1. Translation of the ancient text "Little Man"

1. Translation: During the Kangxi period, there was a craftsman carrying an urn, and there was a little man hidden in the urn. About feet high. People threw money to him, and he would open the lid and let the little man come out, sing a song, and then go back. When he arrived in Ye County, Shandong Province, the county magistrate of Ye County wanted to bring Yu into the county government and interrogate the villain's origins carefully. The villain didn't dare to say it at first. The county magistrate insisted on asking him, and then he told him his hometown and surname. It turns out that the villain was a boy who was studying. When he came home from school, he was abducted by him, fed drugs, and his limbs suddenly shrunk. So he took the child with him and used it as a prop to make money. When the county magistrate heard about it, he was furious and killed the artist.

2. Original text: "The Little Man" by Pu Songling in the Qing Dynasty

During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, there was an artist carrying an urn and hiding a little man about a foot long. If you put money in, the lid will be opened and the villain will come out, sing a song and then retreat. When he arrived at Ye (the name of an ancient county in present-day Shandong), he ordered the urn to be sent to the office to carefully examine the origin of the villain. I didn't dare to speak at first. After being asked to interrogate him, he described his hometown and clan. Gai, a boy who was studying, returned from school one day and met an artist on the road. He was fascinated by him and gave him medicine again, and his limbs shrank suddenly. He then took it with him and thought of it as a theatrical tool. In anger, the artist was killed with a stick.

Extended information

1. Knowledge of classical Chinese

Start. "Qi" is often interpreted as "kai", "open" and "fa" in classical Chinese. The above sentence "Open the lid to let the villain come out" means opening the lid to let the villain come out. "Opening a door" means opening the door; this book is named "Enlightenment Reader", where "enlightenment" originally refers to opening up ignorance. In popular terms, it means to enable beginners to obtain basic entry-level knowledge.

2. Introduction to the author

Pu Songling (June 5, 1640 - February 25, 1715), also known as Liuxian, also known as Jianchen, also known as Liuquan Jushi , known as Mr. Liaozhai in the world, and calls himself Yishi. He is now a native of Pujiazhuang, Hongshan Town, Zichuan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province.

Pu Songling was born into a gradually declining family of small and medium-sized landowners and businessmen. At the age of 19, he took the boy's examination and won the first place in the county, prefecture and road, and became famous for a while. Replenish doctoral disciples. After repeated attempts, he failed, and he did not become a Gongsheng student until he was 71 years old. Forced by life, in addition to being a guest of Sun Hui, the magistrate of Baoying County, who was from Tongyi for several years, he mainly worked as a private school teacher at the home of Bi Jiyou in Xipu Village, Xipu Village, where he worked hard with his tongue and pen for nearly 42 years until the 48th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign. (1709) Fang withdrew his account and returned home. 2. Are there any ancient texts or poems that describe strangers being friendly to others~

You have talents and I am not poor. - (Qing Dynasty) Zheng Banqiao

If you know someone who is close to you, you will be as close as you are to the end of the world. - (Tang Dynasty) Wang Bo

We are both fallen people at the end of the world, so why should we have known each other before. - (Tang Dynasty) Bai Juyi

Don’t worry about the road ahead because you are ignorant. No one in the world knows you. - (Tang Dynasty) Gao Shi

Nothing in the world is better than friends, and nothing better than talking about pleasant friends. - (Qing Dynasty) Pu Songling

The most important thing for people to know each other is to know each other, and the most important thing for people to know each other is to understand each other. - (Spring and Autumn Period) Mencius

The friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, while the friendship between villains is as sweet as wine.

- (Warring States) Zhuangzi

Those who are close to vermillion are red, and those who are close to ink are black. - (Western Jin Dynasty) Fu Xuan

Knowing each other is precious in life, so why use gold and money. - (Tang Dynasty) Li Bai

When making friends, keep your word. - (Spring and Autumn) Zi Xia

The friendship between common people and clothes should not be forgotten. - (Tang Dynasty) Li Yanshou

A gentleman and a gentleman are friends of the same way, and a villain and a villain are friends of the same interests. - (Song Dynasty) Ouyang Xiu

The joy of life lies in knowing each other. - (Song Dynasty) Wang Anshi

It is better to dissolve enemies than to make knots. Let each of us look back. - (Ming Dynasty) Feng Menglong

A hero in adversity. - (Qing Dynasty) Wei Xi

It is easy to get ten thousand taels of gold, but it is hard to find a close friend. - (Qing) Cao Xueqin

Change my heart for yours, and we will know each other and remember each other deeply.

- (Song Dynasty) Gu Xia

After Zhong Ziqi died, Boya stopped playing the piano for the rest of his life. - "Book of Han"

Mountains and rivers are not important, the important thing is to meet someone you know. - Bao Rong

When a man lives in the world, he should make friends with heroes from all over the world.

- "The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms. The Book of Shu. The Biography of Liu Ba"

A gentleman does not criticize others and does not commit blasphemy when asked by others. - "The Book of Changes"

If we know that we are all brothers everywhere, we will never meet old friends anywhere. - Chen Gangzhong

Friends are those who unite with each other through righteousness. - (Song Dynasty) Zhu Xi

Clothes are not as good as new, and people are not as good as before. - "Han Yuefu"

Working together to achieve economic success, always the same. - (Song Dynasty) Ouyang Xiu

Life and death are the foundation of friendship. One is poor and the other is rich, which is a state of acquaintance. One is noble and the other is humble, friendship is about seeing each other. - "Historical Records"

Unspoken hearts are drunk and no longer receive a glass of wine. - (Jin Dynasty) Tao Yuanming

There are no young or old people in a life-long friendship, so why should we first agree with each other when talking about friendship? - (Tang Dynasty) Du Fu

We can never meet each other, but we will remember each other again. - (Tang Dynasty) Bai Juyi

Friendships in life are made at the end and at the beginning, not in the ups and downs. - (Tang Dynasty) Helan Jinming

Have fun today, and don’t forget each other after we say goodbye. - (Three Kingdoms) Cao Zhi

There are many people who know each other all over the world, and how many people can know each other well. - (Ming Dynasty) Feng Menglong

Young people enjoy knowing each other, but in old age they miss their old friends. - (Tang Dynasty) Han Yu

One is noble and the other is humble. - King Luo Bin (Tang Dynasty)

Knowing each other is of no use in times of crisis. - (Tang Dynasty) Li Bai

Toss him with papaya and embrace him with Qiong Yao. It is always good to be rewarded by bandits. - "The Book of Songs"

The most valuable thing in life is to know oneself, and to meet flesh and blood relatives from all over the world. - "Yanmen Collection"

Friends who agree with each other will never tire of their affection, and close friends will talk to each other. - (Ming Dynasty) Feng Menglong

When two people work together, their sharpness can break through metal. - "Book of Changes. Xi Ci"

The baby is whining, please ask for his friend's voice. - "The Book of Songs. Xiaoya"

It's great to have new acquaintances. - (Warring States) Qu Yuan

A friend who cut his throat to death. - "Book of Han. The Biography of Zhuge Feng"

A close friend is rare in the world. - (Tang Dynasty) Meng Haoran

I miss my friends so much. - "The Analects of Confucius. Zilu"

Courtesy should be reciprocated. - "Book of Rites. Quli"

A gentleman uses literature to make friends, and friends to support benevolence. - "The Analects of Confucius. Yan Yuan"

Those who make friends with money will lose their friendship when all their wealth is gone; those who make friends with sex will lose their beauty and love you. - "Warring States Policy"

When the severe cold comes, frost and snow fall, you will know how luxuriant the pines and cypresses are. - "Huainanzi"

Those who unite with power will have their power exhausted and separated. - "Historical Records"

Horsepower can be seen from a distance, and people's hearts can be seen from time to time. - "Selected Songs of the Yuan Dynasty. Strive to repay kindness"

We know each other no matter how far we are, but we are still neighbors thousands of miles apart. - (Tang Dynasty) Zhang Jiuling

When we meet, we smile, and when we see each other, we cry. - (Tang Dynasty) Wang Wei

The water in Peach Blossom Pond is a thousand feet deep, not as deep as Wang Lun’s gift to me. - (Tang Dynasty) Li Bai

Friendship becomes closer as time goes by. - (Tang Dynasty) Du Fu

Although there are brothers, it is better to have friends.

- "Baopuzi. Communication"

A gentleman is as light as water, and his love becomes truer with time. Small people are like honey, and in a blink of an eye they are like enemies

Choose whatever you want. 3. What are the classical Chinese texts that describe "people's moral corruption"

1. "The Song of the Villain"

Shao Yong of the Song Dynasty

A villain has no integrity and abandons his roots. By the end.

Think about it with joy, and think about it with anger.

Translation Why should a gentleman behave like a villain (certain behaviors)? The villain is like grass that goes away and grows again (there are many villains).

I hope you all understand this and stop fighting like this.

2. "The Song of the Villain"

Shao Yong of the Song Dynasty

The villain values ????profit and despise death.

If you are not afraid of people's execution, you will not care about material discussions.

Translation villain ***, profit is more important than death, and a person who is not even afraid of being killed, can he still be afraid of other people's opinions?

3. "Making Friends"

Mengjiao, Tang Dynasty

Casting mirrors must be made of bronze, which is easy to polish. Making friends with villains from far away is difficult for villains to tolerate.

The cast mirror is small, and the friendship map is dependent on each other. Any copper cannot be reflected, and the villain is full of right and wrong.

The translation compares the bronze mirror to a gentleman and the ordinary copper to a villain, which means that when making friends, you should make friends with people you can rely on and trust, and you should be close to a gentleman and far away from a villain.

4. "Reading Baiji in Winter: Love the Poor and the Strong and the Patriots on Days of Sickness"

Lu You of the Song Dynasty

The disasters of the Han Dynasty began with relatives, and the chaos of the Tang Dynasty Jihuan Temple.

The villain has his own plans, so he blames others.

The public minister is afraid of the opportunity, and Guanhe is in danger.

Cao Mao Is there no one who clings to the ambition of managing the world?

Translation The troubles of the Han Dynasty originated from the usurpation of power by relatives, while the troubles of the Tang Dynasty originated from the eunuchs. These little people are morally corrupt and bring trouble to the court. None of his anti-gold suggestions were adopted, and he was attacked by the peace faction. He was laid off from his job for a long time and lived idle in Shangrao and Qianshan, Jiangxi. In his later years, Han Yuzhou came to power and was appointed to the post for a time, but soon died of illness. It's a pity that I live in this thatched hut with no ambition to serve the country.

5. "The Gentleman Follows Heaven's Luck"

Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty

The Gentleman follows Heaven's Luck and can predict the four seasons in advance. The villain only knows what he encounters, and cannot be affected by cold or heat. Expect.

Advantages and disadvantages have constant trends, and choices are uncertain. How can I make my heart bright and far away from worries and doubts?

Translation: A gentleman believes in destiny and has a sense of destiny in the four seasons. A villain with bad morals believes in opportunity and cannot have a deep sense of the world of solar terms. There are always pros and cons in life, and there is no certain standard for people to choose between them. How can I make my heart as beautiful as the bright moon and stay away from these doubts? 4. The original text of "Little Man" in the Classical Chinese Enlightenment Reader Urgent

Original text: During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, an artist carried an urn and hid a little man about a foot long.

If you throw in money, the lid will be opened and the villain will come out and sing a song before retreating. When he arrived at Ye (the name of an ancient county in present-day Shandong), he ordered the urn to be sent to the office to carefully examine the origin of the villain.

I didn’t dare to speak at first. After being asked to interrogate him, he described his hometown and clan.

Gai was a boy who was studying. When he returned from school one day, he met an artist on the road. He was fascinated by it and gave him medicine again, and his limbs shrank suddenly. He then took it with him and thought of it as a theatrical tool.

The emperor was angry and killed the artist with a stick. Translation: During the Kangxi period, there was a charlatan sorcerer who brought a device with a small man about a foot long hidden inside.

If you give the warlock money, he will open the instrument, let the villain come out, sing a song, and then return it. When they arrived at Ye, the county magistrate of Ye took the warlock in and interrogated him carefully about how he came to be.

The sorcerer did not dare to say it at first, but after repeated questioning by the county magistrate, he revealed that he was from the countryside. The villain was a child who was studying. He came home from a private school and was bewitched by a warlock. Then he took medicine and his limbs shrunk. He then took the villain with him as a performance tool.

The county magistrate was angry and beat the warlock to death with a stick. 5. Tell the story of the ungrateful villain in classical Chinese

The original text and translated paragraphs of The Legend of the Wolf of Zhongshan are explained in the original text. Zhao Jianzi (a senior official of the Jin Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn Period) hunted in Zhongshan, and the Yu people (officials in charge of the mountains and rivers) In front of the leader, eagles and dogs follow behind, and there are countless birds and beasts of prey that fall in response to the string.

When a wolf is in the way, a man stands up and crows. Jianzi easily boarded the chariot and picked up Wuhao's bow (the legendary Yellow Emperor's bow.

When the Yellow Emperor was ascending to heaven on a dragon, a bow dropped. The people held the bow and cried, so later generations named this bow " 'Uhao'.

(from "Historical Records") with a Sushen arrow (a minority in the northeast of our country, the arrows made are very famous, and one is used as a tribute), and with one shot of feathers, the wolf lost its voice and bū (pronounced bū, escape).

Jianzi was angry and drove him away. Shocking dust covered the sky, footsteps thundered, and no man or horse could be distinguished ten steps away.

Translator Zhao Jianzi went hunting in Zhongshan with great fanfare. The officials who watched the mountain led the way, and the eagles and hunting dogs lined up behind. Agile birds and ferocious beasts responded to the sound of strings and died invincibly. number. There was a wolf on the road, standing there howling like a man.

Jianzi spat until his hands were full, jumped into the car, picked up his treasured bow, nocked a sharp arrow, and shot the arrow until the feathers were embedded in his flesh. The wolf howled and ran away. Jianzi was angry and drove his car to chase it.

The raised dust covered the sky and the sun, the sound of horse hooves was like thunder, and people and horses could not be seen clearly from ten steps away. Original text Mr. Dongguo, the poet of that time, will move to Zhongshan in the north to serve as an official.

Ce Jian (pronunciation jiǎn, lame, lame) is a donkey with a bag of books. Su (morning) went astray and looked at the dust in shock. When the wolf was dying (pronounced yǎn, suddenly), he looked up and asked: "Sir, do you have any ambition to help people? In the past, Mao Bao released a turtle and he was able to cross it (it is said that Mao Bao, the governor of Prezhou in the Jin Dynasty, once put a small white turtle into the river, and later Mao was defeated by Shi Le and jumped into the river, but survived with the help of a white turtle.

See "Xu Shen Ji"), the Sui Marquis rescued the snake and got the pearl (it is said that the Sui Marquis once cured an injured snake. , The snake held a big pearl in the river as a reward. (See "Huainanzi") The tortoise and the snake are more powerful than the wolf. Why don't I have to catch it early to survive, sir? The grace of life and death is the same as flesh and bone, dare not to work hard to imitate the sincerity of the tortoise and the snake!" Translation At that time, Mr. Dong Guo, a Mohist scholar, was coming to Zhongshan in the north to seek an official position.

Driving a lame donkey with a bag full of books, I lost my way early in the morning and was very frightened when I saw the dust rising. The wolf suddenly came, looked at him with his head stretched out and said: "Sir, you must be determined to save the world, right? In the past, Mao Bao released the little white turtle. When the army was defeated and fell into the river, the white turtle helped him to cross the river and survive. Sui Marquis I got the orb after saving a snake. Turtles and snakes are not as spiritual as wolves. In today's situation, why don't I just stay in the bag and survive? How could I not try to imitate the tortoise and snake's sincerity (to repay each other) by saving lives and making bones grow flesh?" Mr. Yuan Wen said: "You are a wolf who offends the world's nobles and disobeys the powerful. Misfortunes are unexpected, so I dare to hope for retribution! Huh? The principle of Mo is based on universal love, and I will always be able to save you.

Even if there is disaster, I will not hesitate to do so. , bag) slowly Yan Shi wolf among them.

The front is Yu (worry) and Ba (step on, step on) the Hu (here refers to the chin), and the back is fear of the tail (pronounced zhì, pressure), and the three accept it but fail to overcome it (success). Wandering and tolerant (the original meaning is leisurely and leisurely, here it means leisurely), the pursuer will get closer.

The wolf asked: "It's urgent! Mr. Guo will bow (bow, salute) and be humble (humility, courteous) to save the fire (fire) and drown (drowning) and ring the luan (the car's luan bell) to avoid Are you a bandit? Please take a quick picture! ) Qu, the snake is coiled and the tortoise is breathing, in order to obey the orders of Mr. As he pointed out, the master put the wolf in the bag, then tied the mouth of the bag tightly, lifted it on the donkey on his shoulders, and guided him to the left side of the road to wait for the Zhao people to pass by.

The translator said: "You have offended the hereditary ministers and disobeyed the powerful, and there will be unforeseen disasters. How can you expect repayment? However, the purpose of Mohism is fraternity. I will definitely save your life." Even if there is misfortune, I don't intend to avoid it."

He took out the book (from the bag), empty the bag and slowly put the wolf into it. The front was afraid of stepping on its chin, and the back was afraid of pressing its tail. I tried pretending to be it but failed.

Slowly, the pursuer got closer.

The wolf begged: "It's an urgent matter! Do you really want to put out fires and save drowning people in such a polite way, or ring car bells to avoid thieves? Sir, please do it quickly!" Then he curled up his limbs and took the rope. Sir) tied up the bag, lowered his head to the tail, arched his back and buried his chin, curled up like a hedgehog, bent like a moth chrysalis, curled up like a snake and held his breath like a tortoise, let Sir (do it).

The gentleman followed its instructions and put the wolf in the bag. He tied the mouth of the bag tightly, put it on the donkey's back, retreated to the roadside, and waited for Zhao Jianzi's people to pass by. The original text is already here. Jian Zi arrived and begged the wolf for help. He was so angry that he drew his sword and chopped off the shaft to show his husband, scolding him: "Whoever dares to hide the direction of the wolf will have such a shaft!" The gentleman laid his body on the ground and crawled forward. Zhi (pronounced jì, long kneeling) said: "I am not wise. I am determined to live in the world, travel far and wide, and lose my way. How can I be an eagle and dog that can send out wolf tracks to guide the master? But I heard this:' If the road is too divergent, the sheep will die.

'A sheep can be tamed by a boy, but if it is so tame, it will die because of the differences; wolves are not as good as sheep, and the differences in Zhongshan can kill sheep. ? Is it just to follow the road to seek it? Isn't it just hunting in the field? What does the Yu people do? Please tell me the hat (the hat worn by the Yu people refers to the Yu people). What's wrong with you? Even though I'm stupid, I don't know that my husband is a wolf. He is greedy and ruthless. If you can get rid of him, you should definitely be able to do it. It's enough for me to do a small job, but I'm willing to keep silent about it!" Jian Zi was silent and returned to the car.

The gentleman also drives the donkey forward. Not long after the translation, Jianzi arrived. He looked for the wolf but could not find it. He was very angry. He drew his sword and cut off the top of the chariot shaft to show it to his husband. He cursed: "Anyone who dares to conceal the direction of the wolf is like this chariot shaft!" The gentleman lay down on the ground and crawled. Moving forward, he kept kneeling and said: "I am not very smart, (but) I am determined to contribute to the world. I travel far away and lose my way. How can I find the traces of wolves to point them to your eagle dogs? However, I I once heard: "Sheep are lost because of the many side roads." A child can tame a sheep, but it is lost because of the many side roads. 6. Which ancient poems and articles describe the success of villains and their reliance on deception

Poems that satirize the success of villains:

1. Feelings

Song Zhanchu

The world is coming to an end, and people's feelings are even more different.

Snobbishness is the pursuit of power, and flattery is the trend. >

The flattery is coming, but the trend is gone.

The villain is proud of his ambition, and the gentleman wants to return home.

He cannot bear to live in a turbulent world.

Keeping me humble behind closed doors, I can live in peace.

Being snobbish can lead to disaster in the future.

It is better to stay humble and be honest.

Therefore, the three nobles are not easy to follow.

2. The Journey of Beauty

Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty

The weather is new on March 3, by the waterside of Chang'an. A beautiful woman.

Her appearance is gentle and sincere, her texture is delicate and her flesh is even.

Her embroidered clothes shine in the late spring, and she has a golden peacock and a silver unicorn on her head. What are you looking for?

What can you see from behind? The great states of Guo and Qin are famous.

The green cauldron emerges from the peak of the purple camel, and the crystal plate is covered with plain scales.

The flying horses in Huangmen are immovable, and the royal chefs are sending eight treasures.

The flutes and drums are mournful, and the guests are confused.

What happened to the pommel and horses later. When patrolling, Dangxuan dismounts and enters the Jinyin.

The poplars and snow are covered with white apples, and the blue birds fly away with their red scarfs in their hands. /p>

3. The Rat and the Wind

The Rat has skin, but humans have no manners.

If a person has no manners, what is the point of not dying?

Rats have teeth, but humans have teeth. There is no end to human beings, why wait until death?

Rats are physical, but humans are rude. If a person is rude, why will he die?

A gentleman is magnanimous, but a villain is always concerned.

4. The Villain's Song

Shaoyong of the Song Dynasty

The villain has no integrity, abandoning the basic and chasing the last.

Think about it with joy, and think about it with anger.

5. Make friends

Mengjiao of Tang Dynasty

The cast mirror must be made of bronze, which is easy to polish. If you make friends with people who are far away from you, they will be hard to tolerate.

The mirror-casting illustrations are microscopic, and the friendship diagrams depend on each other. No copper can shine, as villains are full of right and wrong.

6. Twenty poems for spring posts. Six poems for emperors.

Ouyang Xiu of the Song Dynasty

When yang advances, a gentleman will be promoted, and when yin fades, a villain will be promoted.

The Holy King governs from the south and administers policies and laws in the new year.

7. Chapter 175

Song Wen Tianxiang

The villain is sleepy and galloping, but the young man is brave and energetic.

How can I follow Ru Cao when the world is in doubt?

8. Reading the Baiji in winter: "Love the poor and the strong, the lofty ideals, the sick and the good"

Song Dynasty Lu You

The Han Dynasty brought disaster to his relatives, and the Tang Dynasty brought chaos to the Jihuan Temple.

The villain has his own agenda, so he is referring to other things.

The public minister is afraid of the situation, and Guanhe is in danger.

How can there be no one in Cao Mao, clinging to the ambition of managing the world?

9. The Virtue of Wine

Mengjiao of Tang Dynasty

Wine is an ancient mirror, tearing open the hearts of little people. When you are drunk, you see strange behaviors and when you are drunk, you hear strange sounds.

The merits of wine are so many, and the wine demerits are also profound. The sinner is exempted from sin, this is a proverb.

10. A gentleman follows destiny

Tang Hanyu

A gentleman follows destiny and can predict the four seasons. The only thing a villain encounters is that the cold and heat cannot be expected.

Advantages and disadvantages have constant trends, but choices are uncertain. How can I make my heart bright and clear, full of worries and doubts