1. Classical Chinese idioms and stories about making friends in ancient times

High mountains and flowing water are a metaphor for a friend who is hard to find or a wonderful piece of music. "Liezi·Tangwen": "Bo Ya played the harp and played the harp, aiming at the high mountains. Zhong Ziqi said: 'How good it is, the mountains are as high as Mount Tai.' Aiming on the flowing water, he said: 'How good it is, the oceans are like rivers.'

Source of the allusion

"Liezi·Tangwen": "Bo Ya played the harp and wanted to climb a high mountain. Zhong Ziqi said: 'It's so good, it's as high as Mount Tai.' ’ Aiming at the flowing water, he said: ‘How good it is, it’s as vast as a river. '"

Character introduction

Boya, a senior official of the Jin State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, was originally from Yingdu, Chu State (now Jingzhou, Hubei Province). After research, Boya originally had the surname Bo, saying that his "surname is Yu Mingrui and given name is Boya" is a fabrication in the novel by Feng Menglong, a novelist in the late Ming Dynasty. Before that, "Historical Records", "Xunzi", "Qin Cao", "Lieh Zi" and other books were all "Bo Ya". Gao You of the Eastern Han Dynasty noted: "Bo's surname, Ya Ming, may be Zuo Ya", and the modern "Ci Yuan" also noted: "Bo's surname Ya Ming" was a very common surname in ancient times, such as Zhou Dynasty. Boyi who did not eat Zhou millet during the reign of King Wu, Bole who was good at horse training during the reign of King Qin Mu, etc. Zhong Ziqi, whose name was Hui, was born in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chu (now Hubei). According to legend, Zhong Ziqi was a woodcutter who wore a bamboo hat, a raincoat, and an ax on his back. According to historical records, Yu Boya was playing the harp on the bank of the Han River. Zhong Ziqi sighed: "It's as tall as a mountain. Swinging like flowing water. "The two became close friends. After Zhong Ziqi's death, Yu Boya believed that there was no music in the world, so he never played the harp again.

Original text in classical Chinese

Boya was good at playing the harp, and Zhong Ziqi was good at playing the harp. Ziqi was good at listening. Boya played the harp, and his ambition was high in the mountains. Zhong Ziqi said, "How wonderful! It's as high as Mount Tai!" "Aiming at the flowing water, Zhong Ziqi said: "How good it is, it's like a river! "What Bo Ya thought about, Zhong Ziqi will definitely get it. After Zi Qi died, Bo Ya said that there will be no more music in the world, which means that the strings of the harp will be broken and the drum will never be played again.

Translation

Boya was good at playing the piano, and Zhong Ziqi was good at listening. When Boya was playing the piano, he thought of Gao Shan and said, "You play so well!" Towering mountains seemed to appear in front of my eyes! "Thinking about Liu Shui, Zhong Ziqi said: "Okay! I seemed to see a rushing river! "Whatever Bo Ya was thinking, Zhong Ziqi could accurately express his thoughts. After Zhong Ziqi's death, Bo Ya felt that he would never find a close friend, so he broke his beloved qin and stopped playing it for the rest of his life. 2. Idiom stories about how to make friends

1. According to historical records, Bei Guo Sao was a famous scholar in Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period. He was very filial to his parents and was known to be a filial son.

But his family was in a bad situation and was so poor that he had no money to support his old mother. So he went to Yanzi, the famous prime minister at that time, hoping to get some food to support his old mother.

Yanzi heard about his name for a long time. Thinking that he was a good person, Yan Zi not only received him warmly, but also gave him a lot of food and money before leaving.

Bei Guosao declined the money and accepted the food. They became very good friends from then on. Soon after, Yan Zi was slandered and was suspected by Qi Jinggong, so he fled to another country. Before leaving, he passed by Bei Guo Sao's house and came in to say goodbye. Yan Zi explained what happened, and Bei Guo Sao just said: "Please take care of yourself." . "

After seeing off the guests, Beiguosao found his friend after Yanzi left and told him: "I admire Yanzi's morality and have friendship with him. Now that Yanzi is being suspected for no reason, I will use my life to fight for him. He clears wrongdoings. "

Bei Guo Sao changed his clothes and asked his friends to follow him with swords and bamboo boxes. He went to the palace to meet with Jinggong's ministers. Bei Guo Sao said impassionedly: "Yan Ying is a well-known virtuous prime minister. , because of his presence, other countries are afraid and dare not invade.

If he escapes, Qi will be invaded. I don’t want to see the country in ruins, and I am willing to use my life to clear Yan Zi’s grievances. "

Then he committed suicide. Jinggong regretted seeing this scene and drove himself to the border to recover Yanzi.

2. Guan Ning and Hua Xin were weeding in the garden together.

Seeing a piece of gold on the ground, Guan Ning still wielded the hoe, as if there was no difference between tiles and stones. Hua Xin happily picked up the gold piece, but after seeing Guan Ning's expression, he threw it away.

Once upon a time, they were sitting on the same mat reading together. A man in a formal dress and a covered car happened to pass by the door. Guan Ning continued to study as before, but Hua Xin put down his Go out and watch the book. Guan Ning cut off the mat and sat separately from Hua Xin, saying, "You are no longer my friend."

The story of "Guan Ning cutting off the mat" has been passed down to this day. People have always regarded Guan Ning as someone who did not admire glory. Promote examples of people who are not greedy for money. But Guan Ning cannot look at his friends in two, and only adopts the attitude of breaking off friendship, which is too one-sided.

Guan Ning broke off the friendship because one or two details of his friend did not meet his standards as a person, which was a bit harsh on others. However, Hua Xin was greedy for vanity, so Guan Ning could not be blamed for cutting ties. 3. Taoyuan sworn alliance In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial government was defeated, coupled with successive years of famine, the people's lives were very difficult.

Liu Bei intends to save the people, and Zhang Fei and Guan Yu are willing to work with Liu Bei to do something together. The three fell in love and chose a peach garden behind Zhangfeizhuang.

At this time, the peach blossoms were in full bloom and the scenery was beautiful. Zhang Fei prepared a green ox and a white horse as a sacrifice, burned incense and worshiped, and the oath was completed; the three recognized their brothers according to their age. Liu Bei was the eldest brother, Guan Yu was the second, and Zhang Fei was the younger brother.

This is the famous "Taoyuan Stake" in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". 3. Idiom stories about how to make friends

High Mountains and Flowing Waters

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Yu Boya was good at playing the strings, and Zhong Ziqi was good at listening to the music and discerning its meaning. Once, when Boya was visiting the north of Mount Tai (now Guishan, Hanyang, Wuhan City), he suddenly encountered a heavy rain and had to stay under the rocks. Feeling lonely and sad, he took out the guqin he had brought with him and started playing. At first, he played music that reflected the continuous heavy rain; then, he played music that sounded like a landslide. At this moment, the woodcutter Zhong Ziqi couldn't help shouting from behind a nearby bush of wild chrysanthemums: "What a great song! What a great song!" It turned out that Zhong Ziqi, who was chopping wood on the mountain, was also hiding from the rain nearby when he heard Boya played the piano and felt relaxed and happy. He had been listening to it for a long time. When he heard ***, he couldn't help but express his heartfelt appreciation.

When Yu Boya heard the compliment, he quickly stood up and greeted Zhong Ziqi, then continued to play. Boya was concentrating on the mountains, and the meaning was in the melody. Zhong Ziqi listened and nodded frequently: "Okay, it's so majestic, it really looks like an extremely high mountain!" Boya was meditating on the flowing water again, hiding his secrets. In addition to the melody, Zhong Ziqi high-fived him after hearing it: "It's wonderful, it's so majestic, just like a river flowing!" Every time Boya played a piece of music, Zhong Ziqi could hear it completely. Its meaning and interest made Boya extremely surprised. He put down the piano and sighed and said: "Good! Good! Your skills in listening, identifying directions, and clarifying meanings are really brilliant. What you said is exactly what I think. My piano How can the sound escape your ears?" The two became close friends and made an appointment to meet again the next year to discuss the piano. But when Boya came to see Zhong Ziqi the next year, he learned that Zhong Ziqi had died of illness not long ago. Yu Boya felt so sad that he couldn't express it in words, so he broke his guqin, which he never left behind, and stopped playing it to express his gratitude for the rare friend he had in his life. 4. Classical Chinese stories about making friends, original text

Original text and translation of "The Way to Make Friends"

Original text:

Meet (péng) Meng Xue shot Yu Yi, Jin Yi The way of thinking is that Yi is the only one in the world who wants to heal himself, so he kills Yi. Mencius said: "Is Yi Yi guilty?" Gong Mingyi said: "It is better to be innocent." He said: "As thin as a cloud ear, how can he be innocent? The people of Zheng sent Zizhuo (zhúo) Ruzi to invade the Wei, and the Wei He ordered Yu Gong to pursue him. Zi Zhuo Ruzi said: "I am too busy to hold the bow today, and I will die!" He asked his servant: "Who is chasing me?" His servant said: "Yu" The master said: "I am born." His servant said: "Yu Gong is good at shooting. What do you mean by Master Yu?" Cum in me.

Husband Yin Gong treats him as a good person, and he must be careful when making friends. ’ When Duke Yu arrived, he said, ‘Master, why don’t you hold a bow? ’ He said: ‘Today I am working hard and cannot hold the bow. ’ He said: ‘The villain learned archery from Master Yin, and he learned archery from Master Yin Gong. I can't bear to use the Master's ways to harm the Master. Although today's matter is your matter, I dare not abolish it. ’ Draw the arrow, buckle the wheel, remove its gold, send the arrow (shèng) and then reverse it ②. ”

Comments

① Bo Huyun’er: Not big. ② Riding arrows: four arrows.

Translation

Feng Meng learned archery from Yi, and after he fully mastered Yi's archery skills, he thought that only Yi in the world was better than himself, so he killed Yi. Mencius said, "Yi was also at fault in this matter. Gong Mingyi said: "(Hou Yi) seems to have done nothing wrong." Mencius said: "The fault is not big, how can we say that there is no fault?" Zheng Guo once sent his son Zhuo Ruzi to attack Wei Guo, and Wei Guo sent Yu Gongzhi Si to pursue him. Zi Zhuo Ruzi said: "Today I am ill. I cannot hold my bow. I will not survive!" ’ He asked the man who was driving him: ‘Who is chasing me? ’ The man who drove him said, ‘It’s Yu Gong Si. ’ (Zi Zhuo Ruzi then) said, ‘I can’t die. ’ The man who drove him said, ‘Yugong Si is an excellent archer in Weiguo, but you say you can’t die. How can you say this? ’ (He replied): ‘Yugong Si once learned archery from Duke Yin, and Duke Yin learned archery from me. Yin Gongzhi is an upright person, and the friends he chooses must also be upright. (A decent person would not kill his teacher.) Yu Gongsi caught up with him and asked, "Why don't you take the bow?" ’ (Zi Zhuo Ruzi) said: ‘I am ill today and cannot hold my bow. ’ (Yu Gong Si) said: ‘I learned archery from him, Gong Yin, and he learned archery from you, Gong Yin. I can’t bear to use your skills to hurt you. Even so, today's matter is a major matter for the king, and I dare not give up. ’ So he pulled out the arrow, knocked it on the wheel a few times, removed the arrowhead, shot four arrows, and then went back. ”

Modern Interpretation

Don’t be careless in dealing with people. Confucius once said, “One who has no friends is worse than oneself”, and also said, “Kindness to benevolence”, etc., which all show that when dealing with people, In this chapter, Mencius believed that Yi was guilty, and it was because of his own fault that Yi was killed. Today, many leaders make mistakes when selecting and appointing cadres. They like those who surround themselves all the time. They like to listen to flattery and laugh at flattery, and they often end up doing bad things to these villains.

Hope to adopt 5. Idiom stories about making friends

1. The friendship between Guan and Bao Once upon a time, there was a pair of very good friends in the state of Qi, one named Guan Zhong and the other named Bao Shuya. .

When he was young, Guan Zhong’s family was very poor and he had to support his mother. When Bao Shuya found out, he asked Guan Zhong to invest in business together. Since Guan Zhong had no money, most of the capital was Bao Shuya. However, after making money, Guan Zhong took more than Bao Shuya. Bao Shuya's servant looked at it and said: "This Guan Zhong is really strange. He took less capital than our master, but when he divided the money, he took more." More than our master! But Bao Shuya said to the servant: "You can't say that!" Guan Zhong's family was poor and he had to support his mother, so it didn't matter if he took more. "

Once, Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya went to fight together. Every time they attacked, Guan Zhong hid at the back. Everyone scolded Guan Zhong and said: "Guan Zhong is a man who is greedy for life and afraid of death! Bao Shuya immediately spoke for Guan Zhong: "You have misunderstood Guan Zhong. He is not afraid of death. He has to save his life to take care of his old mother!" After hearing this, Guan Zhong said: "My parents are the ones who gave birth to me, and the person who knows me is Bao Shuya!" " Later, the king of Qi State died, and the eldest prince Zhu became the king. He ate, drank, played and did nothing every day. Bao Shuya had a premonition that there would be civil strife in Qi State, so he took the little prince Xiaobai and fled to Ju State. Guan Zhong took the He took the little prince Jiu and fled to the state of Lu.

Soon after, the eldest prince Zhu was killed, and civil strife broke out in Qi. Guan Zhong wanted to kill Xiaobai so that Jiu could successfully become king. Unfortunately, when Guan Zhong was plotting against Xiaobai, he missed his arrow and Xiaobai died. Later, Bao Shuya and Xiaobai returned to Qi State earlier than Guan Zhong and Jiu, and Xiaobai became the king of Qi State.

After Xiaobai became king, he decided to make Bao Shuya the prime minister, but Bao Shuya said to Xiaobai: "Guan Zhong is better than me in all aspects, so he should be invited to be the prime minister!" Listen: "Guan Zhong wants to kill me. He is my enemy. You actually asked me to invite him to be the prime minister!" Bao Shuya said, "You can't blame him. He did it to help his master!" Bai listened to Bao Shuya's words and asked Guan Zhong to come back as prime minister, and Guan Zhong really helped Xiao Bai govern Qi very well! 2. Friendly Friends In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Yu Boya in the Chu State who was proficient in music and had superb piano skills. However, he always felt that he could not express his feelings about various things superbly. After the teacher found out, he took him by boat to Penglai Island in the East China Sea and let him enjoy the natural scenery and listen to the sound of the sea. Boya saw only rough waves and splashing; seabirds flying and singing in his ears; It seemed that the harmonious and beautiful music of nature sounded. He couldn't help but play the piano, turning the notes at will, integrating the beauty of nature into the sound of the piano, but no one could understand his music, and he felt very lonely and lonely. , extremely distressed.

One night, Boya took a boat trip. Facing the breeze and the bright moon, he had a lot of thoughts. He played the piano and the sound was melodious. Suddenly he felt someone listening to his music. Boya saw someone. The woodcutter stood on the shore and asked the woodcutter to get on the boat. Boya played a tune praising the mountains. The woodcutter said: "It's majestic and solemn, just like Mount Tai that towers into the clouds!" When he played it, he expressed the surging waves. At that time, the woodcutter said again: "It's so vast and vast, it's like seeing rolling water or the boundless sea!" Boya said excitedly: "My friend, this woodcutter is Zhong Ziqi. Later, Ziqi died early. After Yu Boya found out, He played the last piece of music in his life in front of Zhong Ziqi's grave, then cut off all the strings and stopped playing the instrument. 3. Cut-to-the-neck encounter During the Warring States Period, the eunuch of the Zhao State ordered Lin Xiangru, a retainer of Yingxian, to be sent by the King of Zhao to the State of Qin with rare treasures and clan jade.

With his wisdom and courage, he returned the jade to Zhao intact, and was appreciated by the King of Zhao, who made him a senior official. Later, King Qin proposed to meet King Zhao in Mianchi, hoping to force King Zhao to surrender.

Lin Xiangru and General Lian Po urged the King of Zhao to attend and devised a clever plan. Lian Po put pressure on the King of Qin with his bravery and skill in fighting, while Lin Xiangru relied on his sharp tongue and loyalty to the King of Zhao. Save King Zhao from humiliation and return to Zhao safely. In order to commend Lin Xiangru, King Zhao named him Shangqing, which was a higher official position than General Lian Po.

This time Lian Po was not happy. He believed that he was brave and good at fighting, fighting on the front line for the Zhao Kingdom, and was the most important contributor. However, Lin Xiangru was ranked above him with just one mouth. Lian Po was very unconvinced and decided to humiliate him.

When Lin Xiangru heard the news, he avoided meeting Lian Po everywhere. On the day of going to court, he said he was ill.

Once, Lin Xiangru met Lian Po when he went out for business. Lian Po ordered his men to use various methods to block Lin Xiangru's road, and finally Lin Xiangru had to order him to return home.

Lian Po was even more proud and publicized this incident everywhere. Lin Xiangru's disciples heard about it and asked to go home one after another. Lin Xiangru asked why, and they said: "We work for you because we respect you as a truly noble gentleman. But now you actually tolerate the arrogant Lian Po. How can we?" Can't bear it?" After hearing this, Lin Xiangru laughed and asked, "Which one do you think is more powerful, King Qin or General Lian Po? I'm not even afraid of King Qin, so why am I afraid of Lian Po? General Lian and I protect the State of Zhao with both civil and military power. As King Zhao's right-hand man, how can I ignore the country's interests because of a small personal grudge?" After hearing this, Lian Po was very ashamed and exposed his breasts. Carrying a thorn stick on his back, he apologized to Lin Xiangru.

From then on, they became good friends who shared life and death, adversity and adversity, and worked together to serve the country. 4. The friendship between glue and paint Chen Chong, courtesy name Jinggong, was born in Yichun, Yuzhang.

When he was young, he became close friends with Lei Yi from the same county. The two of them studied "Lu Shi", "Yan Shi Chun Qiu" and other classics together, and they were both well-educated people.

The prefect Zhang Yun heard about Chen Zhong's name, praised his virtue, talent and conduct, and recommended him as Xiaolian. Chen Zhong gave up his title to Lei Yi and applied to the prefect more than ten times, but Zhang Yun refused. The next year, Lei Yi was also selected as Xiaolian, and the two went to the county government together to take office.

Among my colleagues, an official's family suffered an accident and he borrowed hundreds of thousands of dollars in debt with interest. His creditors came to his door every day to demand payment. , so he paid off his debt privately. The clerk was grateful and came to thank him. Chen Zhong said calmly: "I didn't do this. Maybe someone with the same name as me paid it back for you!" He never talked about his kindness.

Once, a colleague took leave to go back to his hometown and wore the wrong pair of someone else's pants while he was busy. The owner suspected that Chen Zhong had taken it, but Chen Zhong made no comment.