Elements of Unit 1 and Unit 2
1, visiting friends in the mountains
1. The author of Visiting Friends in the Mountains (Li Hanrong).
2. After-class exercises:
(1) Why is the title of the text "Visiting friends in the mountains"?
The "friends" I visited turned out to be friends of ancient bridges, birds, dew, trees, mountain springs, streams, waterfalls, cliffs, white clouds, larks, fallen flowers and leaves.
The theme of the text is "visiting friends in the mountains", which is the embodiment of the main content of the article. The author uses anthropomorphic methods to call everything in nature friends, which can stimulate readers' interest in reading.
Ah, old bridge, have you stood on this stream for hundreds of years like a respected old man?
The author compares "Old Bridge" to "a venerable old man", which not only describes the ancient bridge, but also highlights its obscure quality of serving the public, and fully expresses the author's praise and admiration for the bridge.
Walking into this forest, the birds called my name, and the dew exchanged eyes with me.
The personification vividly expresses the tacit understanding and friendship between the author and two friends, Bird and Lu.
3. Caochong Village
1. The author of Grass Worm Village is (Guo Feng).
2. After-class exercises:
(1) Think about what you saw in Grass Worm Village from the author's point of view. What impressed you the most?
Together with the author, we saw the streets and lanes, "villagers" coming and going, colorful worms, giant lizards, beetle musicians, "villagers" carrying food, meteorological observers and construction engineers in Caochong Village.
3. This is an essay with distinctive expression. The author gives full play to his imagination and uses rhetorical devices (personification and metaphor) to vividly show everyone a world of Cao Meng.
(1) Rich imagination. The author saw a bug crawling alone in the grass and imagined it as a "ranger"; See colorful small roundworms and imagine them (as "southern girls"); See beetles flapping their wings and imagine them (as "musicians"); Seeing beetles walking with food, imagining them (returning from afar as "laborers") ... The rich imagination endows the little beetle with the characteristics of courage, diligence and wisdom, and makes the beautiful little beetle deeply imprinted in the readers' hearts.
(2) Rhetoric of personification and metaphor. The village was originally a place where people lived together, but in the text, the author gave grasshoppers a way of life. In fact, the grass insect village is just a cave where grass insects live, but in the author's eyes, it is no different from the world in which human beings live. There are (streets, all kinds of people). They not only have a rich emotional world, but also have elegant artistic pursuits. They will not only enjoy life, but also create it.
4. The overall structure of the article and the contents of each part: (omitted)
5. Zhan Tianyou
1, main content and center
2. This paper describes the process of building Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway in Zhan Tianyou from three aspects: (line survey), (tunnel excavation) and (herringbone line design).
3.( 1) It can be seen from the description in this paper that Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer.
Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer. For example, in the face of obstruction and ridicule from some imperialist countries, Zhan Tianyou resolutely accepted the task; Two tunnels, Juyongguan and Badaling, were creatively dug, and the herringbone line was designed: the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed two years ahead of schedule. He responded forcefully to the imperialists who despised China, and so on, all of which reflected Zhan Tianyou's patriotic spirit and outstanding talent.
4. Read the text silently and know what different methods Zhan Tianyou used to dig Juyongguan and Badaling tunnels.
6. Miss your mother
1. The author of "Remembering Mother" is (Ji Xianlin). Understanding of the theme and the author's emotion: This paper introduces the author's "same lofty respect and the same sincere love" for two mothers (one is his biological mother and the other is his motherland) in the form of (memories), which fully expresses (the author's eternal regret for his biological mother and his unchanging love for the motherland).
My mother, this is the first time I left her. I don't know why, as a mother, I often dream. What do you mean by "falling asleep often"? Do you know the reason why our mother often dreams? )
"Dreaming often" means that the motherland often dreams. The author is far away from his native land and lives in a foreign country, just like a child who leaves his mother's arms and misses him infinitely. Especially when the author left the motherland for the first time, the figure of the motherland kept emerging in his mind, thinking about it day and night, so the "mother of the motherland" kept emerging in his dreams.
However, this kind of desolation is not the same as ordinary desolation. It is very sweet, very thick, and has an unspeakable taste, which is deeply stuck in my heart. Why do I feel sad but sweet when I think of my hometown and old friends? )
Through comparison, the author fully expressed his nostalgia for the motherland. Because the author is in a foreign land, he has sorrow and thoughts in his heart; However, when I keep thinking about my relatives and friends in my hometown and feel that they are everywhere, my heart is naturally a little more comforting, relieved and sweet. They are so firmly imprinted in my memory that they accompany the author when he is lonely. Therefore, when the author thinks of his hometown and old friends, although he feels sad, it is sweet.
I looked at the gray sky with tears in my eyes and imagined my mother's face. What do you imagine your mother's face is like? )
In the author's imagination, the mother has a kind face, always smiling on her vicissitudes of life, and her eyes are full of love for her son. Expressed the author's deep thoughts about his mother.
The main points of Unit 3 and Unit 4
9. The poor
1, the main content: The article tells the story that Sang Na and the fisherman took the initiative to adopt the two children of the late neighbor Simon on a cold night.
2. Central idea: Praise the excellent qualities of sauna and fisherman who would rather endure hardships than help others.
3. Writer's Works: This is a famous (Russian) writer (Lev? Tolstoy wrote a (short) novel, the main works are Childhood, War and Peace, Resurrection and so on.
4. The main functions of ellipsis in the text:
The role of ellipsis in the text-ellipsis is used in many places in the text, and its main functions are:
(1) indicates that psychological activities are intermittent. For example, "she thought nervously," what would he say? Is this a joke? His five children are enough for him ... is he here? ..... No, not yet! ..... Why did you bring them here? ..... He will hit me! I deserve it, I deserve it ... "All right, beat me up!" "
(2) Indicates the number of omitted increments. For example, "The ancient clock strikes ten, eleven ..."
(3) it means that the words are not finished, and the meaning is not finished. For example, "thank god, I finally came back alive. ..... What were you doing at home while I was away? "
4 stuttering, awkward. For example, "I ... fix ..."
5, understand the key paragraphs:
She thought nervously, "What will he say? Is this a joke? His five children are enough for him ... is he here? ..... No, not yet! ..... Why did you bring them here? ..... He will hit me! That's what I deserve, I deserve it ... well, beat me up! "
"Uneasy" means uneasy. "Uneasy" describes mental instability. After Sang Na brought back the orphans, she faced her five children and thought about her husband whose life and death were uncertain. She was nervous and worried. She doesn't know what her husband will say. She felt that she had added a burden to her husband and felt sorry for him. She was worried about her husband's sudden return and didn't know how to tell him about bringing the orphan home. But she would rather let her husband beat her up than adopt an orphan. The text truly shows Sang Na's psychological activities at this time. Let people feel the pressure brought by life to Sang Na, and feel the beautiful heart that Sana loves her husband and sympathizes with orphans, and would rather suffer hardships than help others.
The continuous use of ellipsis shows that Sang Na's psychological activities at that time were intermittent, vividly writing Sang Na's uneasy psychology.
1 1, the only audience (Author: Falling Snow)
2. Main content and central idea: This paper describes that with the sincere and selfless help of a music professor, "I" learned to play the violin, from lack of self-confidence to being able to play for hundreds of audiences at various literary evenings, praising the virtue of the old professor in caring for and encouraging young people to become talents, and expressing my admiration and gratitude to the respected old professor.
There are two clues in this article. One is the psychological and behavioral changes of "I", and the other is the language changes of the old woman.
4, sentence understanding:
(1) "I think you must play very well, but unfortunately I am deaf. If you don't mind my presence, please continue. "
The old man is not deaf. As one of the most prestigious professors in the Conservatory of Music, the old man heard that "I" was not good at playing, and found that "I" lacked self-confidence from the behavior of "preparing to slip away" after being discovered. In order to maintain my self-esteem, she helped me build up my self-confidence and gave me the courage to play the piano in front of the old man who lied that he was deaf.
When I stop, she always says, "That's great. My heart has felt it. Thank you, young man. "My heart is full of a feeling I have never felt before."
Understanding: this "feeling that I have never felt before" is the happiness that is affirmed by people. And this just comes from the company of the elderly, from the praise of the elderly. The old man didn't teach me to play the piano, but she used her own language to help me regain my confidence and encourage me to practice hard. With her encouragement, "I" finally dared to practice at home, and I practiced very seriously and diligently.
13, there is only one earth.
Explain the method and function: numerical science is accurate and concrete. The examples are concrete and vivid, emphasizing vivid metaphors.
15, this land is sacred (Author: Seattle)
1, article structure: total score
2. Style: Speech
3. Question 2 after class:
(1) "We belong to the same home as the mountains, rivers, animals and plants on the earth."
Understanding: This sentence once again illustrates the close relationship between human beings and nature, and also tells us to protect our homes as masters.
(2) "Anything that comes to the earth will eventually come to the children on the earth.
Understanding: The earth is the home of mankind. If the home is destroyed, any impact and harm to the earth will be transformed into harm to human beings themselves. This sentence directly points out the close relationship between human existence and the earth.
(3) "The earth does not belong to human beings, and human beings belong to the earth."
Understanding: This is the center of the article. This sentence means that no one has the right or control over the earth. No one can treat the sacred earth according to his own preferences. Human beings belong to the earth, because the earth allows human life to multiply and continue. Only by caring for everything on the earth can we ensure the survival of mankind.
Fifth unit
17, juvenile leap soil
1, writers and works-(information kit)
Pronunciation: Zheng, Buddha, Xing, Gong and Livestock.
*3. What did Runtu tell me? What impression did moistening the soil leave on you? See P 148.
Key points: catching birds in the snow-smart and knowledgeable; Look at the thorns-wit and courage; Picking up shells by the sea-life is colorful. Watching fish in flood season-well informed
Runtu is a knowledgeable, lively and lovely, intelligent and capable rural teenager. P 142, P 143, and P 147 give people the impression that they don't completely conform to the four things.
4. What did Runtu tell me about "bird catching"? How do you feel?
Key points: the time to catch birds-heavy snow; A place to catch birds-on the beach; The way to catch birds-set up bamboo plaques, sow grain, and pull the rope when birds come to eat; The result of bird catching-there are all kinds of birds. Smart and capable, he is an expert in bird catching.
*5. Talk about the understanding of the sentence "They are all like me and only see the sky at the four corners of the high wall in the yard".
"They" refers to my usual friends. "The sky around the high wall in the yard" means that the world where "I" and "my usual friends" live is very narrow. Because they are kept in high walls and deep yards all day, which is quite different from the leap soil living by the sea.
Contrast. "Me" and "my usual friends" live in the compound all day, so we can't get in touch with each other widely.
Naturally, narrow-minded. This sentence expresses my dissatisfaction with my environment and also reveals my yearning for colorful life in rural areas.
6, four things, the author wrote in detail, showing the characteristics of leap soil from different sides.
7. Use of dashes and brackets-Supplementary explanation
18, my uncle Mr. Lu Xun
1, polyphonic characters: crown, number, number
2. In two words: swallow dates, struggle, and suddenly realize that the north wind is whistling, weather-beaten, and crying.
In a hurry, so-so, clear and vague.
*3. "My Uncle Mr. Lu Xun" was written by Zhou Ye, expressing her memory, love and admiration for Mr. Lu Xun.
*4. The passage "My Uncle Lu Xun" mainly describes the author's memories of Mr. Lu Xun. What kind of impression did he leave on you?
The paragraphs in the text are marked with blank lines, which describe four things respectively: talking about the water margin (my uncle told me to encourage me to study hard), talking about hitting a wall (my uncle told me to hit a wall and attack the old society), saving rickshaw drivers (my uncle enthusiastically helped rickshaw drivers) and caring about maids (my uncle cared about maids).
(1) The joke "Water Margin" shows his concern and love for teenagers;
Talking about "hitting a wall" shows his hatred of the old society;
③ Ambulance drivers showed deep sympathy and care for the working people;
(4) Caring for the maid, Sam, shows that he cares more about others than himself.
Mr. Lu Xun is a person who has a clear sense of love and hate, seldom thinks of himself, but thinks of others very much.
5, sentence understanding:
(1) Uncle touched his beard and said with a smile, "Haha! My memory is still very good. "
Understanding: This sentence ostensibly praises your good memory, but actually criticizes "I" for being too careless in reading with humorous language and euphemistic tone. Language description reveals Lu Xun's implicit, humorous and witty personality characteristics.
(2) "Do you think it is not easy to hit the wall when it is dark around?"
Understanding: "All around is dark" means that the society at that time was dark and there was no light, and the people didn't even have any democracy and freedom. "Hit a wall" is a sense of frustration and persecution when fighting against reactionary forces. From the text, we can appreciate Mr. Lu Xun's indomitable spirit of struggle and revolutionary optimism that is not afraid of setbacks and persecution.
I clearly saw at that time, and now I clearly remember that the kind and happy expression on his face no longer exists, and he has become so serious. He didn't answer me, but put his skinny hand on my head for a long time and finally sighed deeply. "
Understanding: the two "clearness" here emphasize the deep impression left by the scene at that time on "I"; His expressions and actions, such as "becoming so serious, holding his hand for a long time" and "sighing deeply", show that Mr. Lu Xun saw the evil of the old society, could not control his hatred for it and turned to anger. This sentence shows Mr. Lu Xun's hatred of the old society and great sympathy for the working people.
6. In "Save the Driver", in order to accurately write the scene of two brothers Lu Xun saving the injured driver, nine verbs are used-"help, squat, kneel, take, clamp, take, wash, apply and tie", which highlights the touching image of Mr. Lu Xun's "bow down and be a willing ox".
7. The article is divided into several parts by empty behavior signs. Talk about the connection between the first part and other parts.
Focus: five parts; The first paragraph is a general statement-deep love, and the following paragraphs are sub-statements-reasons for being loved. See P 154.
Sixth unit
Focus on reciting the first four ancient poems and the notes under the book.
Unit 7
The old man and the seagull
1, Pronunciation: plastic, biscuits, picking, intimacy, tut-tut, Dianchi Lake, whirlpool.
2. Main content and center: The text mainly talks about (every winter, an old man has to walk more than 20 miles to deliver food to seagulls, calling their names, and has formed a deep friendship with seagulls. After the old man died, the seagulls unanimously saw him off.
*3. What do you mean by accident?
Key points: ① Seagulls fly around and sing in front of the old man's portrait, ② land in succession and stand in two rows, ③ pounce on the portrait and sing loudly with their wings so close.
*4, key sentence understanding:
(1) "Seagulls rise and fall according to his rhythm, forming a roaring white and flying into colorful music."
Key points: Old people feed, seagulls eat. The cooperation between the old man and the seagull is so tacit and harmonious! The seagulls beat their snow-white wings rhythmically, and the scene was more like a beautiful song than a clever painting. Let's feel the beautiful and deep affection between the old man and the seagull. (Description) (2) "They are singing loudly and flapping their wings. They are so close that we finally get out of this dancing white whirlpool."
Key points: Seagulls use the special way of "singing", "flapping" and "flying" into a "whirlpool" to express their reluctance to the elderly, to express their nostalgia for the elderly, and to show the beautiful and deep feelings between the elderly and seagulls. (scene description)
5. Experience the role of ellipsis in the text.
23 The Last Elephant
1, pronunciation: overwhelming, touching, plucking, bloody battle.
2. Accumulated words: restless, careless, reunited after a long separation, suffering misfortune, deafening, fighting bloody battles,
Intense, majestic, unstoppable, sobbing
The author is Shen, and I also know his work The Seventh Hunting Dog (after-school bookstore).
4 The Last Elephant in the War tells the story of the hero who died in battle, put on armor and hung on the battlefield in chronological order, and returned solemnly.
Four touching plots. Praise the noble feelings of loyalty, kindness and affection of the war elephant Gacao.
*5. (An important feature of this article in expression is to highlight Ga's noble feelings of loyalty and kindness through the concrete description of Ga's actions and demeanor. )
The Eighth Unit
Unique strings of Boya
1. According to legend, Yue He was from the Spring and Autumn Period. Boya Juexian told the legend that they became bosom friends, which made us feel the sincere feelings between friends.
*2. Learn the meaning of this poem by reciting the text and notes and comparing them with the notes.
*( 1) Boya Guqin, aiming at a high mountain, said in the middle of the clock, "OK, I look like a mountain!"
When Boya played the piano, he thought of the mountain in his heart. Zhong Ziqi listened with admiration: "You play really well! Just like the towering Mount Tai stands in front of me! " )
Experience: Yu Boya's piano skills are superb, and Zhong Ziqi appreciates them very much. Their mutual understanding and appreciation are bosom friends.
(2) What Boya read was available in the middle of the year.
Zhong Ziqi will be able to say exactly what Boya thinks.
(3) When the child died, Boya said that there was no sound in the world, the piano was broken and the body was gone.
Boya felt that he would never find a bosom friend in this world again, so he broke his beloved piano and never played it again.
Experience: Boya was heartbroken at the loss of her intimate friend and gave up her expertise and hobbies to express her condolences. Show the deep friendship between friends.
*3 understanding of bosom friends; People who understand their own thoughts and speak the same language.
26 Moonlight Music
1, moonlight song is also called moonlight song and moonlight. Beethoven played (thirty-seven) piano pieces? The fourteenth is the moonlight song.
2. Think about why Beethoven played the piano for blind brothers and sisters; Why is it played one song after another?
(The girl's love and understanding of music moved Beethoven and entered the room to play a song; Blind girls love music and know music. Beethoven met a bosom friend, which inspired his creative desire and inspiration, so he played one song after another.
Listening to the piano, the shoemaker's brother and sister seemed to see something and talked about their experiences and feelings.
A: The shoemaker listened to Beethoven's piano and thought of the beautiful picture of the bright moon rising on the sea. The first picture: The moon has just risen from the place where the water meets the sky, and the sea surface is "wrapped in silver". At this time, Beethoven gently pressed the keys, and the music was quiet and soothing. The second picture: The moon rises higher and higher, and "veiled Wei Yun" appears in the sky. With the change of the scene, the musical momentum is gradually enhanced and the tune is tortuous. The third picture: "Suddenly, there was a strong wind on the sea and huge waves were rolled up." Strong music suddenly sounded. The waves "come in", the momentum is fierce, the music is loud and exciting, and the rhythm is getting faster and faster. What beautiful pictures and rich associations! Sometimes soothing, sometimes cheerful, sometimes melodious, sometimes intense. Fresh and dreamy, beautiful and harmonious tunes, we have to admire Beethoven's superb skills. (Slow and steady-fast and powerful-gradually enhanced-high passion)