Story (1) One of Yuan Shao's disciples was named Cui Yan. He liked to practice martial arts since he was a child. He didn't start reading "The Analects of Confucius" and "Korean Poems" until he was 23 years old, and sought lessons from his teachers. Because of his hard work, his knowledge gradually increased. At that time, Yuan Shao's soldiers were very cruel and dug up graves to expose the bones. Cui Yan persuaded Yuan Shao not to do this. Yuan Shao thought he was right and made him the Cavalry Commander. Later, Cui Yan followed Cao Cao and gave many ideas to Cao Cao. When he was the minister, Cao Cao wanted to make Cao Zhi his heir, but Cui Yan objected. He said: "The rule since ancient times is to make the eldest son, how can we make Cao Zhi?" Cao Zhi is Cui Yan's niece and son-in-law, even though he is a relative, he also He was not partial, and Cao Cao admired his fairness very much. Cui Yan had a cousin named Cui Lin. He had no achievements or fame when he was young. His relatives and friends looked down on him, but Cui Yan valued him very much. Cui Yan often said to people: "It takes a long time for a talented person to become a great person. Cui Lin will definitely become a great person in the future." Later, Cui Lin indeed became the chief secretary of Yizhou and the censor Zhongcheng, and also served as Sikong under Emperor Wen of Wei. Interpretation of Daqi: In ancient times, it referred to valuable utensils, but now it is a metaphor for great talents. Late: long term. into: made. The original meaning is that precious utensils require long-term carving to be made (this sentence is changed to: The original meaning is that the larger the casting (such as a tripod, a bell), the longer the cooling and solidification time required. If the cooling time is long enough, the casting can be "Made into a device"). Now it means that people who can take on important responsibilities have to go through long-term training, so they achieve success late. Source: "Laozi" Chapter 41: "A generous person has no corners and a late bloomer." Story (2) At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a man named Cui Yan who had good swordsmanship and especially liked to make friends. However, some people think that he is uneducated and has no knowledge except how to wield a sword and stick. Once, he went to visit a very knowledgeable man. The master asked the butler to come out and tell him: "The master is concentrating on studying and has no time to chat." Cui Yan knew that he thought he was ignorant and felt extremely ashamed. He secretly made up his mind to do it. You must study hard and become a person who can be both literary and military. From then on, Cui Yan humbly studied under his master, and his knowledge gradually increased. Yuan Shao, who dominated the north at that time, recruited him as an adviser. After Yuan Shao was destroyed by Cao Cao, Cao Cao had heard about Cui Yan's talents for a long time and persuaded Cui Yan to submit to him. In Cao Cao's base camp, Yecheng (today's Ye Town, Linzhang), Cui Yan came up with many ideas and was highly regarded by Cao Cao. Once, Cao Cao and Cui Yan discussed and wanted to make their youngest son Cao Zhi the crown prince. Cui Yan said: "Since ancient times, the elders have been established instead of the young. When you established Cao Zhi, Cao Pi was dissatisfied, and the ministers were not convinced either. This has sown the root of disaster. Throughout ancient and modern times, fratricide has been caused by the abandonment of the elders and the establishment of the young. Is it too little? Please think twice, my lord!" In fact, Cao Zhi is Cui Yan's niece and son-in-law, but even though they are relatives, Cui Yan does not show favoritism. Cao Cao admired Cui Yan's fairness very much. ? Cui Yan has a cousin named Cui Lin. Cui Lin accomplished nothing when he was young, and his relatives and friends looked down upon him. However, Cui Yan valued him very much. Based on his own experience, he often told people: "It takes a long time for people with great talent to become successful (late bloomers). Cui Lin will definitely become a great talent in the future." It's a good thing." Later, Cui Lin became a high official. The original meaning of this idiom is that great talents need to go through long-term training before they can achieve success. Now refers to people who become famous later. The source is Chen Shou of Jin Dynasty's "Three Kingdoms·Book of Wei·Biography of Cui Yan".

China

Jiang Ziya

Jiang Shang

Jiang Shang, famous, Lu family, named Ziya, or simply Huya. Also known as Lu Shang, he was called "Tai Gong Wang" because he was the founder of Qi State, and was commonly known as Jiang Tai Gong. People from the East China Sea. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, he was named "Taishi" (name of military officer) by King Wen of Zhou and was respected as "Master Shangfu". He assisted King Wen and consulted with "Jian Shang". Later, he assisted King Wu of Zhou to destroy the Shang Dynasty. He was granted the title of Qi due to his meritorious service and became the founder of Qi in the Zhou Dynasty. He is the most famous statesman, military strategist and strategist in Chinese history.

According to legend, Jiang Shang's ancestors were nobles, and he was an official during the Shun period. He was granted the title of Lu (now Nanyang, Henan Province) due to his meritorious service, so he became the Lu family and named Lu Shang. The surnames in ancient China were the product of the matrilineal clan, so the "surname" meant "girls". Later, men were the main surnames and surnames were added. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States, there were more and more surnames, and the surnames and surnames gradually merged into two. Weiyi is what is now called the surname.

Later, his family fell into decline and he became a poor man by the time of Jiang Shang. In order to make a living, Jiang Shang slaughtered cattle and sold meat in Chaoge, the Shang capital (now Qixian County, Henan Province) when he was young, and then went to Mengjin (now northeastern Mengjin County, Henan Province) to sell wine. Although he was poor, he had great ambitions, studied hard, and tirelessly studied and explored ways to govern and rejuvenate the country, hoping that one day he would be able to make great achievements and serve the country.

It was not until his later years that he finally got the opportunity to display his talents.

At that time, it was the period of decline of the Yin and Shang dynasties, a great eastern country. King Zhou of the Yin Dynasty was tyrannical and immoral, and his government was corrupt, the society was dark, the economy was in ruins, the people were in dire straits, and there were many complaints. As for the Zhou Kingdom in the west, because Xibo Jichang (later King Wen of Zhou) advocated benevolent government, developed the economy, and implemented the policy of building a country through diligence and thrift and enriching the people, the society was clear and clear, people's hearts were stable, and the country was getting stronger. Jiang Shang, who was full of ambition, learned that Ji Chang was seeking talented people from all over the world in order to govern and rejuvenate the country, so he resolutely left the Shang Dynasty and came to the Western Zhou territory on the shores of the Wei River. He lived in Feng River and fished all day long. Changes in the world are waiting to come out. One day, while Jiang Shang was fishing in Fenxi River, he happened to meet Jichang, the Xibo who was also hunting. The two met unexpectedly and had a very good conversation. Ji Chang saw that Jiang Shang was knowledgeable and well-versed in history and current affairs, so he asked him for advice on how to govern and rejuvenate the country. Jiang Shang immediately put forward the theory of "three constants": "One is that the king should promote the virtuous as a rule, and the other is that officials should appoint officials. The third principle is to respect the virtuous. This means that in order to govern and rejuvenate a country, we must put virtuous people first and pay attention to discovering and utilizing talents. Ji Chang was very happy after hearing this and said: "My ancestor Taigong predicted: 'When a saint comes to Zhou, Zhou will prosper.' Are you that saint? My Taigong has been looking forward to his son (Mr. Hope) for a long time!" So Ji Chang Chang personally helped Jiang Shang onto the chariot, and together they returned to the palace and worshiped him as Taishi, calling him "Tai Gongwang". From then on, heroes have a place to play.

Su Laoquan, twenty-seven. Begin to get angry and read books

"Three Character Classic"

Su Xun, nicknamed Laoquan.

Name: Su Xun

Also known as: Hao Laoquan, courtesy name Mingyun

Gender: Male

Years of birth and death: 1009-1066

Dynasty: Song Dynasty

Literary Period: Song Dynasty Literature

School: Three Su, Tang and Song Dynasties Eight Great Masters

Representative Works: On the Balance of Power and Books

Contemporaneous writers: Zeng Gong, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Su Che

Writer’s Life

Writer’s Life

Su Xun ( 1009～1066)

Essayist of the Northern Song Dynasty. Together with his sons Su Shi and Su Che, they are collectively known as the "Three Sus" and are both included in the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". The courtesy name is Mingyun and the nickname is Laoquan. A native of Meishan, Meizhou (now part of Sichuan). It is said that he only started studying hard at the age of 27. After more than ten years of studying hard behind closed doors, he made great progress in his studies. In the first year of Renzong Jiayou's reign (1056), he led Su Shi and Su Zhe to Bianjing to pay a visit to Ouyang Xiu, a Hanlin scholar. Ouyang Xiu admired his "Book of Quan", "Lun of Heng", "Several Strategies" and other articles, and thought they were comparable to those of Jia Yi and Liu Xiang, so he recommended them to the court. At that time, officials and officials rushed to recite it, and its reputation became very popular. In the third year of Jiayou's reign, Renzong summoned him to take the examination in Sherenyuan. He refused to answer the call because he was ill. In the fifth year of Jiayou's reign, he was appointed as secretary and provincial school secretary. Later, he and Yao □, the county magistrate of Chenzhou Xiangcheng (now part of Henan), studied the book of rites "Taichang Yinge Li". Shortly after the book was completed, he died and was given posthumously to the Prime Minister of Guanglu Temple.

Su Xun is a person with political ambitions. He said that the main purpose of his composition was to "express what is important in the world today" and to "give it to the present." In important treatises such as "Heng Lun" and "Letter from the Emperor", he put forward a set of propositions for political innovation. He believes that in order to govern the country well, we must "assess the situation" and "determine what we want to do." He advocated "promoting prestige", strengthening the administration of officials, breaking the stubbornness and laziness, inspiring the enterprising spirit of the people in the world, and revitalizing the Song Dynasty. Because Su Xun had a good understanding of social reality and was good at summarizing historical experiences and lessons and drawing lessons from the past, although his political essays inevitably contained far-fetched and biased views, many of his views were still relevant to the current situation.

Zeng Gong said that Su Xun was "quite fond of talking about military affairs." Su Xun's 10 "Book of Quan", the "Jiu Enemy" chapter in "Several Strategies", the "Royal General" and "Military System" chapters in "Heng Lun", as well as the "Book of the Privy Council of Shanghan", "Control of the Enemy" " and "Book of the Emperor" both discussed military issues. In the famous "On the Six Kingdoms", he believed that the failure of the Six Kingdoms was caused by bribing Qin. In fact, he used the past to satirize the present and accused the Song Dynasty of its humiliating policies. "Examination of the Enemy" further reveals that the essence of this policy of bribing the enemy is to harm the people. "Military System" puts forward ideas such as reforming the military system, restoring military examinations, and trusting generals. "Book of Power" systematically studies strategic and tactical issues. In "Xiang Ji", he pointed out Xiang Ji's strategic mistake of not taking advantage of the victory to attack Xianyang.

He also emphasized strategic and tactical principles such as avoiding the real and attacking the weak, attacking the weak with the strong, making good use of surprise and suspicious troops, fighting a decisive battle quickly, and winning by surprise.

Su Xun’s lyrical prose is not many, but there are also excellent chapters. In "Sending Shi Changyan to the North as Envoy", he hoped that his friend Shi Changyan, who was on an envoy to Khitan, would not be afraid of violence, despise the enemy, and write in an imposing manner. "Portraits of Zhang Yizhou" narrates Zhang Fangping's deeds in governing Yizhou, creating an image of a feudal official who was tolerant of government and loved the people. "Wooden Rockery" uses objects to express feelings, praising a kind of self-reliance and upright spirit.

Su Xun's prose has clear arguments, powerful arguments, sharp language, unbridled and eloquent persuasion. Ouyang Xiu praised him for his "eloquent and magnificent arguments", "up and down, up and down, in and out, must be deep and subtle before stopping" ("Epitaph of Su Jun, the Chief Secretary of Wen'an County, Bazhou"); Zeng Gong also commented that his articles "point to things" "Analysis of principles, introduction of metaphors", "Annoyance can not cause chaos, wantonness can not flow" ("Su Mingyun's Lament"), these statements are relatively pertinent. The artistic style is mainly majestic and full of changes. Some articles are known for their twists and turns. In "Shangtian Privy Book", Su Xun also commented that his writing has "the excellence and softness of a poet, the purity and profundity of a poet, the gentleness and simplicity of Meng and Han, the majesty of Qian and Gu, and the simplicity and simplicity of Sun and Wu." The language of his articles is simple and concise, concise and meaningful; but sometimes he can elaborate and compare, and is especially good at making vivid metaphors. For example, "Brother Zhong Zi Wenfu Shuo" uses Feng Shui to describe a natural description, that is, An example.

Su Xun’s essays also contain many insightful insights. He opposed the flashy and weird contemporary prose and advocated the study of ancient prose; he emphasized that articles should "get my heart" and write "what is in my heart"; he advocated that articles should be "written with purpose" and "words must reflect the faults of the world." He also discussed the common requirements and different writing methods of different literary styles. He is particularly good at evaluating the styles and artistic features of various prose works through comparison. For example, "The First Book of Ouyang Neihan" has very accurate comments on the articles of Mencius, Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu.

Su Xun did not write many poems, but he was good at writing about the Five Ancients, which was simple and vigorous. Ye Mengde, a native of the Song Dynasty, commented that his poems are "profound and interesting, and his words are not in vain, just like his prose" ("Shilin Poetry Talk"). His "Ouyang Yongshu White Rabbit", "Yishan Farewell", "Yan Shu", "Reply to the Second Ren", "Two Poems of Farewell to Wu Daizhi Zhong Fuzhi Tanzhou", etc. are all excellent works, but their overall achievements are far behind. inferior to prose.

Su Xun's works were popular in many editions during the Song Dynasty. Most of them were originally lost. What survives today are the fragments of the "Collected Works of Lao Su, Lei Bian Zengguang" published in the Northern Song Dynasty. The popular editions include the shadow version of the Song Dynasty "Sibu Congkan" and the 15 volumes of "Jiayou Collection".

Chen Zi'ang, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, did not study hard in his early years, and even "unknown books at the age of eighteen" were 18 years old and he still knew nothing about knowledge. \To change his course and catch up urgently, a strong force is needed Mental motivation requires decisive decisions. Sure enough, soon after being educated by his parents, once he repented and entered a rural school to study, he "resolutely determined" to refuse followers and specialize in literary classics. Finally, after several years of studying, he became a talent in one fell swoop.

In addition, Ma Yin, King Wumu of Chu during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, only ascended the throne at the age of 76. He was the youngest and oldest emperor in history when he ascended the throne. He also worked as a carpenter when he was young, so he was a late bloomer.

Abroad

1. Churchill was one of the greatest politicians of the 20th century and served as the British Prime Minister during World War II.

Churchill once gave up the idea of ??going to college because of his poor grades. He transferred to the Army Military Academy and failed twice. He finally passed the third time.

Churchill was very naughty when he was a boy, and his likes and dislikes in subjects were very obvious. A female head teacher in his primary school said: My impression of Churchill there was that this short, red-faced child was the naughtiest child in the class. I even thought he was the biggest naughty kid not only in the class, but in the world.

He was admitted to Harlow School (a long-established public secondary school in the UK) with the lowest grades.

There is another secret about Churchill's entry into Harlow School - in the entrance examination, Churchill's Latin test answer only had one letter and a stain of pen water, so he certainly failed. However, the principal said that he was qualified and allowed him to enroll. The principal's reason is: Randolph's son is definitely not that kind of inferior student.

At Harlow School, he particularly disliked learning classical languages ??such as Greek and Latin, and his grades always failed.

When Churchill recalled his experience at Harlow School, he said: My teachers seemed to have trouble judging what I was doing when they thought that I was reading such difficult books at such a young age and my grades were so poor. Is it precocious or mentally retarded?

2. The great British writer Walter Scott, the originator of modern historical novels, was the last child in school when he was a child.

One day, after becoming famous, Scott visited his childhood alma mater. The visit of writer Scott caused a great sensation in the school. Everyone warmly welcomed and received him. Scott watched as he walked around the campus. Suddenly, he asked the teachers: Can you tell me who is the worst kid in this school?

The teachers felt very embarrassed, but had no choice but to call a student over and introduce to Scott: This child is the child with the worst grades in the school. The primary school student lowered his head with a red face.

Scott approached the student, stroked his head, and said: Are you the student with the worst grades in the school? However, you are a good child, and you are faithfully guarding the students for me now. In my former position. After saying this, he took out the gold coin from his pocket and gave it to the child.

3. "World Hero, Conqueror Napoleon", the great military strategist and French Emperor Napoleon had poor grades when he was studying in school. He graduated from the Military School in Paris at the age of 16, and his academic performance was only ranked first. Forty-two. According to legend, during his studies in school, except for mathematics, his performance in other subjects was very poor. It is said that throughout his life, he could not speak or write accurately, whether it was French or other foreign languages. He was short in stature and had an ugly head shape. When he was a child, everyone in his family thought that this child would have no future. In fact, Napoleon was a willful and rude child in his childhood.

4. Albert Einstein was the greatest scientist of the 20th century and caused a great revolution in physics. He spoke very late when he was a child. When he was 4 years old, his parents even thought that "this child's intellectual development is too slow." Until the age of 9, Einstein could not speak fluently. After going to school, his father heard from the teacher that he was mentally retarded, unsociable, and had no merit. The teachers contemptuously called him "idiot." At the age of 14, his uncle asked his father's permission to teach him algebra and geometry, and his efforts were successful.

5. Edison is the most amazing inventor in modern times and one of the most famous foreigners in the hearts of us Chinese. He invented more than 1,300 types of telegraphs, telephones, incandescent lamps, phonographs, wireless telegraphs, movie projectors, electric railways, X-ray fluoroscopy, etc. When he was a child studying, his teacher once scolded him: You are such a stinky person! Because Edison's head was tilted, the doctor said: The brain inside was also damaged. The mother had no choice but to take the child home and teach him to learn by herself.

6. James Watt, the inventor of the steam engine, is also one of the greatest inventors in the world. His contribution to mankind is as great as Einstein and Edison. When Watt was in elementary school, most teachers thought he didn't like studying and commented on him: he was an inferior student.

After graduating from elementary school, Watt worked in the small workshop run by his father. He is ingenious and his skills are improving rapidly. At the age of 18, he determined to make some achievements in manufacturing scientific instruments, so he came to London and worked as an apprentice in a scientific instrument manufacturer for a year.