This book only describes the stories of Sun Wukong causing trouble in the Heavenly Palace, the birth of Monk Tang, and the four masters and apprentices going to the West to learn Buddhist scriptures. It praises the four masters and apprentices, led by Sun Wukong, for their fearlessness and perseverance. valuable spirit.

3. Writing characteristics: 1. This novel is good at telling stories and is highly readable.

2. It is good at shaping the image of the mission. The characters it creates such as Sun Wukong and Zhu Bajie are unforgettable.

3. The whole book is full of wild imagination and bold and strange exaggerations.

4. Character:

Sun Wukong: Unruly, daring, brave and witty, clear about love and hate, hate and hate as much as enemies, upright and selfless, chivalrous, fearless, dare Fight against oppression.

Zhu Bajie: On the one hand, he is lazy, short-sighted, fond of gossiping, playing tricks, talking, taking advantage, and lusting after women; on the other hand, he is loyal, courageous, kind, brave in fighting, and able to correct his mistakes when he recognizes them. , honest and honest.

Sha Seng: Loyal and sincere, hard-working and uncomplaining.

Tang Monk: Believe in Buddhism, strictly abide by the precepts, have clear goals, firm stance, and a courageous spirit that is indestructible; but sometimes there is no distinction between good and bad, good or bad.

Skin monkey? Silly pig? Strict teacher? Loyal monk - An analysis of the character of Tang Monk and his disciples in "Journey to the West"

Representative stories: Havoc in the Heavenly Palace, Three Beatings of Bone Demons, Outsmarting Red Boy, San borrowed the banana fan.

5. Reading experience: It is never easy to accomplish any big thing. If you want to succeed, you must put in hard work and dedication. People must go through hardships to ultimately achieve happiness and success.

3. "Biography of Celebrities"

1. Background of the famous book: The author Romain Rolland is a famous French writer in the first half of the 20th century. In 1915, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his novel "Johan Christophe" and was a world-famous anti-war activist. "Celebrity Biography" is the general name of "Beethoven Biography", "Michelangelo Biography" and "Tolstoy Biography".

2. Central idea: This book describes the suffering and troubled lives of Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy, and praises their noble character and tenacious fighting spirit. (They faced the misfortune of family life and social rejection and carried out an unyielding struggle. Real suffering made them face life, and the struggle against suffering created their greatness.)

3. Character image And corresponding typical plots and character traits:

Beethoven (1770-1827), one of the greatest composers in human history, had outstanding musical talent, fiery rebellious temperament and giant-like strength. character.

Character: Unruly, ordinary and eccentric, unfortunate and lonely, constantly striving for self-improvement, the great god of music, the image of a persevering giant.

Beethoven's story mainly focuses on "grabbing the throat of fate". Beethoven used his will and an irresistible force to sweep away melancholy thoughts and overcome the dual physical and mental torture.

Michelangelo (1475-1564), an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet during the High Renaissance. The major works include "Bacchus", "Lamentation of Christ", "David", "Moses", "The Bound Slave", "The Dying Slave" and "The Last Judgment". His artistic creations reflected the patriotism and the spirit of struggle for freedom among the citizens at that time. They represented the pinnacle of Renaissance art and are precious heritage in the treasure house of human culture.

Character: Kind, philanthropic, kind, lonely, suspicious, cowardly, perseverant, practical, his family is rich but he is poor, he succumbs to the power of the Pope.

The story of Michelangelo is a tragedy, showing a genius who shed painful blood in order to conquer the world and create an immortal masterpiece. The content is mainly divided into the first part "Fighting", the second part "Abandonment" and the last part "Death".

Tolstoy (1928-1910) was a famous Russian writer, reformer and moral thinker in the 19th century. His main works include "Anna Karenina", "War and Peace" and "Resurrection".

Character: philanthropic, keen, self-improvement, with devout religious views.

The main contents of Tolstoy’s stories are: childhood, Chronicles of the Caucasus, Cossacks, Chronicles of Sebastoburg, love and marriage, melancholy about society, etc. It is the longest of the three stories. It is also the most detailed description of the life of the main character and the things he created.

4. Writing features: A large number of quotations are used to capture the main character traits of the protagonist, making them the soul that governs the entire article and generating a moving force. It uses multiple aspects to express the physical and mental sufferings suffered by the protagonists, their unremitting struggle against infinite suffering, and the passion for life that broke out in the struggle.

The celebrities in "Celebrity Biography" are all world-class art masters. Their lives were rich and colorful, their works profound and profound, and their influence endures through the ages. The author firmly grasps the similarities between these three artists in their respective fields, focuses on depicting their long-term suffering in pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty, and writes about their noble struggle against fate with touching pen and ink. Courage and the great feeling of bearing the suffering of all mankind.

5. Reading experience: 1. Life will inevitably encounter hardships, and life is not full of flowers and joy.

2. To achieve success, you must overcome various difficulties in real life.

3. To evaluate people, we must look at their quality and value, rather than judging people by their appearance or generalizing.

5. "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk"

1. Background of the famous book: The author Lu Xun, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, with the courtesy name Hencai, is a great modern Chinese writer, thinker and poet. revolutionary. His major works include "The Scream", "Wandering", "Weeds", and "Picking Up Flowers in the Morning and Evening". "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk" is a collection of Lu Xun's reminiscence essays written in 1926, with ten articles in total. The first five articles were written in Beijing, and the last five articles were written in Xiamen. Initially, it was published in the bimonthly magazine "Wangyuan" under the general title of "Revisiting Old Events".

2. Main content: "Picking Up Flowers in the Morning and Evening" is Mr. Lu Xun's recollection of different life experiences and experiences in his childhood and youth. It vividly shows the customs and social conditions of China at that time.

3. Stories and Thoughts:

"Dogs, Cats and Mouse" was triggered by an attack on "gentlemen", mocking the "rumors" they spread, and expressing the "love of cats" Hatred of torturing the weak, "squealing everywhere", and sometimes being "obsequious"; recalling the experience and feelings of the destruction of a cute hidden rat rescued in childhood, showing sympathy for the weak and cruelty the hatred of the person.

"Ah Chang and the Classic of Mountains and Seas" recalls the scenes of getting along with the nanny Chang Mama when he was a child, and describes the character of the elder mother who is kind, simple, superstitious, nagging, and "full of troublesome etiquette" ; I am full of respect and gratitude for her purchase and gift of the painting "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" that I have longed for. The article uses affectionate language to express the sincere memory of this working woman.

"Twenty-Four Pictures of Filial Piety" starts from the children's books of the time, recalls the feelings of reading "Twenty-Four Pictures of Filial Piety" as a child, and reveals the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety. The work focuses on the analysis of filial piety stories such as "Lying on the Ice Seeking Carp", "Lao Lai Entertaining His Relatives", "Guo Ju Burying His Children", etc., and denounces this kind of feudal filial piety that ignores the lives of children, treats "sickness as fun", and "uses ruthless For the sake of ethics, he slandered the ancients and ruined the teachings of future generations." The work sharply criticized the tendency at that time to oppose the vernacular and advocate retrospection.

"Five Ramps Meeting" describes the eagerness and excitement of childhood to watch the God-welcoming Games, and the disappointing and painful feeling of being forced by his father to recite "Jianlue".

Point out that forced feudal education suppresses and destroys children's nature.

"Impermanence" describes the image of "Impermanence" that I saw in my childhood at rural god receptions and on the drama stage, explaining that "Impermanence" is a "ghost but human, reason and emotion", straightforward and fair image He is loved by the people because there is no justice in the world, evil people will not get evil retribution, and "the fair judgment is in the underworld." The article combines narrative and discussion with a bitter mockery of "gentlemen" who use the banner of "justice" and "justice".

"From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" describes the fun that children had in the Baicao Garden at home and the boring life of studying in Sanwei Bookstore, revealing children's broad life interests and the feudal book school education that restricts children's nature. The sharp contradiction expresses the reasonable demand that children should be allowed to grow up healthily and lively.

"Father's Illness" recalls the scene of treating his father's illness when he was a child. It describes the medical attitudes, styles, prescriptions and other manifestations of several "famous doctors", revealing that these people do not distinguish between witch doctors and witch doctors. , the essence of making false claims, extorting money, and looking down on human life.

The above seven works describe fragments of Lu Xun’s life in his hometown during his childhood, showing the human conditions and social scene at that time. They are valuable chapters for understanding the young Lu Xun. The following three works, "Miscellaneous Notes", "Mr. Fujino" and "Fan Ainong", describe Lu Xun's experience after leaving his hometown to study in Nanjing and Japan and returning to China, leaving behind heavy footprints for the young Lu Xun in his pursuit of truth. .

"Miscellaneous Notes" recalls how Lu Xun went to Nanjing to study in order to find "people of another kind". The work describes the various shortcomings and difficulties in seeking knowledge at the Jiangnan Naval School (later renamed Thunder and Lightning School) and the Mining and Railway School at that time, and criticizes the "smoky atmosphere" of the Westernization school. The author describes his excitement when he first came into contact with the theory of evolution and how he eagerly read "The Theory of Evolution" despite the objections of his elders, showing his strong desire to explore the truth.

"Mr. Fujino" records the author's study and life while studying in Japan, describing how he was discriminated against and insulted by Japanese students at Sendai Medical College and decided to abandon medicine and pursue literature. The author prominently describes the Japanese teacher Mr. Fujino’s rigorous, upright, enthusiastic, and noble character without national prejudice, saying, “His character is great in my eyes and heart, although his name is not known to many people. ". Expressing deep remembrance of Mr. Fujino.

"Fan Ainong" narrates several life fragments of the author's contact with Fan Ainong when he was studying in Japan and after returning to China. It describes Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the dark society and pursuit of revolution before the revolution, and his subsequent persecution after the Revolution of 1911. The encounter shows the disappointment of the old democratic revolution and the sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. First of all, some of the prose show the distinct characteristics of narrative and discussion. This type of prose includes "Dogs, Cats, and Rats", "Twenty-Four Pictures of Filial Piety", "Impermanence", "Father's Illness", "Miscellaneous Notes", etc. Due to the use of narrative and discussion techniques, most of these articles show obvious characteristics of social criticism and cultural reflection.

2. Be good at grasping the most typical characteristics of events and characters, using the small to see the big, and using partial generalizations to show the connotation of the event, express the personality characteristics of the characters, and outline the The basic appearance and form of characters and events can leave a very deep impression on readers.

6. "Water Margin"

1. Background of the masterpiece: The author Shi Naian's original name is Yanrui, courtesy name Zhaorui, Hao Zian, alias Naian, his ancestral home is Suzhou, Yuan Dynasty A famous novelist in the late Ming Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. This book was written in the Ming Dynasty.

2. Main content: "Water Margin" is my country's first chapter-length novel praising the peasant uprising. It vividly describes the entire process of the Liangshan heroes from uprising to prosperity to final failure, especially the By writing about the different life experiences and resistance paths of many reckless heroes, it clearly expresses the theme of "officials forcing the people to rebel", and is a heroic legend of resisting feudal tyranny.

3. Character images and corresponding typical plots and character traits:

Lu Zhishen (Flower Monk): punches to suppress Guanxi, uproots weeping willows, causes havoc in the wild boar forest, hates evil as much as hatred, Chivalrous and courageous, coarse and fine, brave and resourceful, open-minded and sensible.

Wu Song (Walker): Bloody Blade Pan Jinlian, Fighting to Kill Ximen Qing, Drunk Beating of Jiang Menshen, Making a Trouble in Feiyunpu, Splattering Blood on Yuanyang Tower, Eliminating Evil in Centipede Ridge, advocating loyalty, bravery and strategy, He is the most bloody and legendary figure among the lower-class heroes.

Wu Yong (Zhi Duo Xing): Outwit the birth chart, resourceful and clever.

Lin Chong (Leopard Head): Breaking into the White Tiger Hall, Fengxue Mountain Temple, Burning the Forage Farm, and Going to Liangshan on a Snowy Night. He is highly skilled in martial arts, brave and resourceful, but he is a law-abiding and well-behaved person, so he was forced to go to Liangshan.

Li Kui (Black Tornado): True and false Li Kui, robbed of the law in Zhongzhou, hates evil as much as hatred, chivalrous and courageous, hot-tempered, simple-minded, straightforward and straightforward.

Song Jiang (Timely Rain): Released Chao Gai privately, killed Yan Poxi in anger, and attacked Zhujiazhuang three times. He was a man of justice and good at employing people, but he always wanted to recruit people.

Yang Zhi (green-faced beast): Yang Zhi sells knives and outsmarts birth dates. He is smart, capable, and rough.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. The characters are vivid, vivid and lifelike.

2. This book adopts a chain structure that is divided first and then combined, so that the plots of the novel are interlocking, with numerous clues and clear clues.

3. In terms of language, the novel uses ancient vernacular, so the language descriptions in this book are vivid and vivid.

7. "Camel Xiangzi"

1. Background of the masterpiece: The author Lao She, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, Yu Sheyu, Manchu, is a famous modern Chinese writer, novelist, and "people's artist". ". "Camel Xiangzi" is a full-length novel.

2. Main content: This book tells the story of Xiangzi, an ordinary rickshaw driver who went through three ups and downs in order to realize his dream of owning his own car. He eventually lost confidence in life and gave up on himself. A story of decadence and downfall.

3. Character images and corresponding typical plots and character traits:

Xiangzi: After coming to Beijing from the countryside, he chose to drive a rickshaw. He worked hard to realize his biggest dream - owning a car of his own, but after three attempts, his hopes were dashed again and again, and his fight against fate ultimately ended in failure.

Character: honest, strong, persevering, self-respecting, strong-willed, hard-working; numb, down and out, cunning, taking advantage, eating, drinking, whoring and gambling, giving up on oneself.

Huniu: manages the workers of the car factory, boldly pursues Xiangzi, bold and aggressive but a bit perverted.

Liu Si: cruel and domineering

4. Writing characteristics: 1. Through Xiangzi’s changes, he ruthlessly criticized this dark society.

2. The novel shows us a shocking picture of characters and the world with a strong flavor of old Beijing.

3. He is good at using various techniques to shape characters and has strong artistic appeal.

4. Creatively use the spoken language of Beijing citizens to make the popular and simple language vivid, fresh, lively and powerful, full of national style and local characteristics.

5. Reading experience: What kind of society creates what kind of people? In a turbid and dark society, it is very important to have a noble heart. Even if a person has a dream that makes him work hard, it will not work without a firm belief. He will eventually become a member of the scum in society.

8. "Gulliver's Travels"

1. Background of the famous book: The author Jonathan Swift was the best British satirist and political commentator in the early 18th century.

2. Main content: This book tells the story of the British ship doctor Gulliver's experience of being exiled to Lilliput, Adult, Flying Island, Horse (Hyhnhnms) and other places due to shipwreck and other reasons.

3. Main plots and corresponding meanings:

A. Describes the partisanship in Lilliput in the Lilliputian country. The camps are divided by the height of heels, "high-heeled party" and "high-heeled party" The "low-following party" engages in intrigues and fights for power. In fact, it is a mockery of the two competing political parties in the UK. The story about the Lilliput country's war with its neighboring countries is an allusion to the years of war between Britain and France at that time.

B. In the country of Great Britain, Gulliver's complacent introduction attracted questions. The country of Great Britain has a primitive system and simple folk customs. They believe that the history of Britain in the past hundred years is full of "greed, party disputes, hypocrisy, and shamelessness." Faith, cruelty, anger, madness, resentment, jealousy, lust, insidiousness and ambition” and their consequences.

C. The third volume of the novel expresses doubts about modern technology through the description of the five countries including the Flying Island Kingdom, and sternly denounces colonial rule.

D. The fourth volume uses an unbridled style to show the grotesque phenomenon of humans and animals being reversed. In this utopian country, the horse is the carrier of reason, while the humanoid animal "Yahoo" is an evil and dirty beast. The dialogue between Gulliver and Houyhnhnms becomes a merciless whiplash against "human" society.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. The novel is full of strange imagination and fairy tale color.

2. Pungent, sharp and profound irony is the soul of the novel.

3. The satire of the novel contains some pessimistic views on human nature and human society, but behind the harsh and pessimistic attitude, there is a bitter and eager feeling of worldliness hidden.

4. The author of the novel uses travel notes and the eyes of outsiders to evaluate the current situation of his country.

9. "Robinson Crusoe"

1. Literary background: The author Defoe is a famous British writer.

2. Main content: This book mainly tells the story of Robinson Crusoe, who was born in a businessman family and ventured out to sea. He was thrown by the waves to an uninhabited island, where he spent 28 years of loneliness. A vivid story of time.

3. Characters and corresponding typical plots and character traits:

Robinson: Built his own house, tried hunting, planting millet, domesticating goats, and drying raisins in the wild. He fumbled around making tables, chairs, pottery, sifting dough with scarves to make bread, and rescued and trained a savage "Friday", making him his loyal slave. In this way, he established his own material and spiritual "kingdom" on the desert island.

Character: Dare to take risks and pursue a free and unrestrained life. Facing difficulties in life, Robinson's actions show the perseverance and heroic nature of a tough guy, embodying the rise of the bourgeoisie. The creative spirit and pioneering spirit of the period.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. The story is wonderful and bizarre.

2. The novel shows Robinson's character of taking risks and pursuing a free and unrestrained life.

3. The novel's description of Robinson Crusoe's life on the desert island is realistic and natural, showing the author's extraordinary imagination and artistic expression.

4. The novel adopts the first-person narrative method throughout, and the plot is completely connected through the confessions of the characters.

5. The language of the novel is clear, simple and vivid.

5. Reading experience: When facing difficulties and sufferings, as long as a person has a firm belief, an optimistic heart, and a calm mind, he can survive the suffering.

10. "Stars? Spring Water"

1. Background of the famous book: The author Bing Xin, formerly known as Xie Wanying, was born in Changle, Fujian. Her main works include "Stars", "Spring Water", "Send a Little Girl" reader".

"Stars" is a collection of poems, consisting of 164 short poems. Bing Xin believed in the "philosophy of love" throughout her life. She believed that "with love, there is everything." In "Stars", she constantly sang hymns of love.

"Spring Water" is the companion volume to "Stars" and consists of 182 short poems. It was also first published in the "Morning News", and "Spring Water" came out three months later than "Stars".

2. Main content: "Spring Water with Stars" was written by Bing Xin in India under the influence of Rabindranath Tagore's "Birds". It roughly includes three aspects of content: one is the praise of maternal love and innocence; The second is the worship and praise of nature, and the third is thinking and understanding of life.

3. Writing characteristics:

In "Stars", she constantly sang hymns of love. What she is most passionate about praising is maternal love. In addition to loving her parents, Bing Xin also values ??brotherhood. She loved her three younger brothers.

Bing Xin praises maternal love, human love, and childlike innocence. She also praises nature, especially the sea that she was familiar with in her childhood. Praising nature, praising childlike innocence, and praising maternal love have become the eternal themes of Bing Xin's life-long creation.

In "Spring Water", although Bing Xin is still praising maternal love, praising family affection, praising childlike innocence, and praising nature, she uses more space to implicitly express herself and her The troubles and anguish of a generation of young intellectuals. She uses a gentle and slightly sad writing style to describe her inner feelings. At the same time, she is exploring the meaning of life and expressing her desire to understand the true nature of the world.

11. "How Steel Was Tempered"

1. Background of the famous book: The author Ostrovsky is a famous writer in the former Soviet Union.

2. Main content: This book uses the life experience of the protagonist Paul Korchagin as a clue to show the broad historical picture of Soviet Russia from 1915 to 1930 and the arduous struggle life of the people. .

3. Characters and corresponding typical plots and character traits:

Paul Korchagin: worked as a child laborer and suffered torture and humiliation at the lowest level of society since he was a child. Later, under the influence of Zhu Helai, he gradually embarked on the road of revolution. Since then, he has experienced a series of life challenges, making himself stronger and stronger. Even when injuries ruthlessly took away his health and forced him to lie in bed, he still did not give in to fate. Instead, he wrote with tenacious perseverance and fulfilled his life oath in another way. The spirit of dedication to ideals, the iron will and the noble quality of tenacious struggle.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. This is a novel that shines with lofty idealism.

2. Successfully created the image of Paul Korchakin, a proletarian hero.

3. The novel mainly focuses on narrative and description of characters, and also intersperses inner monologues, letters and diaries, aphorisms, etc. to make the characters flesh and blood.

4. The novel’s scenery description, psychological description, and environmental description are also quite excellent. The language is concise, beautiful, and expressive.

12. "Childhood"

1. Background of the masterpiece: The author is Gorky, a famous writer in the former Soviet Union.

2. Main content: This book vividly reproduces the living conditions of the lower-class working people in Russia in the 1870s and 1980s by telling Alyosha's childhood life from the age of three to ten.

3. Characters and corresponding typical plots and character traits:

Alyosha: Listening to his grandmother telling stories, as well as the optimistic and simple little gypsy and the upright old worker Gerry Gorey and the "good things" of intellectuals dedicated to science all gave Alyosha strength and help, allowing him to maintain the courage and confidence to live in a dark and dirty environment, and gradually grew into a strong, brave man. , upright and loving people.

Grandma: Like a bright light, she illuminated Alyosha’s sensitive and lonely heart. She often told him folk stories that sympathized with the poor and weak, and praised justice and light. Kind, kind, smart and capable, loving life, broad-minded, and good at tolerance.

Grandfather: He often beat his grandmother and children severely. For example, Alexey was beaten unconscious because he stained a piece of cloth. He ruthlessly exploited workers, secretly engaged in loan sharking, and encouraged helpers to steal things. Stingy, greedy, tyrannical, cruel.

4. Writing characteristics: It makes people feel sad but not too heavy when reading. It allows people to see light in darkness, kindness in evil, and the light of humanity in ruthlessness. In the tragic atmosphere, I feel the great power of people to overcome tragic fate