/kloc-At the beginning of the 0/9th century, the center of Russian painting art was the Royal Russian Academy of Art, and traditional classicism was dominant. It was not until the 1930s that things began to change. Academical classicism has gradually been replaced by vibrant realism, and many artists have embarked on the road of realistic creation. The creative themes of academic painters are mainly ancient history and religious content. For example, major historical events in ancient and medieval times, as well as biblical stories, are divorced from the real life of the Russian people.
There are two different views on the content of historical paintings. One school, represented by historian karamzin, thinks that the task of historical painting is to praise the enlightened monarch; The other school, represented by the writer Turgenev, thinks that the task of historical painting should be to reflect the historical character of ordinary people. At that time, the famous Russian historical painters were аии Ivanov, ае yegorov, вккк Shebuyev, etc. Their works have exerted a wide influence on Russian art history. аии Ivanov was born in 1776. His representative works include The Achievement of a Kiev Man in 968 and Mustislav? Udaloi and Lejekia duel ".
ае. yegorov was born in 1776. The masterpiece is The Passion of Jesus Christ, which was completed on 18 14. In his works, he shows more obvious classicism. вк. Shebuyev was born in 1777. His works are mainly religious, such as Vasily in Kazan Cathedral and Worship of the Pastor. However, in these paintings, the seeds of realism have emerged. At that time, the representative figures of romantic painters were оа Kiprenski, ао Orlovski, сФ Schederin, ик Aivazovski, ва Tropinin and г.
In the portraits of romantic painters, they not only retain the advantages of traditional classical painters, but also make bold innovations. They not only demand similarity in form, but also attach importance to similarity in spirit, that is, they should describe the complex, individual and rich inner world of portraits and show new artistic thinking that is more in line with the requirements of the times than classicism. 1827 оа Kiprenski's Portrait of Pushkin is a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. This painting not only has a vivid appearance with Pushkin, but more importantly, it accurately reveals Pushkin's unique inner world and is widely praised by people including Pushkin. ва Topinin also painted many portraits for Pushkin. These works are also very expressive, accurately and vividly depicting the poet's demeanor and temperament, as well as rich inner feelings, leaving a deep impression on people.
Ф Schederin and Aivazovski are romantic landscape painters, especially the latter, who is famous for depicting the sea. The unique scenery of the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and Crimea is the main content of his creation, leaving more than 6,000 paintings in his life, which has had an important impact on the development of Russian painting art. Venechianov has made great achievements in portrait painting, genre painting and landscape painting. Because he has lived in the countryside all the year round, he has a more practical understanding of the life of Russian countryside and farmers, which is clearly reflected in his paintings, such as Washing Beets, Threshing Floor, Cultivated Land and Summer and Morning of Landlord, all of which are excellent works.
His works pay attention to the lives of ordinary people, have a strong interest in their fate, and show a humanitarian spirit. He created his own art in the countryside, and at the same time set up a studio to train painters. With his influence and help, many people stand out and become famous painters. After 1930s, some classical painters of academic school gradually parted ways with academic school under the influence and promotion of romanticism.
For example, Bryullov, who graduated from the Art Institute, has shown great artistic attainments in portrait painting, landscape painting and historical painting. In artistic practice, he constantly improved the artistic skills he learned in the Art College, but his artistic thoughts were obviously different from the traditional thoughts of the academic school. In portraits like Lady Knight, we not only pay attention to composition and color, but also pay attention to how to express the spirit and explore the complex psychology of the characters. In the landscape paintings such as Morning in Italy and The End of Pompeii, they not only show superb artistic appeal through the change of color and light, but also show profound social themes through the description of the landscape.
This is the end of Pompeii. It is no accident that he won the gold medal in international art exhibitions such as France and Italy. Ivanov's artistic style belongs to classicism, but his artistic theory is closer to realism, emphasizing that the painter's mission is to serve the truth of mankind. In his works, it can be clearly seen that he absorbed a lot of the essence of classical art, but he did not stay in front of the ancients, but had many innovations. He not only pays attention to form, but also pays attention to content, and tries to unify the two harmoniously.
His masterpiece is Epiphany, which was completed on 1857. This painting was originally conceived in 1833, and it took more than 20 years to complete. Jesus does not occupy the main position in the picture, because аа Ivanov wants to express not Jesus, but people who are eager for happiness. Rather than waiting for the resurrection of Jesus, people are looking forward to their own liberation. This painting was basically created in Italy. When this painting was brought back to Russia, although its superb artistic skills were impeccable, it could not be recognized by the czar government because of its strong realistic tendency.
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186 1 On the eve of serfdom reform, social contradictions were unprecedentedly acute and complicated. In the constant awakening, people have further recognized the nature of serfdom that hinders historical progress, stepped up their resistance to decadent autocratic system, and looked forward to the arrival of a democratic and free society, all of which have been clearly expressed in painting art, such as па fedotov1works after the 1940s, such as Newly Awarded Medal, Picky Bride, Major's Proposal, etc.
Declining nobles, officials, ordinary citizens, businessmen, etc. Artists in profound social changes are the material of his paintings. These works vividly show their inner world with their own characteristics under specific historical conditions, and the highly infectious painting skills further deepen the theme of each work. His artistic career has had an important influence on the development of Russian painting art.
Sculpture art, like all kinds of fine arts, is an important part of Russian visual arts. In the first half of the 9th century,/kloc-0, commemorative and decorative sculptures played an important role in the history of Russian art development. The famous sculpture artists in this period mainly include ип Martos, ии Schederin, ии Terebenev, ссс pimenov, вииии Gemut.
Their representative works include cathedrals all over the country, the Russian Admiralty building, the arch of the General Staff, the Mining Institute building, the Alexandria Theatre in Petersburg and other sculptures with religious contents. These sculptures have distinct ideological content, such as sculptures or icons in churches, or visual interpretation of religious teachings. Sculptures in various buildings are often consistent with the nature of the building itself. For example, the fleet and chariot sculptures on the buildings of the military departments are not only simple decorations, but also promoting the "martial arts" of the invasion and expansion of the czar government.
19 After the 1930s, the Russian sculpture art has undergone obvious changes, mainly because the themes reflecting the real life of society are becoming more and more common. Not only religious idols, but also some people in real life have become the material created by sculpture artists, and even historical figures have shown a certain spirit of the times. In this way, sculpture got rid of the narrow limitations and took a wide range of social content as the material, which effectively promoted the development of sculpture art and produced many fine products that were handed down to future generations.
Such as нсссав by Pinienov and вв by Loganov, which are full of rich flavor of life; бииииииииииииииииииииииииииии108 ип. Vitaly's works are more extensive, both the fountain sculpture in Moscow Theatre Square and the bust of Pushkin have left a deep impression on generations.
пк. During the 20 years in 1833- 1850, Collotte completed the statues of four horses on the Covey Bridge in anic. Although this group of statues are animals, the theme it wants to show is that human beings overcome natural disasters and express the wishes and pursuits of modern people. Soviet art historians believe that this work can be said to be a treasure of Russian and even world art, and it "seems to be the most powerful and beautiful factor in the development of Russian sculpture art in the first half of the19th century".