1. Living habits

Brazilian tortoise is active, likes to live in water, is not afraid of people, and has strong adaptability to the environment. The suitable water temperature for growth is 21-32℃, and the optimal water temperature for growth is 25-31℃. When the temperature is lower than 21℃, the food intake decreases and the activity is inactive. Basically do not eat below 15 C; The activity decreased obviously below 11℃, and it was in a semi-dormant state. Brazilian tortoise is an omnivorous turtle, which mainly eats meat during artificial breeding, especially in the larval and juvenile stages, and mainly eats small fish, shrimp, lean meat and other animals. In the adult stage, you can also eat plant feed (bananas, fruits, etc. ) and workers compound feed. Brazilian tortoises eat a lot and grow faster than turtles. Generally, under the conditions of normal temperature, adequate food and normal culture, the average size of young turtles hatched from July to September can reach 25-41g before overwintering in the current year, and can be cultured for more than 211g in the next year, and the size of commercial turtles can generally reach more than 411g in the third year. However, the growth rate of male and female Brazilian turtles is different, and the latter is obviously faster than the former.

2. Advantages of artificial propagation

The ornamental Brazilian tortoise is very colorful, with obvious erythema on the eardrum behind the eyes, which is an almost indispensable fine species in the pet ornamental fish market at present.

It is easy to breed, grow faster and have strong adaptability to the environment. Artificial reproduction is easy, but the market price is lower than other turtles. Compared with Brazilian tortoise, soft-shelled turtle, Maureen tortoise and crocodile tortoise, Brazilian tortoise is cheaper, almost a popular commodity, and more easily accepted by market consumers.

the market space for development is not saturated. Although the Brazilian tortoise is the largest breed cultivated at present, with an annual output of more than 11,111 tons of commercial turtles and an output value of 411 million yuan, the turtle seedlings mainly rely on imports, and the domestic introduced turtle seedlings are in short supply, resulting in a big gap. With the upsurge of turtle breeding, it is bound to aggravate the situation that the supply of turtle seedlings is in short supply.

In addition, soft-shelled turtle has edible and medicinal value.

3. Disease control

From the current feeding practice, the Brazilian tortoise has strong disease resistance. As long as early introduction and disease prevention measures are taken, reasonable feeding methods are adopted, and the diseased turtles are isolated in time and treated actively, better breeding benefits will be achieved.

The prevention of turtle diseases is generally related to the environment, turtles themselves, feed and pathogens. Maintaining a good turtle breeding environment, such as water quality meeting the breeding requirements, quiet environment and reasonable and scientific turtle habitat, can reduce the occurrence of turtle diseases. Similarly, when introduced, it is necessary to breed nearby, avoid long-distance transportation, and avoid breeding from the market or farmers who are not familiar with the current situation of breeding. The variety of soft-shelled turtle is healthy without defects, and the feed meets the growth needs of soft-shelled turtle, which is fresh, comprehensive and nutritious. Cut off the transmission of pathogens to healthy turtles, etc. , can play a preventive role.

4. Prevention of enemy damage

In the larval and larval stages, Pacific turtles are more vulnerable to attacks by snakes, rats and cats, so facilities should be used to prevent enemy damage. In pond culture, attention should be paid to the species and specifications of fish species so as not to endanger the safety of soft-shelled turtles.

Young Brazilian tortoises can be raised in flat-bottomed containers without any difficulty. Plastic pots, plastic tanks or boxes, and aquariums are all acceptable, and the water should not be too deep. A flat and shallow plastic trough with an island and a plastic coconut tree in the middle is the most unsuitable, because (1) it is too small, (2) it can't be equipped with electric heaters, and (3) it misleads users to regard the island as a feeding place. Because the Brazilian tortoise is completely foraging in the water, the result may be that the island is full of feed, while the Brazilian tortoise is starving.

An ideal nursery must have some specific minimum requirements. Each young turtle needs five liters of water to walk, and the water depth should not exceed the length of the turtle body, so that the turtle's feet can touch the ground when breathing on the water. At the same time, build an island for them with bricks and stones. Floating islands are not suitable, because young turtles often can't climb up, which is very laborious. On the other hand, we should pay attention to islands and decorations not to become dangerous obstacles, and turtles will get stuck and drown.

The water temperature that young turtles can adapt to is about 25 degrees Celsius; When it is cold, the air above the container should also be heated. Adding a cover lamp to the breeding box can kill two birds with one stone. If the water temperature is still too low, you can add electric heating pipes to the water-the temperature can be adjusted as much as possible. If you buy an electric heating tube with high heat energy (111 to 151 watts) now, it is enough to deal with a relatively large water tank when the Brazilian tortoise is relatively large. The electric heating tubes sold in the aquarium should be placed under the water, and the equipment should also pay attention to the possibility that the electric heater and power cord will not get stuck in the Brazilian tortoise.

Brazilian tortoises in particular should have the opportunity to be directly exposed to the sun. If this is not possible, young turtles should be exposed to ultraviolet rays once or twice a week for about three to five minutes each time. Don't get too close to the Brazilian tortoise with ultraviolet rays, so as to avoid injury caused by too strong light. Sunlight irradiation is the best way, but it should be noted that the required ultraviolet rays should not be filtered out of the container glass. Little turtles can be kept on the balcony all summer. To prevent birds from taking it away, you can cover the box with a net. It is absolutely necessary to prevent the Brazilian tortoise from climbing out of the breeding box. Otherwise, one day, you will find the circuit of the "mummy" electric heater under the bed or in a corner, which may even be a bridge for the Brazilian turtle to escape, because the Brazilian turtle's climbing skills are superb.