Camel Xiangzi takes the whereabouts of rickshaw driver Xiangzi in Beiping (present-day Beijing) as a clue, and shows people the picture of poor citizens at the bottom of Beijing living in the abyss of pain under the rule of warlords and darkness. From the story of Xiangzi's attempt to get rid of the tragic fate of life through personal struggle, he finally failed or even degenerated, warning people that it is impossible for urban poor peasants to turn over and become masters by personal struggle alone. Camel Xiangzi came out and was translated into more than ten languages, which had a great influence.
Together: I came to Beiping as a rickshaw driver, worked hard for three years, scraped together 100 yuan and bought a new car.
A fall: On one occasion, people and cars were arrested as able-bodied men by gendarmes. The ideal was shattered for the first time.
Second: sell camels, pull carts desperately and save money to buy a new car.
Raul: In the dry month, Xiangzi's hard-earned money was robbed in a raid, and his second hope was dashed.
Three times: Tigress bought Xiangzi a car at a low price from her neighbor's second hand, and Xiangzi got another car.
Sanluo: In order to arrange Tigress's funeral, Xiangzi sold the car again.
Xiangzi's trilogy of fate is "strive for progress-unwilling to fail-willing to fall"
Xiangzi, once such a strong first-class driver, did not struggle out of his tragic fate in the end. Life didn't give him too much because he was stronger, such as soldiers, camels, Cao Zhai, Inspector Sun, tigress, and joy ... All these didn't seem to let him escape the ultimate fate of the driver. He once didn't believe in life, but what's the use? His efforts, his first car, his savings from buying a car, didn't attract anyone, didn't provoke anyone, and it was gone? Who can blame this? I can only blame my life. As a result, Xiangzi finally became no longer strong like other drivers, and developed things like alcohol and tobacco that he never refused to get contaminated in the past, which made people feel forgivable, and all the bad habits seemed to be unforgivable. But what a strong man Xiangzi used to be! He deducted every penny from his life in order to buy a car. He sacrificed his face and the strong seat of the inferior driver, pulled the car desperately and refused to drink a good cup of tea. Although it is normal for a senior driver like him to drink good tea, he regards himself as steel and desperately saves money ... Things are often unsatisfactory, and all accidents run counter to his wishes. Xiangzi's knowledge and experience honed him into a different person-a completely opposite person to Xiangzi in the past-who learned all the bad habits, played tricks on the patrolman, maintained himself and became a driver who muddied along. Sometimes he thinks he should live a good life, but when he thinks about his experience, he loses confidence. What if he's stronger? Wasn't he stronger before? Finally, like everyone else, he may be happier every day. Until the end, even his last hope, joy, left this world, and he was completely desperate. A simple, honest, kind and strong rural youth degenerated into a sympathetic gangster, and finally fell down on the street like a dog and never got up again. Xiangzi is the epitome of the poor working people in the old society, and he reflects the hardships and helplessness of the working people in the old society. Xiangzi in Lao She's works comes from the countryside, and the background is the dilapidated countryside in China, where farmers are simple and stubborn. Xiangzi is kind and simple, and has a camel-like positive and tenacious spirit towards life. His only wish is to buy a car to pull and be an independent laborer. Later, after three years of hard work, he bought a brand-new foreign car with his hard-earned money, but it didn't take long for the soldiers to take it away, and then the detective of the reactionary government cheated him out of all his savings. Tigress's inevitable "love" for him brought him physical and mental pain. I bought a car with Tigress's money, and it will be sold soon to arrange Tigress's funeral. After many twists and turns, his wish was finally completely shattered. Happy suicide, his favorite, extinguished the last spark of hope in his heart. He lost any begging and confidence in life and became self-indulgent. He started playing games, eating, drinking and gambling, and completely degenerated into the garbage of the city. Through this character, Lao She wrote the oppression of the unreasonable social system on the living space of the lower class workers. The evaluation of Xiangzi is: Xiangzi is a man who can't stand the test of life and lost his life. As the saying goes, "The road is long, but it's Xiu Yuan, so I will go up and down for it." Why doesn't he look for a new way out and become the scum and scum of society? Why doesn't he be the master of life and make a living by himself? I think he was scared, too, because he was born as a farmer and couldn't stand the repeated blows of life, so he gave up. So the cause and effect of the characters in the book has been declining! Xiangzi's tragedy is the product of his social life environment. By describing the characters and interpersonal relationships around Xiangzi, the novel truly shows the life of that dark society, the ugly faces of warlords, spies and car factory owners, and the distorted reflection of the oppression and oppressed relationship of Xiangzi by their ruling network.
Tigress, a shrewish and calculating middle-aged woman, is born with a man's character and is good at taking care of things and managing people and parking lots in an orderly way. She tried her best to arrange a scam, but her father, Si Liu, found out earlier, but he still tricked Xiangzi into marrying her, but she didn't expect her father to leave her and sell the factory to other places. In the end, she died of dystocia caused by laziness. All her endings are of her own making, and she is counting her own life. The Tao is one foot high, and the devil is ten feet high. Like Tigress, she didn't get a good reputation and no one sympathized when she died. It seems better to be an honest man. In this book, the person who impressed me the most was Tigress. At that time, such women were rare. Her image is the most vivid. She is a "bitch". She scolds anyone who has offended her. Her rampaging tone, pouting, and half-smiling and half-smug tone when talking to Xiangzi are so vivid in the book. If it weren't for her age, I would have thought she was a girl of eighteen or nineteen who was not sensible. But recalling the scam she came up with, the play she played, and the words she talked back to her father, I feel sophisticated again. Tigress has a dual identity in the novel: the daughter of Si Liu, the car owner, and the wife of Xiangzi, the rickshaw driver. 1, this seems to be a two-sided contradiction, which makes Tigress's character show duality: on the one hand, she is infected with the idle, scheming and philistine habits handed down from the exploiting class family, and she is uneducated and vulgar; On the other hand, she was delayed by her father out of selfishness and had a grudge in her heart. Her pursuit of love and happiness has been suppressed for a long time, and she has been hurt by the feudal exploitation of her family, so her psychology is abnormal. Tigress is another oppressed object and victim of Si Liu. On the issue of her marriage with Xiangzi, she didn't really want to be a coachman's wife for life, but tried to pull Xiangzi to the ideal track of her life to a great extent. Of course, Tigress can't say that she has no feelings for Xiangzi. Xiangzi also got her concern-a tigress-like, almost rude "love"; What's more, Xiangzi can't accept her abnormal sexual entanglement and needs. It is entirely based on her own needs, and it can even be said that it is a physical and mental destruction of Xiangzi. She hurt Xiangzi. Unreasonable social and family exploitation caused her misfortune, and her involvement in Xiangzi's life led to the tragic ending of Xiangzi's physical and mental collapse. Tigress is the resistance and obstacle to Xiangzi's upward progress and one of the external factors leading to Xiangzi's fall.
Grandpa Si Liu, the Paoge in the old society, improved and built a parking lot. He is an honest and frank man with a strong personality and never refuses to lose face in the outfield. The biggest regret in this life is that there is no son to take over. Although a daughter is capable, she is a daughter after all. Because my daughter is middle-aged and unmarried, I feel sorry for her, and I will let her go on weekdays, but I don't want my hard-earned property to be given to others with my daughter. So I broke up with my daughter, and finally I didn't even know where my daughter's grave was. Feudal thought made him forget his family, and when he woke up, it was too late. I believe Xiangzi really felt lonely when he kicked him out of the car and stood there alone for a long time. He really feels that he has nothing but money, and he can't even see his daughter's grave. Affection is precious, I hope we don't know how to cherish it after we lose it.
Mr. Cao, a little intellectual in the old society, has some money. Sometimes I teach some books, sometimes I do other things. A man of medium height calls himself a "socialist" and is also an aesthete. He has no profound views on politics and art, but he can embody what he believes in the little things in life. He hopes that he can become a real revolutionary soldier and knows that he doesn't have this ability. He showed some concern and sympathy for the lower working people like Xiangzi, and was able to solve the temporary difficulties of others with his own efforts. It can be said that he is a relatively upright and progressive intellectual, but his thoughts are limited by the times, which makes him not a real soldier.
Sun platoon leader/detective-Xiangzi was arrested by soldiers because of an adventure after buying a car for the first time. Not only did he lose his car, but he also had to wait on these soldiers every day. The leader of these soldiers is platoon leader Sun, who has not yet appeared. When Xiangzi met platoon leader Sun for the second time, Mr. Cao was searched. By this time, platoon leader Sun had become a detective, but he still kept Xiangzi with him and gave him all his savings. Xiangzi's final downfall was due to the disillusionment of his dream for many reasons, but this Sun Man directly shattered Xiangzi's dream twice, which is not one of the culprits.
Joy-Xiangzi married Tigress and lived in a quadrangle. There are all kinds of people living in quadrangles, including Qiang people. There are five people in the Erqiang family, namely the Erqiang couple, their daughter Joy and their two sons. The top two sold Joy 200 yuan to an officer, but when Joy was away, the top two killed her sister-in-law by mistake because she was drunk. For the funeral, he sold his car cheaply to Tigress and Xiangzi. After a while, Joy came back. Due to her livelihood, she had to be a prostitute to support her family. In fact, Xiangzi took a fancy to Joy after Tigress died, but when Xiangzi returned to Mr. Cao and found a stable job, Joy had hanged herself.
Pony and Grandpa-An encounter in a teahouse made him know Pony and his grandfather. For the first time, he felt that even if he tried to pull the cart again, he could not make a living when he was old, not to mention Grandpa Pony had his own car, but he was still poor when he was old. So Xiangzi decided to marry Tigress just for a little money, because no matter how hard he tried, he would be like this little grandfather when he was old. The two later confessed that Pony later died of illness but had no money for treatment.
Gao Ma, Mr. Cao's big momma, is very enthusiastic. She has repeatedly advised Xiangzi to lend usury, but all failed because of Xiangzi's stubbornness. Gao Ma was a speculator in this society at that time. She is smart and careful. Perhaps in the society at that time, she could only be as talented as Gao Ma to make ends meet.
Xiangzi: At first: honest, strong, persevering, self-respecting and hardworking;
Finally: numb, down and out, cunning, easy to take advantage.
The darkness outside gradually got used to it, and his heart seemed to stop beating, so his eyes could not help but close. I don't know if I am moving forward or have stopped, but I feel like a wave of fluctuations in my heart, like a fluctuating Black Sea. Darkness is connected with my heart, everything is dim, everything is ups and downs, and everything is in a trance. Suddenly my heart moved, as if I remembered something, and as if I heard some voices, I couldn't tell; But I opened my eyes again. He did go on walking, forgetting what he had just remembered, and there was no movement around him. The heart beat for a while, then gradually calmed down. He told himself not to close his eyes and stop thinking; Getting to the city quickly is the first important thing. But if he doesn't think about things in his heart, his eyes will close easily again. He must have missed something, awake. He knew that once he fell down, he could sleep for three days. What are you thinking about? He is dizzy, his body is wet and sad, his hair is itchy, his feet are sore and his mouth is dry. He can think of nothing but self-pity. However, he can't even think about his own affairs. His head is so empty and bloated, as if he just remembered himself and then forgot himself, just like a candle that is about to go out, even he can't illuminate himself. Coupled with the darkness around him, he felt like he was floating in a mass of black gas. Although he knew he still existed, he took a step forward, but there was nothing else to prove where he must have gone, just like a man floating in the desert sea, he couldn't believe himself. He has never experienced such indecision, sadness and absolute loneliness. On weekdays, although he doesn't like making friends, he is not afraid to bask in the sun alone. The sun shines on his limbs and all kinds of things are presented in front of him. Now, he is not afraid, but he can't stand this uncertainty. If camels are as dishonest as mules and horses, maybe they can be taught to cheer up and pay attention to them, but camels are too docile to make him impatient; When he was in the most trance, he suddenly thought of whether the camel was still behind him, which startled him. He seems to believe that these big animals will gently drill into the dark fork, but he has no idea that they will gradually melt like pulling a piece of ice.
Money will lead people into a bad society, abandon noble ideals and willingly go to hell.
People who work for money are afraid of meeting more money. Loyalty is not based on money.
Love or not, the poor depend on money to decide, "love species" is only born in the rich family.
Experience is the fertilizer of life, what kind of experience will make you who you are, and peony cannot be raised in the desert.
That car is the total achievement and reward of all his struggles and hardships, just like the badge of a battle-hardened soldier.
They can't run because their legs and feet are weighed down by money.
Hope makes him happy, fear makes him panic. He wants to sleep, but he can't. His limbs were scattered on some hay. There is nothing but the stars in the sky and his heartbeat.
It's late at night, fatigue for many days, and fear of running away make him physically and mentally uncomfortable.
The night is still dark, and there is still some wet and cold fog in the air, which makes my heart feel even more slim.
I don't know if I am moving forward or have stopped, but my heart is like waves after waves, like a ups and downs of the Black Sea. Darkness is connected with my heart, all of which are vague, ups and downs, all of which are trance. Xiangzi seemed to be choked by a wind and took a few breaths.
That car is really cute. After driving for half a year, it seems that there are feelings everywhere. As soon as Xiangzi twisted his waist, squatted his leg, or kept his back, he closed it immediately, giving Xiangzi the most satisfactory help. There is nothing awkward between him and it. When he reached a flat place with few people, Xiangzi could hold the handle with one hand, and the slightly loud leather wheel urged him to run like a strong wind, fast and steady. When he arrived, Xiangzi's clothes and trousers were all sweaty, as if they had just been fished out of a basin. He feels tired, but he is happy and proud, a kind of fatigue, like riding a famous horse for dozens of miles.
He has no appearance, what makes him lovely is the spirit on his face. The head is not very big, round eyes, fleshy nose, two short and thick eyebrows, and the head has been shaved. There is no excess meat on the cheeks, but the neck is similar to the head. ) thick; My face is always red.
Gonta was so soft that even the handlebars moved slightly; The trunk is so bright, the cushion is so white and the horn is so loud.
Decent, strong, dreamy, selfish, personal, strong, great, Xiangzi, I don't know how many funerals he sent with others; I don't know when and where he will bury himself, this degenerate, selfish, unfortunate and socially ill child, the last ghost of individualism!
Rain is for the rich and for the poor; To the righteous and to the unjust. In fact, rain is unfair because it falls in an unfair world.
The greatest sacrifice is humiliation, and the greatest humiliation is resistance.
Politeness in sorrow is hypocrisy.
The wind bent the trees on the roadside, tore the cloth of the shopkeeper, opened the newspaper form on the wall, covered the sun, sang, shouted, roared and echoed; Suddenly relaxed, like a frightened elf, tearing the sky and the ground; Suddenly panic, chaos in all directions, like a demon who doesn't know what to do, decided to run into it; Suddenly sweeping, unexpectedly attacking everything on the ground, twisting branches, blowing off roof tiles and breaking wires; But Xiangzi was there watching; He just came out of the wind, and the wind didn't do anything to him!
Camel Xiangzi truly depicts the tragic fate of a rickshaw puller in Beijing. Xiangzi came from the countryside and worked hard to make money. He worked hard for three years and traded his sweat for a rickshaw. But before long, the mutinous soldiers of the warlord took his car away; Then the detective of the reactionary government cheated him of his only savings, and the master evaded the spy's tracking, which made him lose a relatively stable job. Faced with one blow after another, he struggled and still stubbornly wanted to make greater efforts to realize his life dream. But everything was in vain: I bought a car with Tigress's savings and soon had to sell it to arrange Tigress's funeral. His wish was finally completely dashed. His favorite happy suicide blew out the last spark of hope in his heart, and he lost any desire and confidence in life. He changed from ambition to self-indulgence: Xiangzi, who had been upright and kind, was crushed by the millstone of life.
The Journey to the West is the peak of romanticism in ancient novels and a masterpiece of romanticism in the history of world literature. Encyclopedia americana thinks it is "a mythical novel with rich contents and brilliant ideas", while The French Encyclopedia says: "The description of the whole story is full of humor and wit, which gives readers strong interest." Since19th century, it has been translated into more than ten languages, including Japanese, English, French, German and Russian.
The Journey to the West is also a masterpiece of ghost novels with strong symbolic significance.
One of China's classical Four Great Classical Novels is an excellent mythological novel, and it is also a combination of mass creation and literati creation. The novel begins with seven stories about "making havoc in Heaven", and puts the image of the Monkey King at the top of the book. From the eighth to the twelfth, I wrote the stories of Tathagata, Guanyin becoming a monk, Kevin·Z descending dragons and the birth of Tang Priest, explaining the origin of the scriptures. From the fourteenth chapter to the end of the book, it tells the story of a monkey born of a fairy stone who fell down at Bodhi Gate and was named Monkey King. He practiced hard and became a spell, but he got into trouble because of drunkenness and was crushed under the Five Elements Mountain. Five hundred years later, Guanyin told the Monkey King the way to save himself: He should learn from Tang Sanzang's Western Heaven, be his apprentice, and he will be saved when he achieves a positive result. The Monkey King followed Tang Sanzang on the road and met a monster on the way. Together with Bajie and Friar Sand, they embarked on a arduous journey to learn from western classics.
The writing time was in the middle of Ming Dynasty, when the social economy was prosperous, but the politics was deteriorating and people's lives were difficult. The author criticizes this unreasonable phenomenon through stories. * * * One hundred times, more than 600,000 words. Divided into titles, each title is presented in a neat double way. The story tells the story of Tang Sanzang and his disciples the Monkey King, Pig Bajie, Friar Sand and Bai who went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures after 81 difficulties.
The content is divided into three parts: the first part (one to seven times) introduces the Monkey King's magical power; The second part (eight to twelve times) tells the reason why Sanzang learned the scriptures; The third part (chapters 13 to 100) is the main body of the whole story, and it is written that Wukong and others finally arrived in the Western Heaven to retrieve the scriptures.
Tang Priest: The Tang Priest in the novel is a fictional character, which is different from the real master Xuanzang in history. The Tang Priest in the novel, whose common surname is Chen and posthumous title, whose legal name is Xuanzang, was originally the reincarnation of the second disciple of the Buddha. He is a posthumous child. Because of his parents' tragic and bizarre experiences, he grew up in a temple after becoming a monk, became a monk in Huasheng Temple, and finally moved to a famous temple in Beijing to practice. Tang Priest is studious and highly savvy, and stands out among the monks in the temple. Finally, he was selected by the emperor of the Tang Dynasty and went to the Western Heaven to learn from the scriptures. On the way to learn Buddhist scriptures, the Tang Priest successively surrendered three disciples, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand. Reincarnation of Golden Cicada-Sandalwood Merit Buddha
The Monkey King: Also known as Monkey King, Monkey King and Monkey King. Dongsheng Shenzhou Oleguo Huaguo Mountain Lingshi was bred, and it burst into a bright lingshi monkey. In Huaguoshan, a group of monkeys pointed to the waterfall in Huaguoshan and said, Who dares to go in and find us a home that won't hurt our health? When I worshipped it as king, the stone monkey found water curtain cave and took this opportunity to hide the "stone". After eight or nine years, I learned seventy-two changes by learning from Xu Bodhi in Fangcun Mountain, Niulingtai. The weapon is the golden hoop of "Dinghai Shenzhen" snatched from the Dragon King of the East China Sea. Since then, the Monkey King made a scene in the Heavenly Palace, claiming to be the Great Sage of Monkey, and was suppressed by the Tathagata at the foot of the Five Elements Mountain, unable to move. Five hundred years later, the Tang Priest went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures, passed by Wuxing Mountain, and broke the spell before he saved the Monkey King. The Monkey King was so grateful that, at the instigation of Guanyin Bodhisattva, he worshipped the Tang Priest as a teacher and went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures. On the way to learn the scriptures, the Monkey King exorcised demons and made many achievements. However, he was twice misunderstood and expelled by Tang Priest and his disciples. Finally, the four of them arrived at the Buddhist Leiyin Temple and got the true scriptures. The Monkey King's cultivation was successful, and the seal fight defeated the Buddha. The Monkey King is smart, lively, brave, loyal, vicious and dare to resist, which has become the embodiment of wisdom and courage in China culture. So the Monkey King can easily become the idol of the little boy in China. (Dongsheng, the stone monkey in Huashan, Olego, Shenzhou-Bi Marwen-Qitian Dasheng-Fighting for the Buddha) (seventy-two changes) Golden hoop stick
Pig Bajie: Also known as Zhu, Zhu and Zhu Liegang, the Monkey King often called him a "bookworm". Tian Peng, the former marshal of the Heavenly Palace, came down to earth for molesting Chang 'e. But the wrong pig fetus has grown into the shape of a pig face. Catch the civilians in Gaolaozhuang and be subdued by the Monkey King. The title of the successful restoration is "The Messenger of the Pure Altar". Pig's weapon is nine-tooth nail palladium. Pigs can only change 36. The image of Pig Bajie is a very successful image created by Wu Cheng'en. Although he is lazy, he is the Monkey King's right-hand man. Selfish as he is, he is likable and loyal to his master. Marshal Tian Peng (as Chang 'e) —— Messenger of the Clean Altar (36 changes) Nine-tooth Nail Palladium
Friar Sand: Also known as Sha Wujing and Friar Sand. He used to be a general in the Forbidden City. Because he broke the glass lamp at the flat peach party, he angered the queen mother and was banished to the world. He was turned into a monster by the Liusha River. Later, Guanyin Bodhisattva appeased him, ordered Friar Sand to worship the Tang Priest as his teacher, and promised him to go to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures. Because he finally worshipped the Tang Priest as a teacher, he worked hard all the way and was responsible for shouldering the burden. The weapon used is a wand. The book also calls Friar Sand "Friar Sand". After learning the scriptures, it was named Jin Luohan. Shutter general (breaking glass lamp at flat peach party)-soil louse essence-golden arhat descending wand
Bai: Work hard and complain. The third prince of the Dragon King (who set fire to the jade emperor beads in the temple and was demoted to the Snake Mountain)-Babu Tianlong
On their way to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures, the four of them went through 14 years of cold and heat, and 998 1 times of hardships, fighting with all kinds of monsters and ghosts, and finally arrived in the Western Heaven to retrieve the true scriptures. Among them, the most classic stories are the Monkey King's disturbance in the Heavenly Palace, Gao Laozhuang's taking Bajie, Bajie's fighting with Liushahe (taking the opportunity to take Friar Sand), Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, Ginseng Fruit, Pansi Cave, Flame Mountain, and the true and false Monkey King. In the struggle against monsters, he portrayed the distinctive personalities of the four masters and apprentices, and the story was very vivid.