Generally, ponds are large in area, deep in water, full of sunlight, unobstructed in water source, fertile in water quality and convenient to transport, which is conducive to the growth of fish and the improvement of production management. Specifically, the following conditions should be met:

1, area and water depth. The size and depth of the pond are closely related to the fish yield. Production practice has proved that a mature fish pond has an area of 4- 10 mu and a water depth of 2-3 meters. The fish pond area can be below 5 mu and the water depth is about 1.5 m.

2. Soil quality and sediments. Fish ponds are mostly dug up, and soil quality has a great influence on water quality. The soil quality of the pond is black soil, followed by clay and sand. After a period of time in pond culture, a thick layer of silt gradually formed at the bottom of the pond, which was formed by the continuous deposition of residual feed, fertilizer, fish manure and dead organisms, and mixed with the sediment at the bottom of the pond. There is a certain amount of silt in the pond, and the pond water is easy to become fat, which is beneficial to fish farming and has high yield. However, too much silt will worsen the water quality, affect the growth of fish and even cause fish death. Therefore, excessive silt must be removed in time to maintain good water quality.

3. Water source and water quality. Good water quality requires sufficient dissolved oxygen, moderate pH (7-8.5), good water temperature (preferably 25-30℃), rich nutrition, rich water quality (water color is mung bean color, yellow green color, yellow brown color, light soy sauce color, transparency 25-30cm) and no toxic substances.

4. The shape and direction of the pond. The pond is rectangular in shape. The length-width ratio is 2-3: 1 and the width is 30-50m, which is convenient for management and trawling. The direction of the pond should be east-west, which is conducive to prolonging the sunshine time, plankton in the water and increasing dissolved oxygen. There should be no mountains and tall trees around the pond to keep out the wind.

5. Layout and collocation. The pond foundation should not be too narrow. Generally, there should be a base surface of more than 2 meters. When building supporting livestock pens, it is required to be wider. At the same time, it is necessary to build a perfect drainage and irrigation system, so that each fish pond can be drained and irrigated independently to avoid ponds being connected in series. The bottom of the pond should be inclined from the irrigation side to the drainage side to facilitate the drainage of pond water. At the same time, the power supply should be considered in order to use the aerator.