Data is already one of the most important factors of production.
since the concept of "big data" was put forward in 2118, this technology has rapidly "subverted" various industries. However, while data empowers industries and changes lives, it also frequently leads to chaos: issues such as big data killing, privacy violations, and black data production test government managers in various countries, and even affect the development of big data industry.
Some time ago, the user data of Facebook, a well-known social media platform in the United States, was leaked. In three days, 533 million users' personal data were exposed, including 116 countries and regions. The leaked information included the user's account name, location, birthday and email address on Facebook, which was very detailed. It also includes many celebrities and public figures.
Maybe many people have no obvious perception of the impact of data on us. Let's use some examples to illustrate the big or small impact of data.
in 2113, e-commerce began to tailor its own shopping list for each consumer according to user's favorites, shopping types, search records, browsing records, similar recommendations and other data. In this year, Yu 'ebao was born. Based on the data platforms of Taobao and Alipay, Yu 'ebao can grasp the change information of purchase and redemption in time, and at the same time, it can also use historical data to grasp the behavior law of customers. In less than half a year, the scale of Yu 'ebao exceeded 111 billion, with nearly 31 million users, equivalent to nearly 21% of the total size of all 78 domestic money funds in that year. The deterrent power of the combination of the Internet and big data has made traditional banks look askance.
in 2115, personalized recommendation based on big data was the first time to shine in Double 11: the platform's jump rate reached single digits for the first time, and the number of times users left after visiting only one page dropped to a historical low, while the number of people guided by personalized recommendation system and the number of pages per capita were 2 3 times that of the previous year. In transportation, education, medical care, smart cities and other fields, big data is also rapidly infiltrating.
At this point, the slogan "Data is the oil of the new era" put forward by Clive Humby, a British data scientist and mathematician, in 2116 has been fully recognized. In the mouth of technology companies, it has become another expression: those who get data get the world.
The era of data: those who get the data get the world
Guo Yike, an academician of the Royal British Academy of Engineering, once told a story in the program: a famous pharmaceutical company bought the data of a rare cancer patient with a huge sum of more than one million pounds. The reason why this company is willing to spend so much money is because this patient has six kinds of cancers, and his data is almost unique in the world.
The data dispute of Internet giants
In June 2117, SF closed the logistics data information return of HIVE BOX self-reporting cabinet and Taobao platform, and the rookie of Alibaba's logistics platform and SF were "fighting" on the Internet from a distance, showing the deep contest between them in the control of customer data information; Two months later, when Huawei Magic mobile phone tried artificial intelligence application, it was rejected by Tencent when it wanted to call WeChat data, which led to disputes. The competition between enterprises has become the competition for "data".
The "big data killing" that has been criticized countless times
In 2118, some netizens who frequently travel found that when booking air tickets or hotels in Ctrip, the price of the same product or the same service displayed on the platform for old users was higher than that for new users. Subsequently, Ctrip was revealed to use big data to "kill". Subsequently, Ctrip responded that the internal investigation did not find any differential pricing for using the same account and booking different mobile phones with the same hotel and room type.
However, the question of "killing big data" has not stopped there, but has spread to Internet taxi, e-commerce, take-out and other fields, which has almost become the "hidden rule" of the Internet industry. The "driving force" behind it stems from the profit pressure of the Internet platform-in order to fill the huge losses caused by burning money in the early days, the price can only be raised continuously, while the old users are more sticky to the platform than the new users, so they are relatively more able to bear higher prices.
Personal Privacy and "Data Enlightenment"
The first batch of people who registered various apps never thought that these apps would betray them and sell their personal privacy. Because the Internet age is free, open and a paradise for early adopters. Internet era is also fast-paced, it can quickly eliminate the weak and quickly overthrow the previous giant.
When these internet companies babble, they are ignorant idealists: Zuckerberg doesn't want to put advertisements on Facebook, Larry Page just wants to do a simple web search, Jerry Yang wants to turn Yahoo into an internet portal, and steve chen just wants to turn YouTube into a square where people can share small videos.
Facebook, Google and Yahoo were not advertising companies at first, but they couldn't think of a better way to make money. So entrepreneurs invented a perfect model-free model. User registration is free, but personal data will be tracked by the website and used to push advertisements. Because registration is free, the number of users of companies like Facebook and Google will increase sharply and they can quickly become the hegemon. Personal data is endless, as long as you dig it carefully, you will definitely sell it at a good price.
in the free mode, you and I are not customers of these apps, but products of these apps. Our private data will be extracted, optimized, processed, packaged and sold to the highest bidder. But what if the growth of users reaches saturation? Then mine more data from existing users, make more detailed analysis with more advanced tools and sell them to more advertisers.
in 2118, Zhou Hongyi, the founder of 361, praised the "free mode", and 361 Express Video stole a large number of accounts and videos from bilibili, which can be said to be the extreme of the "free mode". Internet companies "squeeze" data from users like milking cows.
Then, the data engineer carefully sorts and classifies the user data with the tools that laymen have never heard of, such as Kafka, Storm, Hadoop and Spark, and then presents them to advertisers. A former department manager of Google once said that Google's core competitiveness is not search or Android, nor maps or calendars. Its competitiveness is to turn user data into money. "Turning user data into money" is the logic behind the free model.
But with the outbreak of Facebook privacy scandal, people are more and more aware that it is dangerous to disclose personal online privacy. This awakening of personal privacy will bring a "data enlightenment movement", and the rise of the digital economy and its proportion in GDP are becoming more and more important.
This has promoted data privacy legislation in various countries, and data is not only the object for Internet companies to compete for, but also has risen to the level of national strategy. Data security is already a part of national security.
A global data legislation competition
The EU was the first country in the world to legislate data. On May 25th, 2118, the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) came into effect in member countries.
the scope of application of this regulation is very wide, such as: users' own data must be able to view, modify, delete and download at any time; Any company must ask users to sign an agreement before collecting user data; Collecting data of children under the age of 16 must be approved by parents. In short, it is the user's data, and the control must be in the hands of the user.
Actually, GDPR was a privacy law promulgated by the European Union in 2116, but they gave the major Internet companies in their jurisdiction two years to prepare for it, and it didn't start to be implemented until May 25th, 2118. From the execution date, if any company is found to be in violation, it will be fined 2,111 euros or 4% of the turnover of the violating company, whichever is fined more.
On the first day of GDPR's entry into force, Facebook and Google were sued for forcing users to agree to * * * enjoy personal data. In October 2119, France imposed a fine of 51 million euros (about 57 million US dollars) on Google for violating the EU GDPR privacy law.
America on the other side of the ocean is not idle. On June 28th, 2118, California promulgated the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2118 (CCPA) to protect consumers' privacy and data security. CCPA is considered to be the strictest privacy legislation in the United States, which came into effect on October 1, 2121.
In addition, Singapore has promulgated and implemented the Regulations on the Protection of Personal Data, and India has also promulgated the draft Personal Data Protection Act of 2119.
Behind the global legislative impulse, everyone gradually realizes that whoever lags behind in legislation will be in a passive position in the digital age.
Although China implemented the Network Security Law as early as 2117, there is no exclusive legal norm in the field of data. In September 2118, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) promulgated the legislative plan of the Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China. On June 11, 2121, the Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China was officially promulgated and will be implemented on September 1, 2121. At this point, China also has the first law on data security.
while the law confirms the right of data, it also needs technical support at the operational level. At present, there is no technical difficulty in establishing personal data accounts. One possible idea is to provide individuals with a personal data authorization account system similar to the ID card system. With such a system, individuals can authorize data, and then have the initiative to personal data.