Many people say that there are other projects in rural areas that can get better benefits, such as building a cold storage, which can not only be rented and circulated, but also get certain subsidies.
Today, Yuan Weijun will talk to you specifically about whether it is worthwhile to build a cold storage in rural areas and how to build it.
How much does it cost to build a cold storage?
Let's calculate an account first.
How much it costs to build a cold storage depends on the specific scale, temperature and the selected equipment and materials.
The components of fresh-keeping cold storage and other cold storage (except degassing and modified atmosphere cold storage) are basically the same: cold storage insulation board, compressor unit, air cooler and other accessories.
Polyurethane and polystyrene are commonly used in cold storage insulation boards here, and the performance of these two insulation boards determines the price difference.
Compressor and air cooler are the core components of the whole cold storage refrigeration system, which are divided into imported brands and domestic brands.
The following prices are for reference only:
The construction of small cold storage is generally about 20 cubic meters to 100 cubic meters. A small cold storage of 20 cubic meters is generally around 65,438+10,000; 100 cubic meter cold storage costs about 500,000 yuan.
A 1 000 cubic meters (3,000 tons) large-scale cold storage costs about 2.2 million to 3 million.
Domestic equipment is generally several thousand yuan cheaper than imported equipment, but the technology of domestic equipment is limited, and the thermal insulation performance and energy saving will be worse than imported equipment; Although imported equipment is expensive, it saves energy and electricity, has good thermal insulation, long service life and is not easy to break down.
It usually takes several years to build a cold storage, so performance and quality are very important. Choosing domestic equipment in the early stage of building cold storage will save money, but in the long run, it will cost more than choosing imported equipment.
Because cold storage can obviously promote the sales of fruits and vegetables, the state strongly supports cold chain logistics projects, and the funds benefiting farmers have corresponding subsidies for cold storage.
The cold storage has become a beacon in the countryside.
It must be affirmed that building a cold storage is a very necessary and promising good project.
Take Guangxi as an example. Guangxi is the largest production base of vegetables and tropical fruits in autumn and winter in China, with vegetables and fruits exceeding170,000 mu.
Vegetables, in particular, account for 80% in autumn and winter, and are exported to the northern market for about 8 million tons.
However, according to statistics, the loss of vegetables and fruits in Guangxi, let alone those eaten in the mouth, accounts for 25%-30% from harvest to marketing, and an average fruit will rot.
Based on this calculation alone, fruit farmers and vegetable farmers in Guangxi lose 654.38+0 billion yuan every year. It's not that I don't know, it's shock.
The loss rate of fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere, but according to the data, South Korea has only 5%-7%, and some developed countries have lower loss rates.
Why is the loss of fruits and vegetables high in Guangxi? It is because the cold chain system of agricultural products production and marketing in Guangxi is underdeveloped, and there are few cold storages in rural areas, which are basically absent.
Let's talk about a common sense first. If the fruit is precooled immediately after picking, it can be kept fresh for ten days or even months.
It's like if we pick the fruit and put it in the refrigerator, the fruit can be extended for another month before eating. But if you put the fruit in a high temperature and high humidity environment, it will rot in 3 days at the earliest.
Many people say that the production and sales of apples in Shaanxi are very good. What's so good about it? After picking them, they refrigerated them in a small cold storage underground. The apples they picked were frozen in the warehouse and then pulled out and transported by big trucks. It's no problem to transport them for three days and nights.
At present, this kind of fruit and vegetable precooling system is badly needed in rural areas.
But some people are making money at a loss.
The market is there, which looks bright and has been strongly supported by policies. However, some people remind everyone with the experience of people who have experienced it personally that the construction of cold storage may not be as beautiful as imagined.
Lao Zhou, a well-known farmer in Zhao County, built two cold storages. The earliest one 1987 was built in the early days of reform and opening up. Having been in the pear business for 26 years, he looked down on this loss.
Analysis of the operation of the cold storage, farmers calculated an account:
Taking the construction of a cold storage with a capacity of 30,000 boxes of pears as an example, it needs to invest more than 500,000 yuan to store pears for farmers and collect management fees. The annual profit is 30,000 ~ 50,000 yuan.
Because cold storage operators should provide supporting paper bags, nets, cartons and so on. For fruit farmers, if a box of pears can't be sold at the cost price in the later period, farmers don't even want pears, and the owners of cold storage will pay for these supporting things.
Such cold storage often takes more than ten years to recover the construction investment.
There is also the following one who holds the same view.
He once thought it was a very good project. He simply calculated the price difference between a large number of agricultural products on the market and off-season sales, and decided that this was simply a profiteering project.
For example, if a large number of apples are listed, they will go directly to the orchard to buy them. The lowest price is a few cents a catty, but in the Spring Festival, the retail price is rarely lower than that in 5 yuan.
One year, many raisins in his hometown could not be sold in the ditch, and they rose to more than 20 yuan a catty during the Chinese New Year. Through such a simple calculation, he thought he had found a shortcut to get rich, but in the end he learned about the surrounding cold storage and found that the situation was not optimistic!
If your cold storage is dedicated to renting or valet storage, the risk is small, but the profit is very thin and the investment recovery cycle is very long. If you can't go to Man Ku, your expenses will be high. If only 50 tons of goods are stored in a 1000-ton cold storage, do you dare to cut off the power and not refrigerate?
Even if the cold storage is divided into warehouses, but a large number of cold storage is idle, how can we make money? If your cold storage is used to store agricultural products yourself, be sure to find a good market!
No matter how long it is refrigerated, there is a time limit. If it can't be sold by that time limit, can it be kept until next year? The storage cost is not low, and it will be damaged.
Therefore, when those agricultural products are unsalable, it is not that these professional players are blind and don't take advantage, but that no one dares to press them when they are unsalable, and the garage is full and they can't get out!
He said that he knew that the real money-making cold storage was mostly the kind of vegetable trade, and the agricultural products purchased by others were distributed to major cities through the cold chain, and the sales channels were fixed.
Both the purchase price and the sales price change with the market. Buy low and sell high to make a reasonable profit. Cold storage is a facility for people's own use, not just to make money by renting. He warned everyone: if the relevant conditions are not available, there is not a lot of such demand in the local area, and there is no such market atmosphere. If you rush to the cold storage, you may not survive!
Rural cold storage should be adapted to local conditions according to the characteristics of local agricultural products. Before construction, the local crop planting classification should be considered first, and the agricultural cold storage with large planting area should be built as far as possible. Moreover, seasonal storage should be separated and the service life should be staggered, so as to reduce the empty rate of cold storage and improve the maximum benefit of cold storage.