1. Vocabulary

Vocabulary is the key to learning English well. Without enough vocabulary, it is impossible to listen, speak, read and write.

The size of vocabulary determines the level of a student's English proficiency. Therefore, in the junior high school stage, in addition to mastering the more than 800 vocabulary words required by the "Outline", we must also expand about 500 vocabulary words. In the process of learning vocabulary

, you must master the spelling rules of words and memorize words according to the rules; at the same time, you must memorize and expand words based on the knowledge of word formation and understand them through context. And memorizing words is also a good way to learn words optimally.

At present, there are fewer and fewer questions on Chinese-English translation of vocabulary in the high school entrance exams. Instead, the proportion of vocabulary application in context

is increasing.

When entering the primary stage of learning English, mastering phonetic knowledge is the basis for learning English words well.

Accurate reading of English phonemes is the prerequisite for spelling and pronunciation of phonetic symbols. Therefore, you must be proficient in the 48 phonemes and be able to spell and spell them. Some students think that the written test part of the high school entrance examination cancels the test of pronunciation, so

Secondly, we should pay attention to training our ability to listen, distinguish and imitate. In class, listen attentively to the teacher's pronunciation and the tape recording, and try to learn it in class. For those words, phrases or sentences that are difficult to pronounce, you must take the time to imitate them repeatedly after class until you read them accurately and are familiar with them.

Thirdly, master the pronunciation rules and develop your ability to connect letters (or combinations of letters)

with pronunciation according to the pronunciation rules. Because mastering the spelling rules is very beneficial to the memory of words. To this end, you should

regularly review and consolidate the "Listen, read and say" in the last lesson of each unit and the

"Pronunciation and spelling" in the textbook appendix, if you do not pay attention to these contents. I think this is a huge shortcoming. If anyone can master it proficiently, it will become a good helper for you to memorize words.

Speaking of memorizing words, this is a common headache for students. In particular, the vocabulary of the current new textbooks has expanded a lot, making memorization even more difficult.

It is impossible to learn English well if you cannot remember the words. So it is very important to break through the difficulty of words. There are many ways to memorize words.

1. Memorize words according to their pronunciation. In fact, when you read a word, you need to take a look at the phonetic symbols and grasp the pronunciation rules of letters and letter combinations. Categorize and memorize all words that match the rules. For example:

① Press the open and closed syllables to memorize and master the pronunciation of vowels. Bag: cat, map, sad;

cake: name, plane, date; desk: next, set, step, let;

these: Chinese, Japanese; hit: big, ship, this, kill;

like: side, nice, kite, mine; not: dog, hot, stop, got;

nose: note, those, close, hole; bus: nut, cup, rubber,

dust; use: huge, etc.

② Memorize by letter combinations and master the pronunciation of vowel letter combinations and consonant letter combinations, such as:

bee, meet, see, keep, etc., ee letter combination is pronounced /i :/;chair,

ch letter combination reads /tS /.

2. Syllable memory.

Regardless of the length of the word, if you memorize it from the first letter to the last letter, it will be very difficult to memorize it. For example: information, consisting of 11 letters, can be "cut into eight pieces", and it will be easy to memorize syllables. in-for-ma-tion

3. The method of combining sound, shape and meaning

Memorizing a word combines its sound, shape and meaning, which makes the memory firm and fast. Read its pronunciation accurately, be optimistic about its shape, and understand its meaning, especially if a word has multiple meanings, and improve the resolution when memorizing it.

For example: orange is a dual-category word. As a countable noun, it means "orange"; as an adjective, it means "orange"; as an uncountable noun, it means "orange". juice". There is only one pronunciation /'orindJ/, and the word form is the same. This makes it much easier to consciously discern memories.

4. Remember words through associative memory. It mainly includes the following forms:

① Contrastive associative memory:

Synonyms: study/learn (learning), big/large/great (big), look/

see/watch (see), hear/listen (listen), good/fine/well/

nice (good), door/gate (door), like/love/ enjoy(like) etc.

Antonyms: such as: big (big) →small (small), dear (expensive) →cheap (cheap), hot

(hot) →cold (cold), slow( slow) → quick／fast (fast), thin (thin)

→ (fat), in front of (in front of) → behind (behind),

south (south) →north (north) and so on.

Homophones: too (also) → two (two), for (for) → four (four), right (correct) →

write (write), by (multiply) →buy (buy), blue (blue) →blew (past tense of blow

), sea (ocean) →see (see), son (son) →sun (too

Yang), whether (whether) → weather (weather)

Similar word forms: want (want) → wait (wait), read (read) → ready (ready)

's), wall (wall) → walk (walk), quite (very) → quiet (quiet),

present (gift) → parent (parents), etc. put together to compare memories .

At the same time, you can also think of some words with different meanings and shapes. For example: associate cost with pay, take and spend, and compare the usage of these words with relative, identical or identical pronunciation.

②Categorization and associative memory: Classify the learned words into different categories and reasonably classify the learned words.

A. Classify by part of speech. For example: noun driver, name..., verbs be, have, drive...,

Adjectives careful, happy..., adverbs carefully, happily..., prepositions in,

on at..., pronouns he, she, him, her...etc.

B. Classify by use.

Such as: clothing coat, shirt, skirt, sweater,

shoes..., food category cake, rice, dumpling, noodle..., sports category

football, basketball, race, sport... , transportation type traffic, bus,

car, taxi, train, plane, ship..., month January, February,

March, April..., weekday Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,

Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday and holidays, etc. For example, when learning the word "Christmas", I think of Children's Day, Women's Day,

Teachers' Day, Tree-Planting Day, Mid-autumn

Festival , National Day, New Year's Day, Spring

Festival and a series of festival terms.

③Associative memory of word formation: Use the same root words (word form conversion) associative memory and pay attention to the part of speech. Many English words

have multiple genders. For example, open can be used as both a verb and an

adjective. Other words have the same root. For example, the word care has both noun and verb properties. Its co-root words are carefully, carefully, careless, and

carelessly. For these words , we should focus on remembering. Another example: north→

northern, noise→noisy→noisily, etc. Use compound words to associate and memorize. For example, when you learn the word moonlight, you will think that it is a compound of the two words moon and light.

Classroom is a compound of class and room.

④Collocation-associative memory: Using one word as the center and matching different words to form a new phrase. There are many such language phenomena. If you can use this rule frequently, you will firmly remember the phrases you have learned. For example:

1) Phrases containing get include: get ready for, get up, get up, get on, get along with others, get down, get dressed, get back. Go back; come back, got on, get off, get to, get out of, get lost.

2) Phrases containing go include: go swimming, goes on, go to school, go to bed, goes home, go out for a walk , go away, goes down, go back, go on with to continue doing something

3) Phrases containing look include: look at, 1ook after, look after; take care of, look the same Look alike, 1ook like looks like, 1ook for, 1ook up (in a dictionary, reference book) to look up, 1ook over (a doctor) to check, 1ook around (round) to look around

4) Contains Phrases of make include: make room for, make room for, make sentences with, make a face or made faces, be made in, be made of, make tea tea, make friends with, make up, make a mistake, make sure, make a noise

5) Phrases containing take include: take your time Take your time, take your time, take medicine, take medicine, take a walk, take, exercise, take turns, replace, take care of, take care of, take, out of, take away; take out, taking off Take off, take a message for to... send a message

6) Phrases containing come include: came into, come down, come in, come over, come from, come back come back, come round come over/comes over, come on come on, come on, come out (flower) bloom; come out, come along hurry up, hurry up

7) Phrases containing turn include: turn off means to close, turn, up (turn the radio, etc.) up, turn on (turn on the lights, etc.), turn down (turn the radio, etc.) down, turned white, turn white, turn left, turn left.

8) Phrases containing have include: have to have to, have an idea, have a rest, have breakfast, have a look, have a good time to play Happy, had better Best, have a drink of Drink a little

As long as you pay more attention and consciously pay attention to summarizing, it is not difficult to memorize words and phrases.

In addition, the teacher plays the reading tape in class, not just listening, but writing it down quickly while listening, so that the ears, heart, hands and eyes can understand it. used together. In short, for those newly learned words, you should take the trouble to memorize them repeatedly through reading, writing, memorizing and other means.

If repeated a certain number of times, it will become a long-term memory and will not be forgotten.

(5) Memorizing words requires diligence and seize the scattered time to memorize. When memorizing words, in addition to

the above methods, you must also do the "five to ① brain to remember - you must think about it when memorizing the word, and not to be distracted.

② the eye to see - observe carefully How to write the word. ③ Read the word with your mouth. ④ Listen to your own pronunciation. ⑤ Write the word with your hands on the desk or paper. Don't be lazy.

Be sure to memorize and draw. Use all your organs and I believe you will be able to remember more words.

Some students think that memorizing words is really troublesome. In fact, if you can do it consciously and regularly, you will develop a habit of remembering it every time you encounter it. Will associate it unconsciously

A foreign language expert once said: "A thousand words appear in front of you at least twenty times

In order to remember. "Students, think about it, how many times have the words you learned appeared in front of you? Now you

maybe you have found the reason why you can't remember the words?

(6) It is also very important to learn English well by previewing before class and reviewing after class.

You should preview before each lesson to clear the obstacles in listening.

Through preview, like "fire reconnaissance", you can find the weak links in your knowledge and quickly

make up this part of the knowledge before class, so that you can understand the new knowledge. It will go smoothly.

One of the main reasons for the poor listening effect of some students is that they have not done a good job in previewing before class. If you don't prepare well before class, you will feel unsure when taking new classes, and you will become passive and difficult to digest, and you will lose confidence in accepting new classes. If you do a good job of previewing before class,

not only can you clear the obstacles in listening to the class in advance and cultivate the ability of self-study, but you can also increase your interest in learning new lessons

and master the skills of learning.

First of all, be familiar with and be able to remember most of the new words. After understanding the basic

meaning and usage of the new words, you should listen to the text tapes in time. , under normal circumstances, you should listen to it 2-3 times in a row

and read it aloud, the purpose is to correct the pronunciation of new words and imitate the pronunciation and intonation of reading the text,

improve your speaking ability Correcting the pronunciation of words in this way can also enhance your sense of language.

During self-study, do you often encounter difficult problems? How do you deal with them?

Of course. When this happens, you must first think carefully, analyze and consider from multiple angles

You must know that if you go through a lot of troubles to get to the bottom of a certain problem, what will happen in your heart? It's really an indescribable pleasure. If you really can't figure it out, you can ask your teacher or classmates for help and never let go of any difficult questions.

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2. Grammar

Grammar is the basis for learning English well. It is a tool for mastering English. After you have mastered a certain vocabulary

, learn some grammar knowledge. It is very necessary. Selective fill-in-the-blank is an important question type to test grammar.

It can test nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions and

Numbers, etc. Cover a wide range of topics.

The grammar knowledge learned in junior high school is only a handful. I have practiced it over and over again. Why

I still make mistakes in the end?

This phenomenon of making mistakes again and again is common among students, that is, if you have made a mistake on a certain question before,

When you see this question again in the future, you still get it wrong or even make the same mistake. I think the key to the problem is that we didn't fully understand the cause of the error or didn't pay enough attention to it. You should carefully and carefully analyze and think about every question you get wrong: Where is the mistake? Is it because you don’t understand the knowledge point or is it carelessness?

To? How to correct it? How to avoid similar errors from happening? Are there any other solutions? After this reflection, record them in the "wrong question bank". If you encounter similar problems in the future, you can basically prevent mistakes from happening. Especially those questions that are easily affected by fixed thinking should be handled in this way, otherwise it will be easy to repeat the same mistakes.

Tense learning is the most troublesome grammar project for Chinese students. Because Chinese people only have changes in time in their language expressions

without the concept of tense, but the things expressed in English are at different times

so it is necessary to Use different tenses, and the key expression of tense is on the predicate verb of the sentence. Sometimes it is easy to memorize the rules, but mistakes often occur in the use of sentences.

To accurately master the five basic tenses in junior high school, it is important to use them more in sentences.

1. Master the common usage of linking verbs such as be, feel, look, get, turn, etc. with predicates.

2. Master the difference in usage between continuous verbs and instantaneous verbs.

This type of verb is mainly reflected in the past tense and perfect tense.

1. In the present perfect tense, the continuous verb can be used with the prepositional phrase for or since that expresses a period of time, while the present perfect tense of the terminal verb cannot be used with a period of time. For example:

I have bought this dictionary for three years.

I have bought this dictionary for three years. (Incorrect)

Bought (past participle of buy) in the previous sentence is a terminal verb. It cannot be used with a phrase indicating a time period.

If it is used together, it must be changed. The structure can be changed to: I have had this

dictionary for three years. Therefore, in learning, we should pay attention to convert terminating verbs into

continuing verbs. Common conversions between terminating verbs and continuous verbs include come→be here,

begin/start→be on, borrow→keep, buy→have, die→be dead,

end／finish→be over, get up→be up, go(get)out→be out, fall

asleep→be asleep, leave→be away from, join→be in／be a

Member of, put on→wear, catch a cold→have a cold, etc.

3. The functions of palm, cover, 蔰o, will, shall, have, and be in the sentence. Summarize the tenses and remember their structure.

4. Master the tense changes of action verbs speak, write, read... in sentences.

The five basic tenses required to be mastered in the "Outline".

Understand the concepts of various tenses, master the

structure in sentences and the time adverbials that indicate tenses. At the same time, you must also understand the other three tenses "past continuous tense, past

future tense, and past perfect tense".

The five basic tenses are listed below:

Tense

Time

Structure

General

Present tense

often, usually, always, sometimes, every day (week...),

on Sunday

He/She /It verbs

I/We/You/They verb base form

Common

Past tense

yesterday, … ago, last week,

in 2001

Past tense of subject verb

Present

Continuous tense

now

now

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Subject be present participle

Present

Future tense

tomorrow, next week

Subject will/be going to Verb base form

Present

Perfect tense

already, yet, ever, never, for a period of time, since the beginning of time

He/ She/It has past participle

I/We/ You/They have past participle

Verbs are very important in language communication. Grammar is just a tool for learning English well. Use this tool You can improve your self-study ability. In the process of understanding tenses, pay attention to the clues in the previous and following sentences or the surrounding context. Pay attention to the basic changes in verbs.

①Example 1: (2003 Beijing)

②---What are Mr and Mrs Black doing?

③---They _______ tea in the garden.

④A. are drinking B. drank C. have drunk D. drink

⑤Analysis

⑥This question tests the present continuous tense.

⑦ From the context analysis of the previous sentence, we know that the action occurs at this moment. Find the structure of the verb part, eliminate interference

and get the correct answer. The question in this sentence is asking "What are the Blakes doing?" The answer should be "Now...", and the structure of the present continuous tense is "be(am, is,

are) present participle”.

⑧Example 2 (2003 Chongqing City)

⑨---I don't know if his uncle___________.

⑩---I think he _________if it doesn't rain.

A. comes; comes B． will come; will come

C. comes; comes D． comes; will come

Analysis

This question examines the application of two tenses in context. First, distinguish what clause

is guided by if, and then determine the respective tenses according to the context.

The first empty if introduces the object clause

after the transitive verb, which means "whether". The main clause of the sentence is the simple present tense, and the action of the object clause has not yet

To happen, use the future tense; the second empty if guide is a conditional adverbial clause, the conditional clause uses the present tense

, and the predicate verb of the main clause uses the future tense.

3. Communication

The "Outline" points out that "enable students to master certain basic language knowledge and basic

skills, establish a preliminary sense of language, and obtain preliminary use of English. Ability to lay the foundation for real communication

. The key to learning a language is application. Do students pay attention to their English and oral practice? We do not have an environment for speaking foreign languages, but we must try our best to create it. Every day

After getting up in the morning, you should read English for at least 5 minutes. Reading aloud can not only practice pronunciation and develop a good sense of language, but also play an important role in improving listening skills that cannot be underestimated. In addition, we must take advantage of every possible opportunity to say hello or talk about things in English with classmates, teachers

or other people who understand English. When you encounter new words, speak them in a mixture of Chinese and English.

You may not get used to it at first, but it doesn’t matter. As long as you persist, you will get results.

Former Soviet linguist Professor Bauli Aristide can speak fifteen foreign languages ??fluently. He said: "As soon as I learn 100 words, I will speak in this language immediately.

A person who is afraid of making mistakes will never be able to speak an authentic foreign language." It seems that if you want to practice speaking well

You really need to have the spirit of "shameless and sharp-tongued" to speak.

4. Reading

1. How do you develop your reading ability?

Reading comprehension is more difficult and must be based on sufficient vocabulary. Reading training can only be carried out. It

is an important symbol to check the level of your English learning level. Do you spend a lot of effort in reading?

If you want to improve your reading level, in addition to studying textbooks, you must consciously expand your reading volume outside of class, improve your reading speed

and master reading skills. Develop the habit of reading English books after class. At the beginning, due to the limitation of vocabulary, you can read some simpler articles and try to read simple reading materials without new words. As

your vocabulary grows, so will your appetite. You should read more original articles, which will not only broaden your horizons, but also learn a lot of knowledge. Over time, your vocabulary will be enriched and your understanding will be greatly improved. Start by deliberately reading some short articles on popular science, history, geography, environmental protection, and medical and health care.