Appreciation of Wen Tianxiang's "The Moon on the Yangtze River Farewell to Friends", I hate the east wind and don't borrow anything from the world. I can't bear to see this broken city in the residual photos of Wuhua, a bird in Shu! Bronze sparrow Chun Qing, golden autumn tears, who hates this snow! Open firm but gentle, bullfight empty recognition of Qi Jie. That letter Jiang Hai spent the rest of his life traveling south to Wan Li. It was a ship. I want to leave a drunken eye for Ou Meng, and I want to look at the clouds carefully. Win by swallowing the column, go back to the flag, and be crowned through the ages. With insomnia, Qinhuai should be a lonely moon. Wen Tianxiang (1236- 1282), whose real name is Song Rui, was born in Wenshan and Jishui (now Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province), and was the official prime minister. Yuan soldiers invaded the south, and he worked hard for the king. Be held hostage, unyielding and killed after defeat. He was a famous national hero in the late Song Dynasty. The poems, essays and words he wrote are the records of his fighting career, the declaration of his patriotic thoughts and the crystallization of blood and tears, which cannot be regarded as ordinary literary works. This poem entitled "Farewell to Friends at the Post Station" was written when Wen Tianxiang was taken to Dadu (now Beijing) after being captured and passed through Jinling (Nanjing) to say goodbye to friends at the post station (official inn). When my friend was Deng Shan, the word was just right. At this time, I live in Tianjin Tianqingguan. The inscription "Juanjiangyue" is another name for Nian Nujiao. When Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem, the struggle against Yuan had failed, and he himself became a prisoner of the enemy. However, this poem is full of indomitable fighting spirit and lofty desire to despise powerful enemies. In artistic expression, in order to condense complex thoughts and feelings into refined language, Wen Tianxiang borrowed more allusions and artistic conception from previous poems. Facing the Yangtze River, which is connected by water and sky, I really hate God for not helping us and letting the Yuan Army defeat us. Spring has come, cuckoos are singing, and the sunset is slanting on the flowers, but how can I bear to see Nanjing destroyed by the Yuan Army? I don't know who can retaliate when I think that our women and precious cultural relics have been plundered by the enemy and even I myself have become a prisoner. How much I regret. Unfortunately, my sword thinks I'm a hero. The first three sentences recall the failure of Yuan's struggle. Here, I borrowed the allusion that Zhou Yu of the Three Kingdoms set fire to Cao Cao's fleet in Battle of Red Cliffs. It is said that it happened to meet the southeast wind, as if God intended to help Zhou Yu succeed. However, the army of the Southern Song Dynasty failed to resist the Yuan army by virtue of the natural barrier of the Yangtze River, as if God had helped. "Water and sky are one color" refers to the vast surface of the Yangtze River, which was originally a favorable condition for blocking the enemy. "Don't borrow", refused to help. "British affairs", heroes, here refers to the soldiers who resist the yuan. Write down what you saw and heard when you passed by Jinling, from "The Residual Photo of Wu Hua, a Shu Bird" to "Who hates this snow". "Shu bird" refers to Zigui, that is, cuckoo. According to legend, it was changed after the death of Shu Wang, and its cry was piercing. "Wuhua" refers to the flowers and plants of the State of Wu, and Jinling was the capital of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. "Afterglow" refers to the irradiation of the sunset. "Tongquetai Chun Qing" is a poem written by Du Mu in the Tang Dynasty: "The east wind is not convenient for Zhou Lang, and the Tongquetai locks Er Qiao in spring." It means that if Battle of Red Cliffs didn't help Zhou Yu from the southeast wind, Cao Cao's army would cross the Yangtze River, imprison the two sisters (Sun Ce and Zhou Yu's wife) and lock them in the famous bronze sparrow terrace built by Cao Cao. Du Mu's poems are just a hypothesis. However, when the Southern Song Dynasty perished, the concubines in the palace were indeed plundered by the Yuan Army, so Wen Tianxiang used "Chun Qing, a bronze bird" to refer to this historical fact. In Autumn Tears of the Golden Man, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once cast an immortal weighing 1,000 kilograms in copper in Chang 'an Palace, also known as the Golden Man. After the Han Dynasty, Wei Mingdi sent people to Chang 'an to move bronze men. It is said that the bronze man was unwilling to leave his hometown and shed tears. This refers to the fact that after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, precious cultural relics were looted by the Yuan Army. In a word, Wen Tianxiang passed through Jinling this time, and his eyes were full of broken scenes after the demise of the Jin people, and his heart was full of hatred. But he thought bitterly: he has been captured and it is difficult to regroup. Who can wash away this hatred and shame? "Open firm but gentle" is to regret your failure. The ancients said that a good sword has the essence of heaven. "Bullfighting" refers to the Big Dipper and Altair. "White Qi Jie", white I am a hero. These two sentences mean that the sword you are wearing is a good sword, but it's a pity that you have fallen into the enemy's hands and failed to live up to this good sword that you regard as Yingjie. The next paragraph reviews the hard experience of the struggle against Yuan and expresses the determination never to give in to friends. Looking back, not long ago, in order to fight against the Yuan army, I once crossed the sea by boat and went to the south to fight the anti-Yuan banner in order to get rid of the close surveillance of the enemy. Although I was later defeated and captured, I was determined to fight bravely and tenaciously with the enemy to maintain lofty national integrity, just as Lin Xiangru denounced the king of Qin and Zhuge Liang scared Sima Yi away. Thinking like this, I can't sleep anymore. It's so quiet around, only the lonely moon on Qinhuai River is accompanying me silently. The following three sentences "I believe in Jiang Hai all my life" are about how he escaped from Zhenjiang in 1276 and fled south by sea. "The letter", where I thought of. "genus", entrusted. "Jiang Hai spent the rest of his life traveling south to Wan Li" means that he fled to Tongzhou (now Nantong City, Jiangsu Province) first, and then went to sea by boat to continue his southward journey. "The rest of my life" is equivalent to a lifetime of survival. "Gull League" originally refers to making friends with seagulls, and here refers to Comrade Kang Yuan. "Zuiyan" originally refers to seeing things when drunk, and "leaving Zuiyan" refers to seeing things affectionately. "Sheng Tao Wu Yun" refers to the change of the war situation. These two sentences show that he went south to Wan Li in order to find his comrades. The following three sentences use two allusions: "Swallow a column and win". The story of "swallowing prizes with pillars" is similar to that of [lìn]. During the Warring States Period, the King of Qin offered fifteen cities in exchange for the beautiful jade of Zhao. Lin Xiangru was ordered by the prince of Zhao to send this jade to the State of Qin. Seeing that the king of Qin didn't have the sincerity to exchange fifteen cities for jade, he stood on the post with the jade in his hand and warned the king of Qin: If you want to seize the jade, you would rather hit it on the post! The king of Qin dared not take it. "Column column" means staring at the column obliquely. "Won [English], the surname of the king of Qin." "Swallow" means that Lin Xiangru was so angry that he seemed to swallow the king of Qin. "Going back to the flag once" is the story of Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang died in the army, and Sima Yi led the troops in pursuit. The Shu army suddenly returned to the division (back to the flag), scaring Sima Yi away. "Go" is to talk about "production ... escape". Tian Wenxiang used these two allusions to express his righteousness, not afraid of strong enemies, and never let go of them. "Rushing to the Crown through the ages" tells the story of Lin Xiangru rushing to the crown in a rage to warn the king of Qin thousands of years ago. The last two sentences return to reality, which means that everything mentioned above has become the past. At present, he is detained in the posthouse in Jinling, and only the lonely moon on the Qinhuai River accompanies him who can't sleep. "sleepless [maii]", can't sleep. Qinhuai River is a river that flows through Jinling. These two sentences show that although the reality is so cruel, the spirit of tenacious struggle still excites the author.