The full text of "The light boat has passed the Ten Thousand Mountains" is as follows:

Early departure from Baidi City

[Tang Dynasty] Li Bai

Call to Baidi Among the colorful clouds, a thousand miles of rivers and mountains return in one day.

The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the boat has passed the Ten Thousand Mountains.

This poem is one of the most widely circulated poems by Li Bai. The poet combines the happy mood after being pardoned with the magnificence and beauty of the country and the smoothness and briskness of the boat along the current to express it. The whole poem is full of exaggeration and fantasy. It is written in a smooth and elegant way, shocking the world, but it is not artificial, it is arbitrary and natural. The whole poem is sharp and straight, flowing straight down, the speed of the boat is so fast that it makes people feel far away. No wonder Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty praised: "The ghosts and gods are weeping in the storm!"

Source

"Early Departure from Baidi City" is about the great poet Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty who was pardoned and returned from exile. A seven-character quatrain composed at that time.

Comments on key statements

①Fa: Set off. The former site of Baidi City is on Baidi Mountain in Fengjie County, Chongqing City.

② Chao: Morning. Baidi: Baidi City. Yang Qixian's note: "The Baidi City was built by Gongsun Shu. When Gongsun Shu came to Yufu in the early days, a white dragon came out of the well. He inherited the fortune of the Han Dynasty, so it was called Baidi, and the name was changed to Baidi City." Wang Qi noted that "Baidu City" The imperial city is close to Wushan in Fengjie County, Kuizhou. The so-called colorful clouds refer to the clouds in Wushan. "Predecessors once thought that this poem was written by Li Bai when he was a young man in Shu. However, according to the poetic meaning of "A Thousand Miles to Jiangling Return in a Day", Li Bai once went up to the Three Gorges from Jiangling, so this poem should have been written when he returned. Words: Farewell. Caiyunjian: Because Baidi City is located on Baidi Mountain with a towering terrain, looking up from the river below the mountain, it seems to tower into the clouds.

③Jiangling: Today’s Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. It is about 1,200 miles from Baidi City to Jiangling, including 700 miles of the Three Gorges. Li Daoyuan's "Three Gorges" "In the 700 miles from the Three Gorges, there are mountains on both sides without any gaps. Heavy rocks overlap, hiding the sky and blocking out the sun. There is no sun or moon at the end of the afternoon. As for Xiashui Xiangling, it is blocked along the way. Or The king's order was announced urgently, and sometimes the White Emperor would arrive in Jiangling at dusk. During this time, he would ride on the wind without any trouble. There are cypresses, hanging springs and waterfalls among them. They are green and luxuriant, and there is a lot of interest in them. Every sunny day, in the cold forest and in the cold streams, there is often a sad and strange sound, which is heard in the empty valley. The fisherman's song goes: "The Badong Three Gorges and the Wu Gorge are long, and the apes cry three times and shed tears on their clothes." "? Hui: return, return.

④Ape: ape. Cry: cry, call. Stay: stop.

⑤Wanzhongshan: a mountain with many layers. .

Easy-to-understand vernacular translation

I am about to embark on my return journey when the sky is full of morning glow. Looking up from the river, I can see Baidi City surrounded by colorful clouds. The scenery is gorgeous. Jiangling, which is thousands of miles away, has been reached in one day. The cries of the monkeys on both sides of the river are still echoing in the ears, and the brisk boat has passed by the endless stream. Mountains.

Creative background

In the spring of the second year of Emperor Suzong's reign in the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was exiled to Yelang due to the case of Yong Wang Li Lin. He rushed to the place where he was demoted via Sichuan and went to Baidi. When he was in the city, he suddenly received the news of the pardon. He was overjoyed and took a boat east to Jiangling, so the poem was titled "Going to Jiangling"

Four years before Li Bai wrote this poem (755 AD). , the "Anshi Rebellion" broke out that shocked the Tang Empire. During this war, the then emperor Tang Xuanzong was forced to flee to Sichuan. Later, Tang Xuanzong passed the throne to his son Li Heng, who later became Tang Suzong. His younger brother Yongwang Li Min also went eastward to compete with Tang Suzong for the throne. At that time, Li Bai was living in seclusion in Lushan to avoid the chaos. He did not know the inside story, so he joined the Yongwang shogunate in 758 AD. During the suppression, Li Bai was also implicated, imprisoned in Xunyang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi), and sentenced to long-term exile in Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou). The following year, he was pardoned when he went west to Wushan, and he took the bus from Baidi City. The boat returned to Jiangling. On the way, he wrote this poem to express the poet's extremely happy mood after being pardoned. ?

Appreciation

The first sentence "Caiyunjian" describes Baidicheng. The height of the terrain prepares the whole article for the dynamic description of the boat moving fast. The word "jian" in "Caiyunjian" means a partition. The poet looks back at Baidi City above the clouds, and everything in the past seems like a world away. One way to describe the height of Baidi City is because of the difference in boat speed. If we don’t describe the height of Baidi City, we cannot reflect the huge gradient difference between the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

The terrain of Baidi City is so high that it reaches into the sky, so the following sentences describe the speed of the boat trip, the short journey, and the busy greeting and farewell with the sound of apes and the sight of thousands of mountains. "Caiyunjian" also describes the morning scenery, showing the great weather from darkness to light, and the poet hurriedly bid farewell to Baidi City at this moment of dawn with excitement.

The words "a thousand miles" and "a day" in the second sentence contrast the distance of space with the shortness of time. The clever thing here lies in the word "huan". "Return" means to return. It not only shows the poet's joy of traveling "thousands of miles" in "one day", but also faintly reveals the joy of being pardoned. Jiangling is not Li Bai's hometown, but the word "return" is as friendly as returning to his hometown. The word "huan" is expressive in the dark and worthy of readers' careful consideration.

The third sentence is even more magical. In ancient times, "high apes often roared" in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. The poet said "can't stop crying" because he was riding a fast boat on the Yangtze River. He heard the cries of apes on both sides of the bank, and saw the shadows of the mountains on both sides. There were more than one ape cries and more than one mountain shadows. Due to the speed of the boat, This makes the cry and the mountain shadow become "one whole" between the ears and eyes. This is what Li Bai felt when he came out of the gorge and heard the sound of apes and the shadow of the mountain. The poet felt very happy and excited in this boat, which was like an arrow off the string, going straight down the current. Guifu of the Qing Dynasty praised "the wonderful thing is that the third sentence can make the spirit of Tongshou fly over." "Zha Pu"

In a blink of an eye, the "light boat" has passed the "Ten Thousand Mountains". In order to describe the speed of the ship, the poet not only used the sound of apes and mountain shadows to set it off, but also added the word "light" to the ship itself. To say that the boat is fast would seem clumsy, but the word "light" has a different meaning. The Three Gorges has rapids and dangerous shoals. When the poet went upstream, he not only felt the weight of the boat, but also felt even more sluggish. "I went up to the Yellow Ox three times, and it was too late for three twilights. Three dynasties and three twilights, and I didn't feel that my temples were silky." ("Up the Three Gorges") 》) Now, as we go down the river, the boat is as light as a boat without anything, as readers can imagine. And the "ten thousand mountains" that are "dangerous and high" have passed, the boat has entered a smooth road, and the poet's pleasure of going through hardships and entering a prosperous journey is naturally expressed. These last two sentences are both a description of the scene and a comparison of scenery. They are both an expression of personal mood and a summary of life experience.

About the author

Li Bai (701-762), also known as Taibai, also known as Qinglian Jushi, also known as "Exiled Immortal", was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He is known as the "Immortal of Poetry" and is called "Li Du" together with Du Fu. In order to distinguish him from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, known as "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are also collectively called "Big Li Du". According to the "New Book of Tang", Li Bai was the ninth grandson of Emperor Xingsheng (King Li Hao of Liangwuzhao) and had the same ancestry as the kings of Li and Tang. He is cheerful and generous, loves drinking, writing poetry, and making friends. Li Bai was deeply influenced by Huang Lao Liezhuang's thoughts. The "Collection of Li Taibai" has been handed down from generation to generation. Most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include "Looking at Lushan Waterfall", "The Road is Difficult", "The Road to Shu is Difficult", "About Wine" and "Morning". "Fa Baidi City" and so on. ? 1184 poems