1. Psychological prevention and mental health
2. Psychological counseling
3. Diagnostic assessment
4. Behavior modification
5. Learning guidance
6. Career guidance
1. Psychological prevention and mental health
Psychological prevention, that is, to prevent students from all kinds of psychological and behavioral problems that may occur during school, so as to make them develop psychologically healthily and successfully complete their studies.
Psychologically, students should combine work and rest to keep healthy; Arrange the pace of life according to different grades or ages; Positive education is needed to guide students' emotional development; We should actively carry out adolescent health education (including sex education); According to the characteristics of students' temperament, personality and ability, we should teach students in accordance with their aptitude and give full play to their potential; It is necessary to prevent accidental casualties.
Psychological prevention and mental health problems are mainly solved through routine mental health education.
? ? 2. Psychological counseling
The original meaning means that people, especially those with mental disorders, have a correct understanding of their own environment through psychological consultation procedures and methods, so as to change their attitudes and behaviors and adapt to social life well.
The main targets of psychological counseling in schools are students, especially those "problem" children and adolescents and "school" disadvantaged children and adolescents, followed by parents and teachers.
Many parents and teachers misunderstand school psychological counseling, thinking that it is only for consulting students and has nothing to do with themselves.
In fact, many parents and teachers should also receive psychological counseling, because they do not educate their students or face problems properly.
Carrying out school psychological counseling is to help students learn to solve various problems in psychological development and serve various psychological obstacles. To achieve this goal, school counselors must get the cooperation of parents and teachers.
? ? 3. Diagnostic assessment
It refers to the process of describing, analyzing, classifying, identifying and evaluating students' individual psychological state, abnormal behavior or Zhang Qiqi and his growing environment according to certain theories and standards.
Diagnostic evaluation is a complete process including determining the purpose, observing the phenomenon, collecting data, asking the reasons and implementing comprehensive evaluation of measurement.
? 4. Behavior modification
Behavior correction is an important task and designated technology of school psychology.
Behavioral correction refers to psychological intervention in language, cognition, behavior and interpersonal relationship of students of different grades, aiming at helping students with moral deviance, learning difficulties, emotional frustration and social development to achieve normal development.
About 0.4%-2% middle school students suffer from school phobia to varying degrees.
? 5. Learning guidance
Refers to all kinds of activities carried out by using teaching materials to help students realize their educational value.
Including the arrangement of school content, the guidance of learning methods, the evaluation of academic performance and its feedback.
In particular, help students master learning strategies, choose learning methods in detail, let them learn to learn, and then learn according to good learning goals and learning processes, so as to acquire systematic knowledge and form certain abilities.
For study guidance, it is more about teaching students how to study and improving their abilities and skills than just improving their grades. With good learning goals and attitudes, students can learn and develop better, actively, sustainably and benignly, and have the spare capacity for lifelong learning.
? ? 6. Career guidance
That is, how to guide students to choose a suitable career.
Through psychological measurement and other means, students' personal ability, personality, physical strength, family, experience, etc. After being investigated, the requirements of various occupations for abilities and specialties are obtained through investigation and statistics, so as to provide students with career information and guide them to choose suitable occupations.
Help students discover their own characteristics, arouse their consideration of the future, point out opportunities and monitor the situation and progress of their work, so that students can correctly choose and engage in careers and give full play to their abilities and enthusiasm.
Regarding vocational guidance, you should enter junior high school. In these two stages, according to vocational guidance, timely diversion and drainage will be easy for students' parents and teachers to accept, which will be beneficial for them to choose vocational education or enter universities, and for them to finally enter society and work.
The above six aspects involve the main fields of students' mental health education, such as morality, study, success, choosing a job, making friends, health and life. The research and solution of these problems will certainly promote the healthy growth of children and adolescents.
The ultimate goal of school psychology research is to make children grow up healthily and happily and integrate into society.