Monopterus albus culture has formed a relatively huge industry in China. According to relevant data, there are more than 20 counties and cities with an annual output value of over 100 million. Without relatively rich profits, it is impossible for so many people to breed.

According to the conventional practice, if you invest 20,000 yuan to breed Monopterus albus, you can breed about 30-40 cages, and the general annual profit is about 20,000 yuan.

Breeding Monopterus albus has high economic benefits, but it is also a high-risk project, and the main risk is technical risk. If no one in the local area has cultivated eel well, in order to reduce the risk, it is suggested to find a more reliable place and systematically learn the technical experience of breeding eel before development. Monopterus albus is a kind of fish belonging to the genus Monopterus, also known as eel, especially snake, snake fish and blood eel.

Monopterus albus lives underwater, likes to dig holes, and often digs holes in lakes, swamps, rivers, ponds, ditches, rice fields and other underwater or embankment to live. Monopterus albus caves are about three times as long as the body length, and the caves are curved and crossed. Each cave generally has more than two caves. The exit of the cave is often close to the water surface, so that it sticks its head out to breathe air. The activity habit of Monopterus albus is to lie in the cave during the day and go out at night, that is, to go out for food at night. You can catch it at night according to this habit. The gill of Monopterus albus is in a degraded state, and it mainly relies on epidermis and auxiliary respiratory organs to breathe oxygen directly from the air. Therefore, people can live normally in water with low oxygen content, and correspondingly, the density of artificial culture can be increased. Monopterus albus is rich in mucus, so long as it is kept moist, it will not die, and the transportation is very convenient.

Monopterus albus mainly feeds on benthic animals, such as water worms, snails, tadpoles, small fish and shrimps. In addition, they eat some rotten potato chips, seaweed, fruits and vegetables.

The breeding habits of Monopterus albus have many characteristics. The gonads of female Monopterus albus vary in size from left to right, with developed right side and degenerated left side. Generally, the accessibility of 2-year-old fish is mature. The biggest feature of Monopterus albus reproduction is the phenomenon of "sex reversal". From the embryonic stage to the first sexual maturity, they are all female individuals. After laying eggs, the ovary gradually becomes the testis, and the sperm is discharged at the second sexual maturity, and it is male for life. If divided by the body length of Monopterus albus, those whose body length is less than 22 cm are all females; About 36 cm, the number of male and female individuals accounted for1.5; Individuals over 53 cm are male. The spawning period of Monopterus albus is from April to August, and the spawning amount is small, generally about 500. When spawning, the parent fish often spits at the place where they dig holes, and the eggs are laid in the roots of aquatic plants or in the crevices near the holes. Foam has the function of preserving fish eggs. Generally, fertilized eggs hatch young fish in about 8 days, and the hatched young fish can swim and take the initiative to eat in about 12 days. During this period, the young fish are protected by male and female parents and nourished by yolk sac.

Monopterus albus grows slowly, and the fish of 1 can grow to 20 cm, the fish of 2 years can grow to 30 cm and the fish of 3 years can grow to 40 cm. The growth rate of cultured Monopterus albus is related to the adequacy of bait. In the case of sufficient bait, it generally grows faster than in nature.

The activity of Monopterus albus is closely related to the water temperature, and the suitable water temperature for its growth is 15 ~ 30℃. Stop eating when the water temperature is lower than 10℃ and enter hibernation; When the water temperature is above 15℃, normal predation begins; When the water temperature exceeds 30℃, enter the cave to escape the heat.

First, the static pool feeding method

Static pond culture is characterized by small water exchange capacity, and there is soil at the bottom of the pond for Monopterus albus to dig holes or artificially place objects for Monopterus albus to inhabit.

The location of the feeding pond should be leeward and sunny, with good water source, rectangular or oval shape, and the size depends on the feeding scale. There are two kinds of pond structures: cement pond and soil pond. There are usually three types of cement pools: above ground, underground and semi-underground. The water temperature in cement ponds on the ground changes greatly with the seasons, which is not conducive to raising eels. Underground and semi-underground are commonly used. The construction of the earthen pond should choose a place with hard soil, and it is best to spread a layer of linoleum on the bottom and wall of the pond, with tight corners, and then spread 20 cm (wall) and 10 cm (bottom) linoleum to prevent water leakage and eel escape. Whether it is a cement pool or a soil pool, it should be equipped with good water intake and drainage facilities. The inlet and outlet pipes are 4 ~ 10 cm in diameter, and the ports in the pool are provided with plastic nets or barbed wire to prevent escape.

After the completion of the adult eel pond, water should be injected into the pond for two purposes: first, to see if there is water leakage; The second is to use water absorption to remove harmful substances in cement and concrete. The new pond can be drained for 3 ~ 5 times and soaked for 2 ~ 3 days each time, which can basically remove harmful substances. 10 days later, spread 20 ~ 30 cm thick fertilizer mud on the bottom of the drained pond, which is made by uniformly mixing grass, manure and soil and retting. After the mud at the bottom of the pond is paved, aquatic plants such as water hyacinth, water peanut and water hyacinth are planted in the pond for cooling the eel pond and hiding eels. It is advisable to keep the water depth of Monopterus albus pond at 65438±00cm, with a maximum of 20 cm.

Seven days before the eel fry are stocked, the fish pond is cleaned and disinfected, and 0.2 kg of quicklime is used per square meter of water surface, and the whole pond is evenly spread. After disinfection, clean water filled the whole pool. When stocking, the water temperature in the eel fry transport container should not be too different from that in the fish pond (3 ~ 5℃). The stocking density of eel depends on the size of eel fry, feeding and management conditions and the source of feed. Monopterus albus is generally raised in small fish ponds, and it is better to raise 2 ~ 5 kilograms of eel fry per square meter. Large stocking scale can reduce the quantity accordingly, while small stocking scale can increase the quantity accordingly. Enough feed can be put more, and insufficient feed can be put less. Monopterus albus has the habit of killing each other, so it should be stocked in different pools. We must choose healthy, harmless and tidy eel fry for stocking to avoid mixed culture. The best stocking scale is that the weight of each eel fry is about 20 grams, and it is not good to be too small or too big. Raising Monopterus albus in high density in fish ponds is the same as transportation. At the same time, properly stocking some loaches can increase the dissolved oxygen in the water when the loaches swim up and down, and prevent the eel from winding.

Monopterus albus at different growth stages should be fed different feeds to ensure its nutritional needs. The larvae just hatched for 4 ~ 5 days are mainly fed with Daphnia, cooked egg yolk and soybean milk, among which hydroponic live Daphnia and rotifer are the best. Therefore, at this time, it is mainly necessary to fertilize the water quality so that there are enough water fleas and rotifers in the fish pond for the eel fry to eat. If the stocking density of eel fry is high, it can also be cultured in another pond or fished out of natural waters for eating. Later, as eels grow up, they can gradually feed earthworms, snails and mussels. At the same time, it should be matched with some plant feeds, such as wheat bran, rice, fruits and vegetables. In the feed, earthworm has the best feeding effect, and every 5 ~ 6 grams of fresh earthworm can increase 1 gram of eel meat. Earthworms can be collected in the field, or they can be raised and propagated in the garbage dump in front of and behind the house to feed Monopterus albus. Feed should adhere to "four fixings". Monopterus albus has the habit of foraging during the day and going out at night when it grows in nature. You can feed it every evening when you first raise it, and then feed it gradually early. After about 10 days of domestication, the Monopterus albus was fed at 9: 00 am, 2: 00 pm and 6: 00 pm every day to ensure that there was enough bait. Each feeding should be flexibly controlled according to the weather, water temperature and the number of residual bait, which is generally 5% of the total weight of Monopterus albus.

Second, raise eels with running water.

Compared with conventional mud ponds, running water eel breeding has the advantages of less land occupation, high stocking density, fast growth, high yield, convenient management and fishing. Especially in places with geothermal water and factory surplus hot water, it is more beneficial to raise Monopterus albus with warm running water.

It is best to build a fishpond without soil and flowing water indoors, with cement bricks. The pool area is generally 2 ~ 5 square meters, and the pool wall is about 50 cm high. Several pools can be connected in series. Each pool is equipped with water intake and drainage holes (upper and lower drainage holes), and the holes are blocked with mesh covers. A main water inlet channel and a drainage channel are arranged between every two rows of pools. After the cement pool is built, close the main drainage hole, then fill it with water and soak it for more than 7 days to eliminate cement floating ash. Drain the water and then pour in clean water. Close the drain hole below, and only open the drain hole above, so as to keep the pool water at a certain depth with slight running water. If geothermal water or power plant cooling water is used, the water temperature must be manually controlled according to the temperature at that time, so that Monopterus albus can grow well at a suitable temperature. In order to prevent eel species from being infected with diseases, eel species should be soaked in malachite green solution of 10 mg/L for 30 minutes before stocking, and then put into cement pool in time after disinfection. Can put 4 ~ 5 kilograms per square meter. In order to make the eel species accustomed to artificial feeding, it can be domesticated, that is, the eel species are not fed for 2 ~ 3 days after stocking, so that the eel body becomes empty. When eels are hungry, the intake rate of artificial feed is higher. Animals and plants in the feed should be properly matched, and artificial pellet feed can also be fed. Due to the continuous supply of micro-flowing water, especially warm water with geothermal water and residual hot water, Monopterus albus can grow all the year round, and the annual output per hectare can be as high as 1.5 thousand kg. Although this kind of farming method has a large investment in infrastructure such as cement ponds, its economic benefits are also considerable because of its high output. Conditional areas can be adapted to local conditions.

Third, the running water eel and earthworm are raised together.

1. Build a swimming pool

Choose a place with perennial running water to build a pool. The swimming pool is a cement pool with an area of 30, 50 and 80 square meters. The height of the pond wall is 80 ~ 100 cm, and the water inlet and outlet are set on the diagonal, both of which are equipped with escape prevention equipment.

Accumulated soil

Pile several soil beds with a width of 1.5 and a thickness of 25 cm in the pool. The distance between beds is 20 cm, and the distance between beds and pond wall is 20 cm. The piled soil must be loam rich in organic matter, which is convenient for earthworm reproduction, rice field eel drilling and hiding.

Culturing earthworm

After piling up soil, keep the water depth in the pond at 5- 10 cm, then put 2.5-3 kg of Taiping No.2 earthworm species in each square meter of soil area, and spread 4-5 cm thick fermented cow dung on the border for earthworm reproduction. Then scrape off the cow dung eaten by the upper layer every 3-4 days, and sprinkle 4-5 kilograms of newly fermented cow dung per square meter. In this way, after about 14 days, earthworms multiply in large numbers and can be put into eel species.

stock

The stocking density depends on the specifications of eel species. According to the whole pond area, 30 to 40 eels per kilogram, 4 kilograms per square meter; 40 ~ 50 yuan per kilogram, 3 kilograms per square meter. In this way, from April to 1 1 month, the survival rate is above 90%, and the specification is 6 ~ 10 pieces per kilogram.

manage

After the eel seeds are put into the pond, the water depth of the pond is kept at about 10 cm, and the water flow is constant. After that, every 3-4 days, a layer of cow dung on the border will be scraped off, and then 4-5 kilograms of fermented new cow dung will be added per square meter to ensure the continuous reproduction of earthworms, so that Monopterus albus can feed itself in the soil without feeding other feeds.

Because the water quality of this farming method has always been good, and there are excellent live bait-earthworms for eel to eat, eel is not easy to get sick, grows fast, has high yield and good economic benefits. Generally, it can produce 1,000 Monopterus albus 14 ~ 15 per square meter.