01.

Fu Hao, the wife of King Wu Ding of the Shang Dynasty. She lived in the first half of the 12th century BC when Wu Ding reorganized the Shang Dynasty. She was my country's earliest female politician and military strategist, and the first well-documented heroine in Chinese history. From the excavation of her tomb, it is inferred that her name should be "Hao", "Wo" is a kinship title, just like we call someone "eldest sister" today, and her other title is "Xin".

Wu Ding, Emperor Gaozong of Shang Dynasty, had three queens, and Fuhao was his first wife. It is worth noting that Fu Hao did not live with Wu Ding, but often stayed in his own fief. This phenomenon never appeared again in subsequent Chinese history. But it seemed to be a common phenomenon at the time.

Wu Ding was a famous hero in the history of the Shang Dynasty. During his 59 years in power, he frequently went on expeditions and conquered the surrounding tribes in the northwest and southeast, greatly expanding the territory of the dynasty. He was known in history as The period of his rule was called "Wu Ding Zhong Xing". In this process, Fuhao is of course a very important figure. There are quite detailed records of the military activities she participated in in the documents at that time. Oracle records say that one summer, a war broke out on the northern border, and the two sides were at loggerheads. Fu Hao volunteered and asked to lead troops there, but Wu Ding was hesitant. After divination, he decided to send Fu Hao to raise troops, and the result was a great victory. After that, Wu Ding made her the commander-in-chief. From then on, she conquered the east and west, defeating more than 20 surrounding Fang Kingdoms (small independent countries). At that time, the number of people dispatched in the battle was not large, usually only thousands, which was similar to a large-scale battle. However, according to records, women When Hao attacked the Qiang side, he led more than 13,000 troops at a time. In other words, almost half of the country's troops were handed over to her.

Fuhao was not only able to lead the army in east and west expeditions to expand territory for Wu Ding, but she was also often ordered to preside over various rituals such as offering sacrifices to heaven, ancestors, and sacred springs, and served as a divination official. The Shang Dynasty was a country that believed in ghosts and gods. It was said that "the major affairs of the country were sacrifices and military affairs." The woman was good at fighting, and had the power of sacrifice and divination. Wu Ding liked her very much. Later, when Fuhao passed away, Wu Ding was deeply saddened and gave her a posthumous title of "Xin". The descendants of the Shang Dynasty respectfully called her "Mother Xin" and "Stepmother Xin".

02. Xun Guan, a native of Linying, Yingchuan, Western Jin Dynasty, is a heroine with both wisdom and courage in ancient my country. When she was 13 years old, she did something earth-shattering. Xun Guan's father, Xun Song, was the governor of Xiangyang. He was a fair and selfless man and an honest official. He was deeply loved by the people of Xiangyang. While in office, he did some things that were popular with the people, but also offended some people. His subordinate Du Zeng was dissatisfied with Xun Song. In order to avenge himself, he launched a rebellion after some plotting. The confrontation between the two sides lasted for a long time, the food and grass in the city decreased day by day, and the number of casualties among the soldiers and civilians defending the city increased day by day. When the situation became critical, the 13-year-old daughter Xun Guan volunteered to lead more than ten dead soldiers to break through the siege, invite reinforcements, and relieve the siege of Wancheng.

03. Lu’s mother and son Lu Yu were from Langya Haiqu, and they were a wealthy family with abundant property. She was one of the first peasant uprising leaders to resist Wang Mang's rule in the late Western Han Dynasty, and was also the first female leader of a peasant uprising in Chinese history. In 14 AD, Lu Yu was killed by the county magistrate because he did not follow the county magistrate's instructions to punish the people who could not pay taxes. Full of grief and anger, Lu's mother vowed to avenge her son. She took out all her family property, and after some careful planning, she quickly gathered a team of hundreds of people to train troops and wait for the opportunity. In AD 17, Lu's mother climbed to the earth platform at the western foot of Kuishan Mountain to worship heaven. She called herself "general" and led a mighty uprising army towards Haiqu City. After a fierce battle, the county magistrate was captured alive and executed. From then on, Lu's mother became famous, and poor farmers from far and near defected to her. Soon, the rebel army grew to tens of thousands. Lu Mu's uprising ignited the torch of resistance to Wang Mang's rule, and soon formed a prairie fire that swept across the country. In 18 AD, Lu's mother died of illness, and most of her soldiers joined the Red Eyebrow Army, while the rest defected to the peasant uprising armies such as Qingdu and Tongma.

04. Hua Mulan, after the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang, and after Emperor Xiaowen's reforms, the social economy developed and people's lives became relatively stable.

However, at that time, the Rouran tribe, a nomadic tribe in the north, continued to harass them southward, and the Northern Wei regime stipulated that one man from each family should go to the front line. Mulan's father was too old to go to the battlefield, and her brother at home was too young, so Mulan decided to join the army in her father's place, and she began her many years of military life. Going to the border to fight is a difficult task for many men, not to mention that Mulan has to hide her identity and kill the enemy with her friends. But Hua Mulan finally completed her mission and returned home triumphantly more than ten years later. Because of her great contributions, the emperor believed that she could serve in the court and be given an official position. However, Hua Mulan refused. She asked the emperor to let her go home to compensate and honor her parents. Later, in the Tang Dynasty, he was named "General Xiaolie" and a temple was built to commemorate him.

05. Princess Pingyang, the daughter of Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, was the third daughter of Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan, and the beloved daughter of Li Yuan’s direct wife Dou Shi (Queen Dou). She is a true heroine, and her talents and courage are not inferior to those of her brothers. However, her name and date of birth are not recorded in the "Old Book of Tang" and "New Book of Tang", which record her deeds. Shortly after the reunification of the Northern and Southern Dynasties in the Sui Dynasty, China once again fell into a state of great division. This split was short-lived. It only took Li Yuan, the nephew of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, 7 years to defeat the heroes and unify the world again. Li Yuan's ability to become emperor is of course inseparable from his personal conditions, but more importantly, he actually gave birth to a group of outstanding children. Among these sons and daughters, the most accomplished ones are the prince Li Jiancheng, the second son Li Shimin and the third daughter Princess Pingyang. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the people were in dire straits and the world was in chaos. In May of the thirteenth year of Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan decided to raise troops. At that time, Li Yuan's chance of winning was not great. The number of troops under his command was insufficient, no more than 10,000 men, and he had to face Turkic attacks every day. The most terrible thing was that all his family members were in Chang'an, and only his second son, Li Shimin, was with him. When he led his troops to leave his defense line, he claimed that he was going to Jiangdu to rescue Emperor Yang of Sui who was trapped there. However, his marching direction was directed towards the capital Chang'an. Of course, this kind of "covering one's ears and stealing the bell" could not be concealed from the Sui Dynasty officials in Chang'an. Chang'an immediately ordered the arrest of Li Yuan's family. The arrest list included Li Yuan's third daughter, Princess Pingyang, and her husband, Chai Shao.

The situation was critical. Princess Pingyang and her husband quickly discussed and decided to split up. Chai Shao went straight to Taiyuan, while Princess Pingyang made various arrangements in the rear. She quickly set off back to Li's Manor in Hu County, disguised herself as a man, and called herself Mr. Li. She sold local properties to provide relief to the victims, and soon recruited a team of several hundred people. Soon the news of Li Yuan's revolt came. Princess Pingyang heard the news and was determined to recruit more troops for her father.

She contacted the rebels against the Sui Dynasty everywhere. This young woman, with her superhuman courage and intelligence, recruited four or five rebel armies that already had a considerable scale in the world in more than three months. The largest of them was Hu Shang He Panren, who had tens of thousands of people at that time. Princess Pingyang sent her son Ma Sanbao to persuade He Panren to surrender. I don't know what tricks Ma Sanbao used, but He Panren, who was far more powerful than Princess Pingyang, was willing to be Princess Pingyang's subordinate. After Princess Pingyang recruited He Panren, she successively recruited Li Zhongwen, Xiang Shanzhi, Qiu Shili and other rebels, greatly increasing her power. During this period, the imperial court continued to send troops to attack Princess Pingyang. The rebel army led by Princess Pingyang not only defeated every attack, but also conquered Huxian, Zhouzhi, Wugong, and Shiping in succession.

The rebels recruited by Princess Pingyang are all bandits who kill without blinking an eye. If they don't have some real skills, even men can't suppress them, not to mention that their sources of troops come from systems that are not originally affiliated with each other. Being able to turn the ragtag group into a victorious force in a short period of time and achieve such a great result shows that Princess Pingyang's organizational and command abilities are truly outstanding.

This rebel army, led by a woman, has very strict military discipline. Princess Pingyang must carry out her orders, and the entire army respects her. In those years of rebellion, this army gained widespread support. The common people called Princess Pingyang "Ms. Li" and her army the "Women's Army".

The Detachment of Women's Army was famous far and wide, and many people came from thousands of miles away to defect to it. Soon, Princess Pingyang's army of women exceeded 70,000. Princess Pingyang's military intuition and insight were truly genius. Sui general Qu Tutong once suffered several major defeats at her hands.

In September 617 AD, Li Yuan's main force crossed the Yellow River and entered Guanzhong. At this time, he was very happy to see that his third daughter had already secured a large territory for him in Guanzhong. He sent Chai Shao to meet Princess Pingyang. Next, Princess Pingyang selected more than 10,000 elite soldiers to join Li Shimin on the north bank of the Weihe River to attack Chang'an together. Chai Shao belongs to Li Shimin's subordinates and is on the same level as Princess Pingyang. The husband and wife each led an army and each had their own shogunate. In November, they attacked one area and quickly captured Chang'an.

After the Battle of Chang'an, Princess Pingyang's deeds disappeared from historical records. It was not until early February 623 AD that the news of her death was suddenly recorded in history books. The reason why this amount is recorded is mainly because her funeral was unique. Princess Pingyang was buried with military honors. His posthumous title is Zhao.

Princess Pingyang was the only woman in Chinese feudal history who had her funeral held by the army.

06. Tang Saier was the famous leader of the White Lotus Goddess who rebelled against the imperial court in the early Ming Dynasty. She was a native of Putai County, Binchuan, Shandong. Tang Saier came from a poor family and learned martial arts from his father since he was a child. He was already outstanding in martial arts when he was less than 15 years old. In 1420, Tang Sai'er organized thousands of peasant troops to revolt in Xishipengzhai, Qingzhou. After the uprising, the officers and soldiers of Qingzhou Guard Commander Gao Feng who came to besiege were completely wiped out. People from all over the east of Qingzhou responded one after another. Dozens of rebel armies, large and small, joined forces with the Shishipeng uprising army to fight against the enemy. Thousands of people divided their forces to attack Gongzhou, Rizhao, Zhucheng, Shouguang, Anqiu, Langmo and other prefectures and counties. They "destroyed government offices and burned warehouses", killed the rich and helped the poor. Officials fled for their lives. Urgent documents were sent to the capital. Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty sent envoys to summon After surrendering, Tang Sai'er angrily beheaded the envoys, so the Ming court sent Liu Sheng, the general in charge, and Liu Zhong, the commander of the capital, to lead the capital troops to the town. Tang Saier took advantage of Liu Sheng's weakness in being arrogant and underestimating the enemy, and sent people to the enemy camp to feign surrender. Liu Sheng believed it was true, and the rebel army took the opportunity to storm the weakly defended enemy base camp at night, disrupting the enemy troops and killing Liu Zhong with an arrow. After daybreak, Liu Sheng learned that he had been tricked and led a large group of troops to attack. When he arrived at the mountain stronghold, the rebel army had already moved. Tang Sai'er escaped safely, which made Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty very angry. On the one hand, he severely punished local officials and ordered various places to arrest Tang Sai'er. Later, it was suspected that Tang Sai'er had cut off his hair and became a nun, and arrested "tens of thousands of monk women all over the world", but "Sai'er's soldiers were not captured and their fate is unknown." Today, there is the "Tang Saier Memorial Temple" on the main island of Puhu Lake, the former site of her hometown, and a statue of her in military uniform is built at the north end of the nearby Binzhou Yellow River Bridge.

07. Qin Liangyu, a female military commander, national hero, and strategist with outstanding military exploits in the late Ming Dynasty. Since childhood, he has practiced martial arts alongside his brothers and studied art of war part-time. Before the age of 20, he was good at riding and shooting. She was courageous and intelligent, good at poetry, and famous for her elegant manners and martial arts skills. At that time, Ma Qiancheng, the Xuanfu envoy of Shizhu, Sichuan, admired her very much. When Qin Liangyu was 20 years old, the two got married. In the late Ming Dynasty, there were frequent foreign police forces to protect their hometown. The couple trained their children from their hometown to serve as soldiers in order to protect their family and country. He once led the "white pole soldiers" to participate in Pingbo, aiding Liao, Pingshe, Qinwang, resisting Qing, and fighting against rebellion (Zhang Xianzhong). His merits have gone to Dr. Guanglu of the Mingzhu Kingdom, Prince Taibao, Prince Taifu, Shaobao, Sichuan Recruitment Envoy, Zuo Governor of the Central Military Governor's Office, Zhendong General, Sichuan Chief Military Officer, Zhongzhenhou, and Yipingaoming's wife. After his death, the Southern Ming court gave him the posthumous title "Zhongzhen". Qin Liangyu spent more than 40 years in the military, and traveled all over the Great Wall, north and south of the Yangtze River, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and the Sichuan Basin. Qin Liangyu is the only heroine in Chinese history who is recorded in the official history and general biographies (not female biographies). The only female general who was awarded the title of Marquis based on her military exploits. One of the few women with both civil and military skills. Guo Moruo once wrote an article praising Qin Liangyu: "There are very few female generals in history like her who are not afraid of death and do not love money."

08. Patriotic female general - Liang Hongyu at the turn of the Song Dynasty. Han Shizhong and Liang Hongyu, one is a low-level officer in the camp who has no ambition, and the other is a camp prostitute who has experienced a lot of life.

King Heng discovered from Lin Siniang that women had a unique charm in practicing martial arts, so he organized all the concubines and maids in the palace, with Lin Siniang as the leader, to diligently practice spear and sword skills and offensive and defensive tactics, forming a women's army. Lin Siniang was very attentive to this. She often wore silver armor and carried two swords on her waist. She taught and supervised her female soldiers like a general. Infected by Lin Siniang, all the girls became very interested in martial arts and military skills and studied diligently. Practice hard and you will make great progress soon. Prince Heng seemed to be the staff officer of this women's army. He often came to inspect their drills and gave pointers from time to time. Prince Heng was very happy to see these women who used to be frail and capable of twisting and fighting now. Three years later, in the eighth year of Chongzhen, there was a long drought and no rain in the Shanxi and Shaanxi areas. Famine continued. The people were in dire straits and troubles occurred everywhere. Wang Jiayun, a bandit from Shanxi, made great efforts to expand outward. A group of his subordinates, led by Wang Ziyong, attacked Qingzhou, Shandong. Zhu Changshu, the King of Heng in Qingzhou, always thought that his martial arts skills were unparalleled and his military skills were unrivaled, so he didn't take Wang Ziyong and his group seriously at all. When the king's own troops surrounded Qingzhou City and prepared to attack the city, King Heng was so angry that he personally raised his spear and leapt on his horse, leading the Qingzhou defenders to attack on the initiative. But after all, the defenders were outnumbered, and King Heng underestimated the enemy too much. The defenders were soon at a disadvantage and were besieged by the bandits on a small hill. They were unable to advance or retreat. The situation was very critical. The officials in the city saw that the prince's attack was unfavorable and that the rebel army was becoming more and more powerful. They could not help but feel frightened and lost confidence. They prepared to open the city and surrender to the enemy in order to surrender. After Lin Siniang heard the news, her willow eyebrows stood up and her almond-shaped eyes widened. She scolded the officials without scruples, then summoned the women's army in the palace and advocated: "Send troops to save the Lord to repay your kindness!" As the saying goes: "Raise soldiers." "A thousand days, a moment of war." The women's soldiers who have been practicing for three years are afraid of actual combat with real swords and guns, but they think that once the city is defeated, they will not end well, so they might as well risk their lives to fight. At most, it's a piece of cake! So everyone geared up, mounted their horses, and followed Lin Siniang's command. After hurried formation and preparation, Lin Siniang set off with the Detachment of Women. All the female soldiers had solemn expressions on their faces. When the city gate opened, the bandits outside the city suddenly saw a well-equipped team rushing out majestically. When they rushed closer, they saw the soldiers with beautiful faces, painted eyebrows and painted lips, and beautiful eyes with anger. Really interesting. "It's a bunch of girls!" The thieves couldn't help laughing, and at the same time they relaxed their vigilance. Taking advantage of this opportunity, Lin Siniang shouted and commanded the women's army to rush into the enemy's formation. She used swords and guns to kill the soldiers until they were pissed, and they didn't wake up for a long time. I didn't expect that this group of pretty girls would be so capable, they must be well trained. The rebel generals had to be cautious, waved yellow flags, and dispatched troops to press against the Detachment of Women. After all, the rebels were numerous and experienced in the battlefield. When they started to fight for real, the Women's Army was no match for them. After a fierce confrontation, the Women's Army fell one after another, and only Lin Siniang was left. After all, Lin Siniang had profound skills and a pair of long swords. With his hands, he cut left and blocked, and he had cut down more than a dozen thieves. Seeing her men fall one by one, Lin Siniang's eyes were spitting fire. She became more and more courageous as she fought, killing the thieves so much that they did not dare to get close. Dozens of people surrounded her horse. When the thief general Wang Ziyong saw that there was only one female general left, who was pretty and had extraordinary skills, he loudly persuaded him to surrender and shouted: "Young women don't have to fight hard, I will let you live!" Lin Siniang was not willing to accept this trick and pulled her horse. Then he rushed towards the enemy group, swept across and killed a large number of enemy soldiers, and finally died under the enemy's sword due to lack of physical strength. Soon after, Lu Yisheng arrived with a large number of reinforcements, drove away the rebel army, rescued the besieged King Heng, and put an end to the war. After King Heng returned to the city, he heard about the heroic actions of Lin Siniang and the Detachment of Women, and was moved to tears. Someone was sent to find Lin Siniang's body outside the city. King Heng held the body and cried bitterly, and was buried with great ceremony in the back garden of the prince's palace. Other Detachment soldiers who died in the battle also received generous burials.

10. Feng Wanzhen (born in the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty) was from Xiezhuang, Beijing, and her ancestral home was Shandong.

After the British and French invaders occupied Beijing in 1860 (the tenth year of Xianfeng), they plundered everywhere. Nineteen-year-old Feng Wanzhen, together with her father Feng Sanbao, led a militia to defeat the British and French troops and protect the lives and property of the people of Xiezhuang. Therefore, it has been widely spread among the people.

11. Shen Yunying was a female general of the Ming Dynasty. She came from a family with a military career and was versatile in both civil and military affairs. As a young man, she followed her father in the war. After her father died in battle, she had the courage and knowledge to guard her father's camp and organize her father's old troops to relieve the danger in Daozhou. He was awarded the title of guerrilla general for his meritorious service. When the Qing army entered the customs, she endured poverty and died of depression. The villagers mourned her from all directions. He once ran a private school and gave lectures in his hometown. There is "General Yunying's Lecture Place" in Changxiang, his hometown, and a stone plaque with "General Yunying's Lecture Place" remains in the Shen's Ancestral Hall in Changxiang. A heroine whose name will go down in history.

12. Mrs. Xian, whose original name was Xian Ying (512 AD - 590 AD), was from Gaoliang (Gaozhou, Guangdong). She later married Feng Bao, the governor of Gaoliang at the time. He was good at getting to know heroes. In 550 AD, he met Chen Baxian, the later leader of the Chen Dynasty, while participating in the suppression of Hou Jing's rebellion, and recognized him as the man who would pacify troubled times. In 551, Mrs. Xian Tai assisted Chen Baxian in capturing and killing Li Qianshi. The Liang Dynasty discussed the merits of quelling the rebellion and conferred the title of "Mrs. Protector" on Mrs. Xian. In 557 AD, Chen Baxian proclaimed himself emperor and the Chen Dynasty was established. In the second year of Chen Yongding (AD 558), Feng Bao died and Lingnan was in chaos. Mrs. Xian quelled the chaos and was canonized as the Taifu of Shilong County. After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, the governors of several counties in Lingnan elected Mrs. Xian as the leader and revered her as "the Holy Mother". Later, Mrs. Xian led the people of Lingnan to surrender. In the Sui Dynasty, she was granted the title of Mrs. Qiaoguo. After her death, she was given the posthumous title of "Mrs. Chengjing"