Although e-commerce has begun to take shape in China, only some information technology companies actively participate in it. From the perspective of the whole society, there are two aspects that are not ready: on the one hand, the basic work, that is, the degree of enterprise informatization is not high. Whether it is industrial enterprises, commercial enterprises or foreign trade enterprises, the use of computers for business processing and information management, or online business, has not reached its due scale. Enterprise informatization is the basis of developing e-commerce. Without the digitalization of business processing, enterprises will not be able to access the Internet and implement e-commerce.

On the other hand, the government's work preparation is not enough. E-commerce is different from traditional commerce, and it is a new business operation mode based on network. To carry out this work, it will involve relevant laws and standards, such as digital signature and electronic contract. Whether it can be recognized by law, there are no corresponding laws and regulations in these aspects at present. However, the "Year of E-commerce" has prompted the the State Council Legislative Affairs Bureau and the Beijing Legislative Affairs Office to pay close attention to this issue, and everyone is discussing how to formulate the legal issues involved in e-commerce. At present, under the condition of imperfect laws, disputes can be resolved through arbitration committees.

With regard to specific countermeasures, the following suggestions are preliminarily put forward:

1) Track and study the development trend of international e-commerce, analyze its favorable factors and unfavorable effects on China's import and export trade, capital outflow and inflow, national economic development and social progress, and formulate countermeasures as soon as possible.

2) From the national conditions of China, relax the definition of e-commerce. In addition to promoting EDI and Internet, we should also vigorously advocate and actively promote the development of e-commerce in China through telephone, fax, television, electronic payment and remittance systems, accumulate useful experience from the stages of seeking, ordering, payment and transportation of e-commerce and create necessary conditions.

3) Concentrate on giving priority to the development of international e-commerce, promoting foreign trade enterprises first, and then "making foreign things serve China", and then gradually develop e-commerce in domestic trade, among which e-commerce among enterprises can start first.

4) Encourage qualified areas to vigorously develop e-commerce. For areas with relatively developed economy, high degree of informatization, leaders' attention, demand for e-commerce and benefits, especially some coastal provinces and cities with conditions, as well as a few provincial capital cities and central cities in the mainland, we should encourage them to seize the opportunity, develop various forms of e-commerce, give play to the demonstration effect and promote it to other areas.

5) Starting with creating conditions, such as accelerating enterprise reform, cultivating the national market, and promoting the informationization of the national economy, we will establish an e-commerce environment that has market demand and can benefit both enterprises and residents. In the link of poor marketing channels, it is especially necessary to create conditions to promote the development of e-commerce. Of course, e-commerce is not an end in itself. The ultimate goal is to promote economic growth, improve quality of enterprise and increase people's welfare.

6) The key to e-commerce is coordination. The division of departments and the closure of regions are not conducive to e-commerce. Although China has established the Ministry of Information Industry, which can effectively promote e-commerce, national e-commerce is still not the power of one department, and it needs the cooperation of other relevant departments and the participation of comprehensive departments, especially the joint efforts of people from all walks of life and Qi Xin. Therefore, we suggest that the State Council should set up a national e-commerce promotion committee at an appropriate time to plan and coordinate the development of e-commerce in China.

Judging from the construction of e-commerce, it can be roughly divided into three levels: 1. E-commerce means advertising or providing business information on the Internet. Anyone who conducts business activities with the help of electronic information technology can be regarded as e-commerce in a broad sense. This is extensive low-level e-commerce. 2. Online matchmaking, with clear buyers and sellers, the process of matchmaking is actually the expansion of e-commerce. The result of online blind date is online signing, which will involve legal authentication and legal effect. 3. Electronic transaction, which is the highest realm of e-commerce. Its core is electronic payment and electronic settlement. At present, the online fair held by the Ministry of Economic Relations and Trade is actually a kind of e-commerce, which should be strongly advocated, because it is a convenient, fast and cost-saving online comparison by using advanced electronic information technology.

Analysis on the development and application prospect of e-commerce

Since 1990s, with the breakthrough of network, communication and information technology, the Internet has gained explosive growth and spread rapidly around the world. Under this premise, e-commerce came into being. E-commerce is a brand-new business model based on the Internet, with both parties as the main body, electronic payment and settlement by banks as the means, and relying on customer data. It can make the contact between merchants and suppliers closer, meet the needs of customers faster, and also allow merchants to choose the best suppliers in the global scope and sell products in the global market. Since 1998 "year of e-commerce", e-commerce has developed rapidly in the world, and its transaction volume has doubled every nine months. Global e-commerce transaction volume (including online transaction volume and sales volume, etc. ) has reached hundreds of billions of dollars, and e-commerce revenue has soared by 262%. It is estimated that by 2003, the number of Internet users will reach 350 million, and the revenue of e-commerce market will reach trillions of dollars. I. Overview of e-commerce development

1, e-commerce

E-commerce is a new modern business model, which has developed rapidly since 1995, showing great modern business value. From 65438 to 0997, the governments of Europe, the United States, Singapore and other countries issued the development outline of e-commerce, aiming at guiding the free competition and healthy development of global e-commerce and vigorously promoting the practice of e-commerce. Our government's development program will also be issued in the near future to promote China enterprises to adapt to international development and participate in international competition. It is reasonable to believe that in the 2 1 century, e-commerce will gradually become the main way of social life and the foundation of digital society.

E-commerce activity is a modern way to conduct business activities through public computer communication network, which will break through the time and geographical limitations of traditional commerce and become a convenient, fast, safe and reliable emerging e-commerce activity mode. E-commerce makes modern business activities safe, reliable, fast, clear and convenient. We can carry out e-commerce activities anytime and anywhere through the Internet. Because e-commerce involves many aspects such as society, economy, finance, law and life, there are certain difficulties and problems. On the one hand, its healthy development requires fundamental changes in people's work and lifestyle, concepts and management methods; On the other hand, national macro-control and management need to legislate and standardize e-commerce; In addition, technical safety must be perfect and reliable.

The development of e-commerce will gradually change our way of life and work. The management and business activities of face-to-face negotiation and paper exchange have gradually changed into digital activities completed by computer remote operation. Without the limitation of time, space and artificial conditions, people's life and work will become convenient, flexible and free. In particular, access to information, transmission of information, various service activities, payment and delivery methods will all undergo fundamental changes. Any legal organization, company or even individual can become a global information publisher by establishing their own websites on the Internet. The acquisition of information has a wide range of contents and selectivity; Commodity understanding, contract negotiation and transaction in trade and business activities are all completed through internet information and network software. Enterprise administration will enter the electronic office mode, and checks, counters, insurance, investment, corporate banks and family banks in financial services will be moved to the network. The use and development of digital electronic silver coins provide convenient conditions for people to carry out cross-regional commercial and financial activities. Humans will inevitably get used to living with computers and adapt to the digital existence in the era of e-commerce.

E-commerce has completely changed the way we do business today, because people can handle business at home without time and space restrictions. Small companies can also make global online orders and complete global business activities. More and more electronic money (credit cards, digital cash, etc. Online payment is used in electronic transactions, and people are no longer limited to the carrying and use of physical cash. Companies, shops and banks will not distinguish the size by the number of people, the number of branches and the scale, but arrange the economic seats by the turnover and the amount of information exchange. E-commerce will grow at a huge speed and bring great influence to the financial industry. The world economic and financial situation will also be deeply affected. The breakthrough of information exchange and digital electronic money in space and region will promote economic development, but it will also bring difficulties in economic and financial management. All countries need to formulate relevant laws and regulations to regulate the market; Combined with technical safety control, it ensures the healthy development of this emerging business model and market.

2. The application of electronic commerce

E-commerce directly involves national laws, trade, finance, materials, circulation, information exchange, infrastructure and other aspects. Therefore, the promotion of e-commerce needs to establish a good e-commerce environment.

E-commerce actually moves people's business activities in traditional offices, shopping malls, banks and management departments to a public media, that is, the computer Internet. E-commerce covers a wide range, including online management, online banking, online ordering, online trading, online marketing, marketing, advertising, home banking, shopping and telecommuting. The application of e-commerce can be divided into three aspects: business-to-business, business-to-consumer and information release.

1) Business-to-business: Business-to-business is a business activity between enterprises. Including ordering, contract, settlement, cooperation, management and so on. E-commerce can directly order, settle accounts and deliver goods online, thus shortening the business operation cycle and improving business efficiency. The close relationship between manufacturers, markets and wholesalers. It is conducive to providing comprehensive commercial services, especially chain operation services.

2) Business-to-consumer: Business-to-consumer is a form of directly facing the final consumer. E-commerce is an information-based business process, which strengthens the contact with customers through online advertising, market development, online ordering and online customer service. Save time and labor and business services. At present, this service mainly involves air ticket booking, hotel registration, online bookstore, online shopping mall and other services.

3) Information release: In e-commerce, new information products are not only convenient to query, but also very practical, such as e-books, application software and application information. E-commerce and media combine to develop markets and services. The new mode of e-commerce based on information has created new social market activities of e-commerce marketing, online advertising and online consumption.

4) Online management: Through the communication foundation of the Internet, people can conduct remote transaction management, such as online financial management, online consultation, online teaching, online medical treatment, online investment, online entertainment and online life.

E-commerce has produced a new type of market, which is as follows:

New ways to provide online browsing, product selection and electronic money support on the network;

Create new products and services on public networks;

Provide secure transmission information on public network;

Create a digital economic environment and living environment;

Form an online digital consumer market.

Now many online banks, online shopping malls and online bookstores are open, and online marketing and online advertising are developing. People have gradually entered the era of e-commerce and carried out activities such as telecommuting, online shopping, online trading and online consumption.

3. E-commerce and electronic payment

With the development and integration of computer, network and information technology, the Internet has entered every field and link of our social life. Whether it is an institution, a unit, a family or an individual, they can obtain resources and enjoy information through the Internet. Brand-new e-commerce is an interrelated dynamic business activity under the background of the extensive connection of the Internet and the rich resources of traditional information technology systems. This Internet-based e-commerce has brought a revolution to the traditional trading mode. Through a string of bytes freely transmitted on the Internet, based on a widely interconnected and completely open platform, the Internet has realized a low-cost and efficient business model, including various financial services.

E-commerce is to unify all parties involved in business activities, such as merchants, customers, banks or financial institutions, information card companies or securities companies, and the government, in the unity of e-commerce, so as to fully realize the electronicization of online transactions. E-commerce includes two basic links, namely, transaction link and payment and settlement link, which mainly involves the external transactions of enterprises and individuals. External financial transactions such as payment, settlement and taxation will inevitably occur, and direct business transactions such as transfer, reconciliation and charges between enterprises and banks will inevitably be required through the network, and most payment and settlement businesses are completed through financial private networks. So if you leave the bank, you can't complete the payment of online transactions, and you can't talk about real e-commerce. The popularization of e-commerce application must be guaranteed by financial electronization, that is, providing high-quality and efficient electronic financial services through good online payment and settlement means. Information technology and network have created conditions for e-finance, and e-banking, e-wallet, e-payment and smart credit cards have been applied. However, in order to give full play to the role of financial electronization in protecting e-commerce, it is necessary to establish a complete network electronic payment system, and provide comprehensive financial services and financial management information systems such as verification, bank transfer reconciliation, electronic securities, account management, transaction processing, remittance and report services.

Second, the status of e-commerce in China

1, e-commerce in China

Internationally, the degree of informatization in China is very low. At present, there are only150,000 personal computers in the market, some of which are computers without internet access, with an average of less than one for each enterprise and government department. The slow network operation, high network operation cost and few people who are used to using e-commerce to obtain business opportunities have restricted the development of e-commerce. However, the development of e-commerce in China is strong. From 1998, when the concept of e-commerce was promoted by IT industry and media, in just two years, e-commerce quickly entered the implementation stage from the enlightenment stage, and online stores, shopping malls, specialty stores, auction shops, online booking, tourism, education, medical care and various e-commerce information and trading websites sprang up like mushrooms after rain. According to the statistics of China E-commerce Network, as of the beginning of this year, there are more than 500 online stores in China, and they are growing at an average rate of more than 2 per day. The development area has also expanded from a few cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Hangzhou to major cities along the coast and the mainland, and many industrial and commercial enterprises in traditional industries have begun to enter the stage of e-commerce. The number of netizens has increased sharply, reaching 6.5438+million (the number needed for large-scale application of e-commerce). At the same time, domestic and foreign venture capital has been heavily involved, and well-known domestic websites such as Sina, Sohu, 8848 and Alibaba have successively obtained tens of millions of dollars of investment at home and abroad. More importantly, from the government to the business community, from all aspects of society to ordinary consumers, the development prospects and great potential of e-commerce are becoming clearer and clearer, among which the active support of the government for the development of e-commerce is the key.

2, the development environment of e-commerce in China

1). Legal and policy environment.

The normative framework scheme of e-commerce laws, systems and standards in China, hosted by the State Information Office, has basically taken shape, and the state is also working hard to formulate an implementation outline for e-commerce development in China. At the Third Session of the Ninth National People's Congress, the motion calling for the enactment of e-commerce law became the first motion, which attracted wide attention from all sides. Our government is stepping up the formulation and early promulgation of the framework for the development of e-commerce in China. Relevant government departments also actively support the experiment and exploration of e-commerce.

2). Information infrastructure.

(1) Some achievements have been made in the construction of network infrastructure. For example, some large Internet networks have taken shape, such as China Education and Scientific Research Computer Network, cstnet, China Public Computer Internet, China Jinqiao Information Network, etc. In terms of public telecommunication network, three supporting networks (narrow-band ISON network, intelligent service network and multimedia communication network) will be basically built this year. (2) The fluency of the six domestic Internet networks has been further improved. At the end of March this year, Beijing China Internet Exchange Center was established, and the network bandwidth increased from 2M to 100M. The interface plan between the domestic Internet and the international network has been greatly accelerated, and the leap from 300M to 1500M can be realized by the end of the year. (3) The mobile Internet has developed rapidly. In March this year, China Mobile Communications Group Corporation launched the "Global Communication" WPA commercial trial network in six major cities, including Beijing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and Shenzhen. Users of WPA mobile phones can use roaming services in these six cities and surf the Internet with WPA-enabled mobile phones. Shanghai Mobile Communication Company also launched the WPA portal wap.sh.chrwobire.net in Shanghai. Portable network, Sohu, Alibaba, etc. Have launched or are ready to launch mobile e-commerce services. (4) The popularization of information terminals has accelerated, PC sales have increased, and the sales of set-top boxes, PDA and WAP phones have gradually opened.

3). Safe environment.

The state attaches great importance to the security issues related to the development of e-commerce. Safety certification centers led by the People's Bank of China are being established, and certification centers in some cities have been established. Development of core technologies such as security standards, electronic signatures and cryptographic systems. Has been taken seriously and increased investment.

4). Payment environment.

Bank card online payment has been realized in some financial institutions. Electronic wallet, digital currency, smart card and other payment methods are developing actively. At present, the e-commerce settlement method that has been carried out is a combination of local and foreign countries. Credit cards, debit cards, savings cards, post office remittances, cash on delivery and other payment methods are mixed, and some of them are even online inquiries and offline transactions. Although some banks have begun to carry out pilot work in online payment and online banking, it is difficult to solve it only by banks under the condition of imperfect credit system. Following the introduction of online payment by major commercial banks, the e-commerce financial certification (CA) center led by the People's Bank of China will be released soon, and relevant e-commerce laws and regulations are also being studied and formulated. In terms of delivery after online transactions, most of them are delivered by post offices, with many links and slow speed.

5). Capital market.

The development of financial services and capital market in China is quite backward, which is out of proportion to the development requirements of Internet and e-commerce. At present, most network enterprises are founded by private capital, and the capital market is oriented to serve state-owned enterprises, which is basically closed to network enterprises. The venture capital system is not perfect, and the official-led venture capital system does not meet the essential requirements of venture capital, so it is difficult for enterprises that really need venture capital to get support.

In the face of e-commerce, the service industry responds the fastest and advances to e-commerce faster. The traditional manufacturing industry has also begun to realize and gradually implement the e-commerce plan, and the primary industry has also tried e-commerce. Specifically, retail e-commerce has the fastest development. Digital products are most suitable for direct sales through the network, such as e-books, digital audio-visual products, software products, electronic newspapers and periodicals. Some websites have realized online sales of e-books, CDs and so on. Financial service industry is the most widely used industry of information technology, and financial e-commerce has changed from information service to real electronic transaction. Securities e-commerce and online insurance agency have great development prospects. Dozens of tourism e-commerce websites have been opened, and traditional travel agencies have also touched the net, but the whole industry is still in its infancy. Enterprises in the forefront of traditional manufacturing industries began to implement e-commerce plans. The home appliance industry attracts attention in e-commerce. Haier, Chunlan, Midea and other enterprises are not ordinary "touching the net". With the concrete actions taken by the automobile manufacturing industry, the chemical industry is not far behind. Agriculture is the industry with the lowest information level, but it is precisely agriculture that contains huge business opportunities. The development of e-commerce in the agricultural field has played a huge role in promoting the pace of agricultural industrialization.

Third, the development status of international e-commerce

E-commerce has brought great impact to traditional business activities, and its prominent symbol is to increase trade opportunities, reduce trade costs, simplify trade processes and improve trade efficiency. E-commerce has greatly changed the business model. It has led to changes in the economic structure. In developed countries, the development of e-commerce is unprecedentedly prosperous, and trading through the Internet has become a trend.

In the future, the development of e-commerce in China will present the following six major trends:

1). Deepen the trend. The infrastructure of e-commerce will be improved day by day, the supporting environment will be gradually standardized, the depth of e-commerce development by enterprises will be further expanded, and the depth of individual participation in e-commerce will also be expanded.

2). Personalized trend. The emergence, development and popularization of the Internet itself is a liberation of individuals in the traditional economic society. Personalized information demand and personalized commodity demand will become the development direction, and consumers will participate in the design and manufacturing process of commodities according to their personal preferences. For all e-commerce activities for individual consumers, providing more diversified and personalized services than traditional commercial enterprises is the key factor to determine the success or failure in the future.

3). Specialization trend. The first is the specialization trend of individual consumers. In the next few years, the Internet users in China will still be dominated by people with middle and high income levels. They have strong purchasing power, high education level and strong demand for personalized consumption. Therefore, vertical websites providing one-stop services and professional websites with certain products and services have greater development potential. The second is the specialization trend of enterprise customers. BtoB e-commerce model, based on the professional e-commerce platform of big industries, has a bright future.

4). Internationalization trend. With the standardization and improvement of the international e-commerce environment, China's e-commerce enterprises will gradually go global. Therefore, enterprises in China can truly stand on the same starting line with developed countries, and turn China's backward disadvantage on the track of market economy into backward advantage. E-commerce is a favorable opportunity for small and medium-sized enterprises in China to explore the international market and make good use of various foreign resources. At the same time, foreign e-commerce enterprises will strive to explore the China market.

5). The trend of regionalization. The imbalance of regional economic development and the dual structure of urban and rural areas in China reflect the ladder of economic development and the hierarchy of income structure. For a long time to come, the Internet population will still be dominated by big cities, medium-sized cities and economically developed coastal areas, and the regional characteristics of BtoC's e-commerce model are very obvious. E-commerce enterprises based on this model must fully consider this reality in resource planning, distribution system construction, market promotion and other aspects, and adopt a focused regionalization strategy to expand the scale and benefits of online marketing most effectively.

6). The trend of integration. E-commerce will move from the initial blooming to new integration. First, the merger between similar websites. At present, a large number of websites belong to "repeated construction", with the same or similar positioning and the same business content. The result of fierce competition can only be that a few enterprises finally win. The second is the complementary merger between different types of websites. The advantages of domestic leading e-commerce enterprises in terms of resources, brands and customer scale are relative. In the process of expansion, well-known foreign e-commerce enterprises will inevitably adopt acquisition strategy, and the main mode will be complementary acquisition. The third is strategic alliance. The resources of each website are always limited, and the needs of customers are all-round. It is inevitable that different types of websites will cooperate with each other in the form of strategic alliance.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) the relationship between e-commerce and logistics

1, "flow" in e-commerce

The essence of e-commerce is commerce, and the core content of commerce is commodity trading, while commodity fairs involve four aspects: the transfer of commodity ownership, the payment of money, the acquisition and application of relevant information, and the transfer of commodities themselves. That is, business flow, capital flow, information flow and logistics. Among them, the information flow not only includes the provision of commodity information, promotion and marketing, technical support and after-sales service, but also includes business documents such as inquiry, quotation, payment notice and transfer notice. , as well as the payment ability and payment reputation of the counterparty. Business flow refers to the movement process of commodity trading and the transfer of commodity ownership between purchase and sale, specifically referring to a series of activities of commodity trading. Capital flow mainly refers to the transfer process of funds, including payment, transfer and other processes. In the e-commerce environment, these four parts are different from the traditional situation. Business flow, capital flow and information flow can all be handled by computers and network communication equipment. As the most special of the four streams, logistics refers to the flow process of material entities, specifically referring to various activities such as transportation, storage, distribution, loading and unloading, warehousing and logistics information management. For a few goods and services, they can be delivered directly through network transmission, such as various electronic publications and information consulting services. For most goods and services, logistics still needs to be transmitted by physical means.

2 the relationship between e-commerce and logistics

E-commerce is a fundamental revolution in the commercial field. However, the actual situation of its development in China is far less than expected, and the lag of logistics capacity is a major reason.

In the past, people didn't know enough about the importance of logistics in e-commerce and the changes that logistics should have in e-commerce environment. They believe that for most goods and services, logistics can still pass through traditional distribution channels. However, with the further popularization and application of e-commerce, the lag of logistics capacity has increasingly restricted its development. More and more people begin to pay attention to the influence of logistics on e-commerce activities. But what is the relationship between e-commerce and logistics, but few people discuss it. At present, the most macroscopic view of this relationship is that "logistics is an important part of e-commerce". Of course there is some truth, but it is not exact. This is based on the following two reasons: First, the most essential success of e-commerce is to make business process information processing and information processing electronic. In short, e-commerce is buying and selling goods or services online. This kind of buying and selling is the buying and selling of the ownership of goods or services, that is, business flow. Some people think that business flow depends on logistics, so "logistics is an important part of e-commerce". However, the relationship between logistics and business flow is not only the relationship between support and support, such as waste recycling and return. For the relationship between logistics and business flow, it may be better to say that logistics and business flow, that is, the essential content of e-commerce, correspond. In other words, logistics and e-commerce correspond. Second, the network economy informatizes business flow and capital flow, electronizes information flow, and virtualizes and informatizes business, advertising, ordering, purchasing, payment, certification and other entities and transactions, which can be said to be a virtual economy. Logistics is the transfer of entity position. It is not appropriate to say that "reality" is a part of "virtual", but it may be more appropriate to say that this relationship is "corresponding to reality".

Let me add here that business flow can include the transfer of service ownership (the "service" here does not include logistics services), and the real "delivery" of services, that is, consumption, is not the content of logistics, but also a "virtual-real correspondence" relationship. It is really appropriate to combine service consumption with physical displacement and call it "virtual-real correspondence" with e-commerce. As can be seen from the above discussion, the relationship between logistics and e-commerce is extremely close. Logistics is very important to the realization of e-commerce, and the influence of e-commerce on logistics is of course enormous. The future development of logistics can not be separated from the influence of e-commerce. It can be understood that the contradiction of logistics itself promotes its development, and e-commerce just provides a means to solve this contradiction; On the other hand, the solution of the contradiction of e-commerce itself also needs logistics to provide means, and the new economic model needs a new logistics model.

3. The impact of e-commerce on logistics

Because of the close relationship between e-commerce and logistics, the revolution of e-commerce will inevitably have a great impact on logistics. This kind of influence is all-round, from the status of logistics industry to logistics organization mode, to logistics operation and functional links, great changes will take place under the influence of e-commerce.