Invitation to Tender means that the tenderer (buyer) issues a tender notice, stating the name, specifications, quantity and other conditions of the purchased goods, and invites bidders (sellers) to bid at a specified time and place according to certain procedures.

symmetry of "bidding". The act of inviting manufacturers who are willing to contract or trade for a certain project construction or commodity trading to bid to select contractors or traders from them. Generally, the procedures are as follows: the tenderee advertises or selectively invites relevant manufacturers, and sends the tender documents or attaches drawings and samples; Bidders shall submit bid documents as required; Then, under the auspices of a notary public, bid opening and evaluation will be conducted in public, and the successful bidder will be the one who fully meets the requirements; Finally, the two sides signed a contract or transaction contract.

bidding methods: bidding methods are divided into open bidding, invitation bidding, bid negotiation and bidding agent.

open tender

means that the tenderer invites unspecified legal persons or other organizations to bid by means of tender announcement. Open bidding, also known as competitive bidding, means that the tenderee publishes a tender announcement in newspapers, electronic networks or other media to attract many enterprises to participate in the bidding competition, and the tenderee selects the bidding method of the winning bidder from among them. According to the degree of competition, public bidding can be divided into international competitive bidding and domestic competitive bidding.

invitation to bid

means that a tenderer invites a specific legal person or other organization to bid by way of invitation to bid. Invited bidding, also known as limited competition bidding, is a kind of bidding method in which the tenderee selects several suppliers or contractors and sends them invitations to bid, and the invited suppliers and contractors compete to bid, from which the winning bidder is selected. The characteristics of invitation to bid are: (1) invitation to bid does not use public announcement; (2) The unit that accepts the invitation is the qualified bidder; (3) The number of bidders is limited.

Bid negotiation

Also known as non-competitive bidding or designated bidding, the owner invites a company with no more than two well-known units to directly negotiate and negotiate. This is actually a form of contract negotiation.

bidding agency

A tenderer has the right to choose a bidding agency and entrust it to handle bidding matters. A bidding agency is a social intermediary organization established according to law to engage in bidding agency business and provide services.

bidding process: detailed bidding process

1. Bidding qualification and filing

The tenderer shall handle the bidding matters by himself and file with the construction administrative department according to regulations; Entrusting an agent for bidding matters shall sign an entrustment contract.

2. Determine the bidding method

Determine the public bidding or invitation bidding according to laws, regulations and rules.

3. Publish a tender announcement or an invitation to bid

In case of public tender, the tender announcement shall be published in newspapers, information networks or other media designated by the state or local authorities, and at the same time, on the website of China's engineering construction and construction industry residence;

those who implement invitation bidding should send invitations to bid to more than three bidders who meet the qualification conditions.

4. Prepare and distribute prequalification documents and submit prequalification applications

If prequalification is adopted, prepare prequalification documents and distribute them to applicants who participate in bidding.

fill in the prequalification application. Bidders should fill in the prequalification application form according to the requirements of prequalification documents (in case of consortium bidding, each member should fill in the prequalification application form separately)

5. Prequalification, and determine the qualified bidding applicants

Review and analyze the content of the prequalification application form submitted by the bidding applicants. If the tenderer needs to conduct a comprehensive investigation on the legality and performance ability of bidders, it can conduct an audit through prequalification. The tenderee may prepare the prequalification documents according to relevant regulations and submit them to the tendering and bidding supervision institutions for review three days before they are issued. The prequalification shall be reviewed according to relevant regulations, and the review results shall be filed with the tendering and bidding supervision institutions after the prequalification. Within three days of filing, the tendering and bidding supervision institution has not raised any objection, and the tenderer may issue a "prequalification notice" and notify all unqualified bidders.

6. Prepare and issue the tender documents

Prepare the tender documents according to the relevant regulations, principles, actual conditions and requirements of the project, and submit them to the tendering and bidding supervision institution for filing and review. Once the approved tender documents are issued, the tenderee shall not change their contents without authorization. If it is really necessary to change them, it must be approved by the tendering and bidding management agency and notify all tenderers before the deadline for bidding. The tenderer shall hold a bid issuing meeting at the time specified in the tender documents, and distribute the tender documents, construction drawings and relevant technical data to the bidders.

7. Reconnaissance of the site

The tenderee shall organize the bidders to conduct on-site reconnaissance according to the requirements of the tender documents, answer the questions raised by the tendering units, form written materials and report them to the tendering and bidding supervision institutions for the record.

8. Preparation and submission of bidding documents

The bidder shall prepare the tender according to the requirements of the bidding documents, seal it according to regulations, and deliver it to the designated place in the bidding documents within the specified time.

9, the formation of the bid evaluation committee

11, bid opening

According to the time and place specified in the tender documents, the tenderer opens the tender documents submitted by all bidders in accordance with the regulations, and publicly announces the names of bidders, bid prices and other main contents required in the tender documents. The bid opening shall be presided over by the tenderer, and all bidders' representatives and relevant personnel shall be invited to conduct the bid opening in public according to the procedures under the supervision of the tendering and bidding supervision institution.

the time from the date of issuing the tender documents to the bid opening shall not be less than 21 days.

11. Bid evaluation

Bid evaluation is the evaluation and comparison of bid documents, and the comprehensive evaluation method or the lowest evaluated bid winning method can be adopted.

according to the bid evaluation method specified in the tender documents, the bid evaluation committee, with the aid of computer-aided bid evaluation system, comprehensively, seriously and systematically evaluates and compares the bidders' bid documents according to the program requirements, and determines no more than three qualified bid-winning candidates, and indicates the order.

The bid evaluation committee should meet the following requirements when recommending the candidate winning the bid or directly determining the winning bidder: 1. It can meet the comprehensive evaluation criteria specified in the tender documents to the greatest extent; 2. It can meet the substantive requirements of the tender documents, and the evaluated tender price is the lowest, except that it is lower than the enterprise cost.

12, calibration

The tenderer determines the winning bidder according to the requirements of the tender documents and the qualified candidates recommended by the bid evaluation committee, or may authorize the bid evaluation committee to directly determine the winning bidder.

for projects invested with state-owned funds, the tenderer shall determine the candidate winning the bid ranked first as the winning bidder. If the winning candidate ranked first gives up the bid, and the contract cannot be performed due to force majeure, or the contents specified in the tender documents are not satisfied, the tenderer may determine the winning candidate ranked second as the winning bidder, and so on. If all the recommended candidates for winning the bid are not selected, the bidding shall be reorganized. The winning bidder shall not be determined among the unsuccessful candidates.

if the tenderer authorizes the bid evaluation committee to directly determine the winning bidder, the number one bidder shall be determined in order.

13. Publicity of the bid-winning result

After determining the winning bidder, the tenderer will publicize the bid-winning result for at least 3 days.

14, the bid-winning notice for the record

After the public notice has no objection, the tenderer will form a written report on the project bidding, bid opening, bid evaluation and evaluation, and send it to the bidding supervision institution for the record. Issue a bid-winning notice filed by the tendering and bidding supervision institution.

15. Contract signing and filing

The winning bidder shall conclude a written contract with the tenderer in accordance with the tender documents and bidding documents within 31 working days, and report it to the tendering and bidding supervision institution for filing within 5 days after signing the contract.