Study the security situation and the characteristics of future high-tech wars, adjust the military strategy, and implement the "active defense" military strategy: take the potential enemies of the United States in the world and "neighboring powers that pose a threat to Vietnam" as the main objectives of regional operations; Taking the defense of territorial sovereignty integrity and the socialist system as the basic strategic goal; Take actively responding to local wars and armed conflicts and resolutely resisting "peaceful evolution" as the military strategic policy; Combining the main force, local troops and militia self-defense forces, combining small and medium-sized concentrated attacks with large-scale attacks on the enemy, giving full play to the role of resisting the enemy with armed forces as the main body, and establishing a "regional defense" system as a strategic means. To this end, the Vietnamese army has carried out comprehensive regularization construction and basic military training to meet the needs of army building in the new period. Vietnam has consolidated and strengthened its national defense and security undertakings with the people's armed forces as the backbone, combined national defense and security, constantly improved military laws and regulations, and institutionalized the thoughts and policies of the Communist Party of Vietnam on building national defense. Strengthen the leadership of the * * * production party over the army, public security and national defense security, and strengthen the state's management of the national defense and security system. Give full play to the comprehensive strength of the whole people and the political system, gradually increase the potential of national defense and security, and establish a solid national defense foundation.
Adhere to the close combination of national defense and economy, and emphasize that consolidating national defense and developing economy are two strategic tasks of Vietnam. In the current state of peace, priority should be given to economic development and comprehensive national strength. 1986 Vietnam's * * * production party began to carry out economic reforms. 1994 65438+ 10, Vietnam's * * * production party formally established the goal of building an industrialized and modernized country. The change of the proportion of agriculture in GDP reflects the achievements of Vietnam's economic reform. This proportion decreased from 40.6% in 1987 to 2 1.8 in 2004, and the industry rose from 28.4% to 40. 1%, and the service industry rose from 3 1. 1% to 38.2%. According to the data of Asian Development Bank, Vietnam's GDP increased by 3.6% in 1987, but it increased by 7.2% on average between 2000 and 2004. Economic growth has provided a powerful impetus for military modernization. In the process of economic construction and development, Vietnam has gradually increased the proportion of investment in national defense construction. According to the development process of industrialization and modernization, the modernization level of the army has been gradually improved, and the comprehensive quality of the combat effectiveness of the army has been improved.
Adhere to the combination of seeking foreign aid and actively developing the national defense industry, and constantly improve the modernization level of military weapons and equipment. It is emphasized that while purchasing a large number of advanced equipment from abroad, we should actively develop the national defense industry and independently develop various weapons and equipment. In the 1980s, most of the equipment of the Vietnamese army was provided by the former Soviet Union as military aid, with an average of about $65.438+0.50 billion per year, but by 654.38+0.987, this aid finally stopped. However, Russia continues to supply weapons to Hanoi through foreign arms sales. Other military equipment supply channels include Czech Republic, India, France, Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine. Some Belarusian companies and China North Industries have representative offices in Hanoi, and North Korea has sold Scud surface-to-surface missiles and coke-class small submarines to Russia. Belgium, Germany, Singapore, South Korea and Britain also began to penetrate Vietnam's defense market. Israel also sells equipment to the Vietnamese army. Adhere to the combination of national defense and diplomacy. Emphasize the peaceful and pragmatic diplomatic line of "making more friends and making fewer enemies", advocate settling disputes through peaceful consultation, and persist in developing friendly and cooperative relations with all countries in the world, especially neighboring countries, so as to create a safe external environment for economic and national defense construction. Vietnam joined ASEAN in 1995 and normalized its relations with the United States, so that the growth of Vietnam's military strength did not bring panic to other countries. Insist on building an armed force consisting of a standing army, reserve forces, militia self-defense forces and public security forces. Focus on building a revolutionary, elite, standardized and gradually modernized people's army and people's public security; At the same time, we should build a strong reserve force to replenish the standing army in time in case of war. Strengthen the dual functions of the army at home and abroad. Externally, resist aggression and defend national independence, security, sovereignty and territorial integrity. Internally, oppose subversion, defend the * * * production party and the socialist system, and maintain political stability; Defeat all kinds of sabotage activities aimed at undermining national construction and development, and ensure the stability and security of social order. In the late 1980s, with the easing of the regional situation, especially the Sino-Vietnamese border, as well as Vietnam's excellent economic development and regional cooperation, Vietnam lost Russian economic and military assistance, and it was difficult for Vietnam to maintain its huge military expenditure, so it proposed streamlining, reorganizing and reducing personnel. The characteristics of reorganization are to reduce dependence on the regular army and strengthen the construction of the navy and air force.
The disarmament work of the Vietnamese army began in 1987. Initially, the Second Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of Vietnam decided to disarm 400,000 people, accounting for about 1.26 million of the whole army 1.3. According to the statistics of the British Institute for International Strategic Studies, 1993, there were 484,000 active troops, 5 million paramilitary troops and 3-4 million reserve troops in Vietnam. The total number of the army decreased from 165438+ 10,000 in 1988 to 41.2,000 in 1993. The naval and air force personnel have not been reduced, but their status, quality and conditions have been improved and improved. The proportion of naval personnel in the total strength of the whole army rose from 6% to 9%. The proportion of air force personnel has increased from 3.5% to 6%.
The Vietnamese army has increased its defense budget while reducing its troops. 1992, the Vietnamese National Assembly and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam agreed to increase the defense budget, which greatly promoted the process of military modernization. 1993 the defense budget has increased again. An internal document of the local intelligence agency shows that Vietnam's defense budget was $305 million in193, and increased to $435 million in194, with an increase of 49%. 1995, Du Mei, former general secretary of Vietnam, publicly supported the construction of a strong navy to better protect Vietnam's "sovereignty, national interests and marine natural resources". In Vietnam, although all military statistics are still top secret, the 2004 national defense white paper said that Vietnam's national defense budget in 2004 still accounted for 2.5% of GDP, that is, about US$ 65,438+0.10.50 billion, which is the same as the percentage of10.998 provided by the CIA in its published materials. However, the British-based Institute for International Strategic Studies estimated that Vietnam's defense expenditure in 2004 was US$ 365,438+US$ 700 million, and in 2005 it was US$ 3.47 billion, an increase of 9.5%, three times the figure provided by Hanoi. According to an agency in Hanoi, Vietnam may purchase equipment worth 300 million to 400 million US dollars every year.